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PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Introcycle. Personal transport
Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air In October 1996, the 65th anniversary of the system of children's technical creativity was celebrated in Udmurtia. Back in 1931, the first children's technical station was opened in Izhevsk, which later received the status of a republican one. Over the years, many students of RSUT have become Heroes of the Soviet Union, doctors of technical sciences, honored workers of science and culture, executives of industrial enterprises, masters of sports. The best works of 236 young technicians from Udmurtia were awarded medals of VDNKh of the USSR, many leaders were awarded gold and silver medals, received the title of NTTM laureates, 42 pupils became participants in international exhibitions in Japan, France, Germany, Belgium and other countries. Today, there are 82 circles here: initial technical modeling, aircraft, rocket, ship, car modeling, radio, clothing design, go-karting, hang gliding, in which more than a thousand children and teenagers are engaged. All-Russian competitions in technical sports are regularly held on the basis of RSUT. At present, the staff of the Republican station is headed by its former pupil, an excellent student of public education in Russia Viktor Vasilyevich Pryakhin. Under his leadership, a lot of work is being done at the RSUT to train and improve the skills of teachers of labor training and teachers of the system of additional education. It is interesting to note that most of them are former junior technicians. Since 1958, with the assistance of the RSUT, clubs for young technicians began to open in the republic at industrial enterprises, well-equipped and able to attract the most creative forces from among engineers and workers to work with children. And today, in our difficult time, great concern for the younger generation is shown in the clubs of young technicians created on the basis of the famous Izhmash: "Avtomobilist", "Electron", "Planet", "Zarya" - now passed under the auspices of the RSUT. Among the best collectives can be called the Children's House of Culture and the SYUT of the city of Glazov, headed by the respectively honored worker of culture N.I. Pashkova and V.M. Novykh. These institutions have good premises, well-equipped laboratories and workshops. The museum of the Children's House of Culture enjoys great popularity, in which the most interesting works of children throughout the existence of the House are preserved and exhibited. For more than half a century, excellent pedagogical teams have been working at the Mozhginskaya, Sarapulskaya, and Kezskaya stations. Thanks to the attention of local authorities and the efforts of the directors S.G. Khrustalev (SUT of Votkinsk) and AC Rodionov (SUT of the village of Igra), these children's institutions received new premises and equipment. The caring attitude towards children's technical creativity in Udmurtia is a good example for the leaders of many regions of Russia. After all, thanks to this, many problems are being solved here, and the main one is the problem of employment of children and adolescents, and as a result, a decrease in the level of juvenile delinquency.
The republic itself became the center of amateur technical creativity of youth. In confirmation of the latter, the editors are planning a number of publications based on the materials of the Udmurt masters. The article "In harness - introcycle" is the first of them. The introcycle is an unusual vehicle and therefore very attractive to teenagers. Our machine was designed and manufactured by schoolchildren of the 5th and 6th grades in the circle "Designing small-sized equipment" of the club of young technicians "Planet". Its original version in the form of a classic unicycle turned out to be too unstable and unsafe to operate, it could only be used in a circus. Therefore, I had to stop at a three-bearing scheme with a "breaking" frame. Of course, it is impossible to call such an apparatus an introcycle in the literal sense of the word, since its inner rim is connected to the trolley, and the outer one is used as a mover. The very first tests of our offspring confirmed the correctness of the approach to its design (however, there were still a lot of errors and improvements). Today, a car with a mass of 80 kg and an engine power of 1,3 hp. develops speed up to 35 km / h, has a good load capacity (100 kg), stability and maneuverability. The basis of the design is a unicycle and a trolley, pivotally connected to each other by a rotary carriage. The first has inner and outer rims mutually held relative to each other by one leading and three free rollers. An engine with a gas tank, steering system units and a driver's seat are fixed on the inner rim. The most difficult wheel assembly to manufacture was the outer rim. This is due to the fact that the titanium ring was taken as a basis from a decommissioned aircraft turbojet engine. It is covered by another, bent from two identical duralumin profiles fastened with a steel strip. To connect the profile and titanium rings, a tendor was temporarily welded to the steel strip in the area of the ends, which, after tight compression of the rings and welding of the strip joint, was cut off. As a "tire" of the wheel, a rubber-fabric conveyor belt is used, which is attached to the rim along the entire length with evenly spaced bolts. Steel fingers 5 mm in diameter are inserted into the left (in the direction of travel) rim profile, designed to engage with the drive roller drive gear. The wheel cage consists of a three-section inner rim and rollers. Sections are interconnected by bolts, two of them simultaneously serve as shafts of free rollers. The latter rotate on bearings mounted on shafts through eccentrics, on the ends of which grooves are cut for the mating slots of the restrictive bushings. This design allows you to adjust the position of the rollers relative to the outer rim, you just need to turn the eccentrics with restrictive bushings. Rim sections are made of standard duralumin rectangular tubes - door profiles. The connection of the drive wheel with the swivel carriage is made in the form of a kind of "spider", where the "legs" are brackets and rods, and the "torso" is the body of the carriage itself. This system securely holds the wheel both when driving in a straight line and when cornering, when there are additional lateral forces. The passenger's protective shield is also attached to the "spider". The cart resembles a sports horse-drawn carriage used on the run. It consists of a bridge with wheels from a kart and a rack, united by three pairs of rods and struts. The rack, welded from two steel pipes, in turn, is connected by two pairs of rods and struts to the bearing housings of the swivel carriage. The trolley has a passenger seat and a footrest-shield, which also serves to fasten the ends of the cable of the machine control system. The bogie bridge is a beam (pipe) of rectangular section. Two axle shafts of the wheels are inserted into its cavity and tightened with bolts. The holes drilled in the beam are designed for attaching rods, struts, seat arches and footrests. The rotary carriage plays the role of both a hinge and the turning mechanism itself due to the fact that a tilting disk is installed on its shaft, which acts as a lever when the cable is tensioned. The D6 engine is equipped with a forced air cooling device, a shortened muffler pipe and is adapted to be started from the starter of the Druzhba-4 chainsaw. It is attached to the inner rim by means of a platform and two bicycle frame imitators welded to it. To adjust the chain tension on the platform there are devices that allow you to move it relative to the rim. Air cooling of the engine is provided by installing on a small gear (from the side of the clutch discs) instead of a puller of the simplest centrifugal supercharger in the casing, and starting from the starter is by replacing the eccentric attachment on the ignition cover with a ratchet. The torque from the engine is transmitted by the chain to the pinion (z=29) of the drive roller. In this case, the second leading (z=33) gear engages with the fingers of the outer rim, thereby bringing it into rotation. Cable control system of the device. It consists of a steering wheel, a steering drum, guide rollers, a tilting disc and a cable with a tendor to adjust its tension. All units are mounted on the inner rim, with the exception of the tilting disc. The cable, wound on the drum, passes through the guide rollers, bends around the tilting disc and is fixed on the bottom surface of the footplate. The turning moment is created on the steering wheel. The force from it is reduced by the drum, changes its direction on the rollers and works on a shoulder equal to the radius of the tilting disk. In this case, the drum rotates, shortening one and lengthening its other branch. The introcycle is braked by a device similar in design to the brake of a children's bicycle of the "Bunny" type. The force generated by the handle mounted on the steering wheel is transmitted by a cable to the block pressed against the inner surface of the outer rim of the front wheel. The appearance of our car on the street still causes extraordinary interest in both children and adults. And how much joy it brings to those who drive it or just ride as a passenger! Author: R.Cherepnev
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