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WONDERS OF NATURE
Kaziranga. Nature miracle
The land of Indian rhinos - Kaziranga - is located in a pristine and uninhabited area of swampy savannas in the Brahmaputra River Valley, in the state of Assam.
Once upon a time, most of the Brahmaputra valley was covered with forests or savannahs. But at the end of the 1908th century, they began to build a railway here and began to cut down forests and lay tea plantations. One of the most inaccessible places north of the Mikir Hills was declared a hunting reserve in 1926, and a game reserve in 1930. But back in the mid-1938s, no one could penetrate Kaziranga due to impenetrable swamps with leeches. Only in 1949, E. Ji was the first European to explore Kaziranga with the help of a riding elephant. In 1968 Kaziranga became a wildlife reserve and in XNUMX a national park. Its current territory occupies 43 hectares between the Brahmaputra River and the Mikir Mountains. Economic activity and the stay of unauthorized persons are prohibited in this territory without special permission from the park administration. In order to get to the national park, you need to go from Delhi to Kolkata, and then to the small town of Jharhat. Every year during the rainy season, the river floods a significant area of Kazi-rangi, so two-thirds of the park is covered with water. It is forbidden to walk in the park, but it is simply physically impossible to do it - it is difficult to break through thickets of elephant grass 4–6 m high even in the dry season. And in rainy times, even wild elephants, buffaloes and other large animals hide from the water on the nearby hills. Thickets and rare trees interspersed in Kaziranga with marshy swamps, with lakes, overgrown with water lilies or water hyacinth (hyacinth was brought to India from South America and spread so quickly that it replaced other species). The most remarkable animal of the park is the rhinoceros, for the sake of which, in fact, the park was created. Mighty animals have no enemies except humans (although tigers love to eat rhino cubs). Previously, rhinos were found in abundance in the swamps along the banks. In the 750th century, Timur hunted rhinos near the border of Kashmir; in the 400th century, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, Babur, caught these animals near the Indus. But by the beginning of the XNUMXth century, rhinos survived only in Assam, North Bengal and Nepal. Of the XNUMX armored rhinos living in the world, more than XNUMX live in Kazirang. The rhinoceros has become a rare species because of the belief in its miraculous healing power. Even in ancient times, in the countries of East Asia, thick animal skins were used to make shields for warriors. Asians believed that the powder from crushed rhinoceros horn increases male potency. It was said that in a bowl made of horn, a poisoned drink begins to foam if poison is poured into its contents. It was believed that the horn of a rhinoceros, placed under the bed of a woman in labor, relieves her pain. The blood of the rhinoceros is also highly valued, pieces of skin and bones of the animal are worn as amulets that protect against diseases. In a word, the rhinoceros has become a profitable object, so it is very difficult to fight poachers. Owners of rhinoceros horn can make good money by renting it out for $50. A teaspoon of horn infusion can be bought for $1. The armored rhinoceros is the largest animal in Asia after the elephant. It weighs up to 2,5 tons, and the height at the shoulders is up to 2 m. Its naked thick skin is divided by folds into large plates hanging like a shell, and the tail and ears are decorated with tassels of hard hair. The only horn on the nose is up to 60 cm long, it consists of a layered mass of horny fibers. However, the Indian rhinoceros, unlike the African, only sometimes uses its horn as a weapon. In order to protect the rhinoceros, it uses the fangs of the lower jaw, but it was the horn that caused the sharp decline in the population of this animal. Rhinos, especially a female with a baby, living in the park, are sometimes dangerous. An annoyed rhinoceros may rush at a riding elephant. In this case, it is best for the elephant to remain in place, then the rhinoceros, without reaching a few steps, will stop, and then go to the side. The rhinoceros can run at speeds up to 35-40 km / h, jumping over ditches. Most of the time, rhinos live alone in an area of about 4 thousand square meters. m, marking its territory with heaps of litter up to 70 cm high. In the water you can see several rhinoceroses lying nearby. However, when the rhinos come ashore, they become not so friendly, they immediately begin to sort things out and fight. Old animals, completely safe for humans, have to leave the battlefield defeated - to leave the park closer to the villages. The female matures for breeding at 3-4 years of age, the male at 7-9 years of age. After 16,5 months, one cub weighing about 65 kg is born without a horn and with a piglet muzzle. Rhinos live for about 70 years. There are many other animals in Kaziranga: wild elephants, tigers, leopards, wild Asian buffaloes, wild gaur bulls, barasinga deer, axis deer, pig deer, bears, wild boars. Wild elephants (there are about 400 of them in Kaziranga) serve as a source of replenishment of riding elephants in the national park. Gaura is the largest wild bull in Asia, almost a black bull is extremely rare. In India, gaurs, when crossed with domestic cows, give fertile offspring - gayala. Barasinga deer are amber-yellow or golden-brown in color with blurry light spots, very cautious. In Kaziranga, the only large population of this species has survived. There are several times more pig deer with a short head and thick neck in Kazirang than barasinga. They are short (60–75 cm), stocky. There are about a hundred species of birds in the national park. Huge nests-colonies (out of 40–50 nests) are arranged on the tops of trees by gray pelicans, marabou storks settle. There are many cormorants and spoonbills here. Of the local birds in the marshes of Kazirangi, egrets and mynas are common. There are wild chickens. Vultures are circling over the expanses of the reserve in search of food. Small purple sunflowers flutter through flowering trees and shrubs. There are many bulbuls, colorful birds, long-tailed and colorful thymels, very reminiscent of our thrushes, as well as Indian lapwings. Among the thickets of water lilies and other above-water plants, yakans, relatives of waders, roam. Terns hunt over open water lakes. Several tens of thousands of northern ducks and other northern migratory birds winter in the Kazirangi swamps. Author: Yudina N.A.
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