Forced idle economizer. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Forced idle economizer. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

One of the reliable ways to increase the efficiency of an automobile gasoline engine is to equip the carburetor with a forced idle economizer (EPKhK). This system is used to automatically cut off the fuel supply in engine braking mode.

The econometer also allows you to significantly reduce the operating costs of fuel. It displays the amount of vacuum in the intake manifold. This indicator allows you to judge the efficiency of the selected engine operation mode.

Rice. 1. Vacuum sensor with micro switches (on the side view, the adjusting nut and pressure discs are conditionally not shown) (click to enlarge): 1 - housing, 2 - membrane, 3 - cover, 4 - stem, 5 - spring, 6 - adjusting nut , 7, 8 - pressure plates, 9 - cambric, 10 - bracket, 11, 12 - microswitches

These improvements are united by the fact that a common vacuum sensor in the intake pipe can be used for the operation of both devices, it is advisable to do them at the same time.

Let's start with the econometer. Such devices are produced in a small industrial series. It is difficult to buy them, and the arrow pointer is not very convenient to use. The scale of the device is divided into three zones: a large vacuum, when the engine is running at high speeds, the throttle is covered, for example, when braking the engine: the minimum, characteristic of a fully open throttle; and zones of average vacuum values, at which the engine operates in the most economical mode. The light indicator in this case is more rational. And you can do it like this.

Forced idle economizer
Rice. 2. System Wiring Diagram

Three signal lamps with colored glasses are mounted on the instrument panel in the driver's field of vision: red, green and blue. The glow corresponding to the operating mode of the engine "eye" is carried out using switches. They are controlled by a simple diaphragm vacuum sensor connected by a hose to the intake manifold. (On vehicles with a vacuum brake booster - through a tee - with a booster hose.)

The vacuum sensor consists of a housing 1, a membrane 2 and a cover 3, forming a membrane box. Membrane rod 4 is a 70 mm long stud with M4 external thread along its entire length. It is equipped with two pressure disks 7 and 8 and, together with the membrane, is pressed against the cover by a spring through an adjusting nut 6. The end of the thread is closed with a cambric tube 9 and passed into the guide hole of the bracket 10, on which two switches 11 and 12 of the MP 3-1 type are fixed.

Rice. 3. Vacuum sensor based on the ART-2 relay (click to enlarge): 1 - housing, 2 - bellows, 3 - rod, 4 - lever bar, 5 - base. 6 - contact groups (from an electromagnetic relay), 7 - cover (plexiglass), 6 - M2 screws, 9 - rubber gasket, 10 - bracket, 11 - insulating rod

With a small vacuum under the membrane, the rod under the action of the spring occupies the upper position, pressing the disk 8 on the switch button 11. When the vacuum increases, the membrane, compressing the spring, slightly lowers the rod, the disk 8 moves away from the switch button. A further increase in vacuum causes the rod to move to a position in which disk 7 presses the button of the lower switch.

The body and cover are turned on a lathe from an aluminum or brass billet. The diaphragm is cut out of varnished fabric or the membrane of an automobile gasoline pump. The spring (6-7 turns with outer d 10-12 mm) is wound from steel wire d 1 mm. Its elasticity should be such that when the vacuum under the diaphragm is 0,7-0,8 kg/cm2, the deformation is 4-6 mm. The bracket blank is cut from a 1-1,5 mm thick steel plate, drilled and bent as shown in the figure.

Forced idle economizer
Rice. 4. Scheme of the system with a sensor on ART-2

The terminals of the switches are connected to the signal lights according to the diagram shown in Figure 2. Thus, at the maximum vacuum in the intake pipe (forced idle, movement with a covered throttle or air damper), the blue light will be on; when driving at maximum load (throttle fully open), red will light up, in the most economical mode - only green.

Before installation on the car, the sensor is adjusted so that the switch 11 operates at a pressure of 0,1-0,2 kg/cm2, and the switch 12 - at 0,6-0,7 kg/cm2. A properly adjusted instrument should work like this. With uniform movement along a horizontal section of the highway with 1-2 passengers at a speed of 80-85 km / h, a green light is on. At the slightest acceleration, it goes out, and the red one turns on. If, without disengaging the gear, release the gas - the blue lamp will light up, and as the speed decreases to 20-30 km / h - green. When the engine is idling, the green light should be on, when the accelerator pedal is pressed sharply, it should be red, and when it is abruptly reset, it should be blue. Focusing on these indicators, it is easy to develop the most economical driving style when the econometer is green.

This sensor also has a small drawback. Since the switches themselves, when pressing and releasing the buttons, require some effort, which is not the same for forward and reverse motion, sometimes there is a small variation in readings (by about 0,08 kg / cm2 or 10 km / h - in speed).

The second version of the sensor, shown in Figure 3, does not have this minus. Its design uses parts from the ART-2 temperature relay from a household compression refrigerator and contact groups from an electric relay.

The sensor consists of a body 1 with a bellows 2 from ART-2, a rod 3, a lever 4, a base 5 with contact groups 6 and a cover 7. Two contact groups are attached to the base with M2 screws through a rubber gasket 9. A bracket 10 is soldered to the lever, acting ends on the middle contacts through the insulating rods 11.

In the manufacture of such a sensor is also quite simple. The base is cut from a steel plate 1-1,5 mm thick; the lever bar is made of brass, 0,2-0,3 mm thick, and the rod is made of a strip of brass or copper 0,5-1,0 mm thick. It is soldered in the center of the bellows and protrudes 2 mm above it.

During installation, the contact groups are mounted on the base so that one of them switches when the bracket moves down, and the second - when it moves up. Cover 7 can be used from thermal relay ART-2. The electrical connection diagram is shown in Figure 4. When assembling, the bracket bends: the right contact group, pushing the bracket up, closes to the upper contacts, and the left one - in the free state - also closes the upper contacts. As the vacuum increases over 0,1-0,2 kg / cm2, the lower part of the bracket will move away from the right group. At a pressure of 0,6-0,7 kg / cm2, the left group of contacts will switch.

Forced idle economizer
Rice. 5. Refinement of the shut-off solenoid valve for installation in the EPHH system: A - further processing of the valve body; B - grinding the needle; B - adapter

The actuation moment is set rough by bending the bracket, and precisely by tightening the fixing screws 8 - due to the deformation of the rubber gasket 9.

Both designs of vacuum sensors provide for the possibility of connecting an electric shut-off valve of the idling system, that is, equipping the engine with a forced idle economizer system (EPKhK). The engines of VAZ 2103 cars are equipped with such a valve, but it is used only for forced shutdown of the idling system with the ignition off. If the engine is supplemented with the proposed devices, then the car is simultaneously equipped with the EPHH system.

A set of shut-off valve with electromagnetic control is supplied to spare parts, and after a slight alteration it can be installed on a DAAZ 2101-11-1107010-11 carburetor. To do this, the body is shortened by 12 mm, the M12x1,25 thread is cut (Fig. 5), the locking needle is ground with fine sandpaper to a diameter of 1,4 mm, and an adapter is made.

When assembling, the needle is inserted into the body, and then the adapter is screwed on. If the connection is not tight enough, install a 0,5 mm thick paronite gasket. The assembled jet is installed in place of the plug that closes the idle jet. The needle should cover its end hole, and when voltage is applied to the solenoid winding of the valve, move away from it and freely pass fuel.

The developed system "Light econometer - EPHH" has been operated on the car "Moskvich-2140" since 1981 and has proven itself well. Its use allowed to reduce fuel consumption by 1,5-2 l/100 km. The tendency of the engine to self-ignite the mixture after the ignition is turned off has been eliminated. The EPHX valve forced shutdown toggle switch allows you to neutralize the system while adjusting the carburetor and use it as an anti-theft agent.

Author: B.Kobtsev

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