|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
TOURIST ADVICE
Orientation in time. Travel Tips
Although, unlike space, in time, people can only move in one direction and at one speed, the ability navigate in time hasn't bothered anyone yet. Watches, like any mechanism created by people, break too often to be relied upon outside the reach of a watchmaker. And the sun, moon, stars show time for billions of years without stopping and never once failed. Let's start with a few numbers. The earth moves at a speed of 29,8 km/sec in an orbit 930 million km long. The inclination of the earth's axis relative to the plane of rotation is 66 ° 5 ". It determines the maximum angle of elevation of the Sun above the horizon and leads to a change in seasons. The period of revolution of the Earth around the Sun is 365 days and 6 hours. These same 6 hours lead to the need to arrange every 4 years leap year. The duration of the true (solar) day, i.e. of the day along with the night, during the year it changes somewhat depending on the time interval between the returns of the Sun to the meridian. The longest true day occurs on December 22, they are 22 seconds longer than the shortest true day on June 51,2. Well, the truth is that such accuracy is needed more in an observatory than in a forest. On March 21, the Sun is at its zenith at the equator, it rises exactly in the east and sets exactly in the west - this is the day of the vernal equinox, the astronomical beginning of spring "morning of the year". June 22 is the summer solstice. The sun departs from the equator to the north by 23'5 "this day is the longest, the sun rises to the maximum height for this latitude. Astronomical summer from June 22 to September 23. September 23 is the autumnal equinox. The sun rises in the east again December 22 is the winter solstice. The shortest day Astronomical winter from December 22 to March 21. Everything is very simple. To conduct accurate observations of the Sun and determine the date, all that remains is to build something similar in size to an Egyptian pyramid and you will be perfectly oriented in months, weeks and even days. To determine the hours and minutes, you can get by with simpler devices. Determination of time by the Sun
At 24 o'clock the Sun is in the north, do not rush to smile, the sun is not visible everywhere "at night". In the circumpolar regions at midnight, it simply occupies the lowest position above the horizon. In the equatorial regions, the opposite is true. Determining west or east at sunset or dawn is very simple. But at noon it can be both in the north and in the south. Determining the time by the sun and compass
Just remember that the Sun moves across the sky at a speed of 15 degrees per hour. In order to determine the time using a compass, we measure the azimuth to the sun, let's say it is 90 °. Then 90 ° should be divided by 15 ° per hour, we get 6. For Russia, it is necessary to take into account the standard time, i.e. add 1 hour, in addition, almost all countries of the northern hemisphere now introduce summer time for the summer period, i.e. one more hour added. So plus one hour (daylight savings time) and we get 7 hours. Or, for example, the azimuth on the Sun is 180 °, which means the time will be 12 hours + 1 hour (for daylight saving time) = 13 hours. Determination of time by the moon
Some introductory information. The lunar month is somewhat less than usual for Europeans and is 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes, i.e. The phases of the moon follow each other for about 29.5 days.
Determining the time by the moon and compass
Let's say the moon arrives. Let's direct the north on the compass limb to the Moon (letter C to the Moon), count the degrees from the northern end of the magnetic needle to this direction. We get the azimuth of the Moon (ex. 270) then divide it by 15 and add 1 270 / 15 = 18 18 + 1 = 19 We determine that the visible part of the Moon is 5 parts of its diameter, on the basis that the full disk is 12 parts. Then we add them 19 + 5 = 24 and this is the time we are interested in. If sum > 24 subtract 24 from it.
В full moon should do exactly the same. For example, azimuth = 90 90 / 12 = 6 6 + 1 = 7 7 + 12 = 19 - i.e. now 19 hours (7 pm)
And if the moon decreases, we must do the same, but subtract the count in fractions of the visible disk of the moon. Orientation in time by the stars Determination of time by the constellation Ursa Major
Each star and any point in the sky makes a full circle in 23 hours and 56 minutes. Sidereal days are the basic unit of time, and their duration remains constant all the time. Sidereal time is unsuitable for calculation due to the fact that the beginning of a sidereal day during the year goes to different times of the day or night. When the constellation is at the bottom conditionally corresponds to 6 hours. Star clock hand., because. Since all the stars revolve in the sky not exactly 24 hours, but ~4 minutes faster, then the readings of sidereal hours decrease by 1 conventional hour every month. Therefore, the hand of the dial of the star clock shows at midnight
Let's say that a traveler decides to find out when midnight will be on November 7th. From the table, he will determine that November 7 is between October 22 and November 22, and on this day the hand of the sidereal clock should show 4.5 conventional hours. Determining how much time is on the road is even easier. What time does the star clock show at the beginning and at the end To convert star hours into real ones, you need to double the resulting number. The hand of the star clock shows 1 arb. hour. According to the table, we find that at midnight 7.11. The hand showed 4.5 hours. Therefore, 4.5-1=3.5 standard hours. =7 hours If the hour hand shows 6.5 arb. hours, then 4.5+12=16.5 16.5-6.5=10 arb. hours=20h i.e. 8 pm Another way to define. Let's assume that the hand of the sidereal clock shows 6.5 conventional hours. Let's find the ordinal number of the month from the beginning of the year with tenths that have elapsed from the beginning of this month (every 3 days counts as 1/10 of the month), for example. September 12 \u9.4d 2 The resulting number is added to the indications of the star hour and multiplied by XNUMX. (6.5 + 9.4) * 2 = 31 This number must be subtracted from some constant for the celestial arrow. Ursa Major has 55.3, i.e. 55.3 - 31 = 23.5 If, after subtraction, you get a number greater than 24, then you need to subtract 24 from it. You can take other heavenly arrows, for example. Ursa Minor (the brightest star) its constant number is 59.1 Determining time by the movement of stars The culmination of the North Star happens at different times of the year at different hours. Whether or not there is a climax is immaterial for timing, and so both climaxes can be generalized by adding one per hour (daylight saving time)
This is the simplest. Imagine that the stars rotate on a dial with one hand and on which it is not 12, but 24 hours. Now, having a compass, we detect the azimuth to the Sun at the beginning and end of the time period, divide the difference by 15. If there is no compass, then the length of time can be determined by the "star hours". Again, we note their readings at the beginning and at the end, and multiply the difference by 2. For plants and birds If neither the sun nor the moon is visible in the sky, telling the time becomes difficult. In this case, you will be helped by plants and birds, which tend to start their active life at certain hours. It should be noted that the table below is valid only for good, stable weather. Those. during or before inclement weather, flowers may not bloom, but this does not mean at all that the sun will not rise that day.
▪ Sextant
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024 New method for creating powerful batteries
08.05.2024 Alcohol content of warm beer
07.05.2024
▪ Roccat Torch studio grade USB microphone ▪ Worm blood transfusion to human ▪ Nissan pavilion with a demonstration of green technologies ▪ Spent spacecraft stages are returning ▪ Thermonuclear fusion with a magnetized target
▪ site section Measuring equipment. Article selection ▪ Article Fundamentals of hunting in conditions of autonomous survival. Fundamentals of safe life ▪ article What is sophism? Detailed answer ▪ Sandstorm article. Travel Tips
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page