Electrokart. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Electrokart. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

Numerous experiments to create a kart with an electric drive have so far led to the emergence of machines that, due to their speed qualities, can only become educational, not racing. After analyzing the design flaws, we tried to create an electric map (Fig. 1). capable of becoming a competitor to traditional, with an internal combustion engine.

The advantages of electric karting are obvious, but it makes sense to list them again. Traditional karting is a seasonal sport, while the transition of racing cars to electric traction will make it all-season, independent of the weather and season. The organization of competitions on such micro-cars in indoor areas will allow the cultivation of this most interesting sport in the northern regions of our country, and racing in the presence of numerous spectators will make this sport even more popular.

To create a racing electric kart, it was necessary to ensure that a number of rather stringent requirements were met in one design. Among them, the use of the most energy-intensive batteries, as well as an electric motor with maximum efficiency. It was not easy to solve the problem of optimal coordination of engine characteristics with the capabilities of batteries and road conditions.

Here is a small comparative analysis of the engines used on electric maps. On the machine "HADI-electro" ("M-K", 1977, No. 10), a motor of the D-2500 type of sequential excitation was used. Its power is 2,5 kW at a nominal rotor speed of 1800 rpm. Supply voltage - 24 V, current consumption - up to 400 A. Motor weight - 11,5 kg. A kart equipped with such an engine and a twelve-volt battery could reach speeds of up to 20 km/h.

The characteristics of the car developed by the experimental laboratory of microcars of the Kursk Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren look somewhat different. The drive of this kart is a CT-8 type electric motor (car starter) of sequential excitation. Its power is 0,98 kW, the shaft speed is 1500 rpm. supply voltage - 12 V. Average current consumption - about 100 A. The engine was modified - bearings were replaced, the reliability of the brush mechanism was increased, forced ventilation was introduced.

Electrokart
Rice. 1. The layout of the electric map: 1 - rear axle driven sprocket, 2 - chain, 3 - rear axle, 4 - brake actuator, 5 - brake disc, 6 - battery, 7 - brake master cylinder, 8 - clutch pedal, 9 - brake pedal, 10 - travel pedal, 11 - shift knob, 12 - electric motor, 13 - double row chain, 14 gearbox

Rice. 2. The main components of the electric map (click to enlarge): 1 - brake disc, 2 - battery, 3 - electric motor control system, 4 - four-speed gearbox, 5 - clutch, 6 - two-row bush-roller chain, 7 - electric motor, 8 - electric fan, 9 - gearshift lever, 10 - accelerator pedal, 11 - brake pedal, 12 - clutch pedal, 13 - brake master cylinder

On our map, an electric motor of the MU-1000 type is installed. It is a reversible motor with series excitation. It is able to work in a long-term mode at a supply voltage of 18 V and in a short-term-repeated mode - at a supply voltage of 24 V. Power - 1700 W (about 2,3 hp) at a rotor speed of 6000 rpm. The average current consumption in the rated operating mode is 35 A at 24 V. The mass of the engine is 5,2 kg.

The current source is an alkaline silver-zinc storage battery assembled from SCK-45 elements. The characteristics of each battery are as follows: the electromotive force of a normally charged battery is 1,85 V, after removing 30% of the capacity, it decreases to 1,55 V, after which the nominal capacity in a five-hour discharge mode is 45 Ah. Continuous discharge current up to 753 A. Figure 3 shows a graph of battery capacity versus discharge current.

We connected 15 "cans" of SCK-45 in series and thus obtained a battery weighing about 15 kg with overall dimensions of 432X129 mm. The duration of the engine operation with such a battery at a rated discharge current of 135 A is 15 minutes.

The battery is mounted on a 20x20 mm angle steel frame mounted behind the kart seat. The electric motor is fixed to the kart frame to the right of the driver with a steel bracket.

One of the main features of the machine is the use of a four-speed gearbox. The connection between it and the engine, as well as between the box and the rear axle - using a bush-roller chain with a pitch of 12,7 mm. Such a construction of a kinematic connection between the engine and the wheels allows you to choose the most favorable gear ratio for any driving modes, that is, it makes it possible to coordinate the rated torque on the shaft and the rated speed. This is a necessary condition for the engine to operate with maximum efficiency under loads that depend on the characteristics of the race track, the weight of the driver, the kart, and the diameter of the rear wheels. The gear ratio of the gearbox, as well as the selection of the driving and driven sprockets, is carried out experimentally, in the process of passing the machine through a measured section - for example, one lap of a racing distance.

Rice. 3. Chart of battery capacity versus discharge current when operating at full load

Electrokart
Rice. 4. Schematic diagram of electrical equipment map

Figure 4 shows the wiring diagram of the card. Its engine is switched on remotely, using a KM-200D contactor. Voltage is applied to the winding when the button connected to the "gas" pedal is closed. A contactor of this kind works quite reliably even with a low battery voltage (up to 19 V) at the moment of maximum current consumption by the electric motor. The speed of the electric kart is controlled by periodically switching the engine on and off. The scheme also provides for the use of reverse gear - engine reverse. The reverse lever is mounted on the steering column.

The electric kart is currently undergoing road tests. Already the first estimates showed that our design ideas were basically realized in this high-speed and silent machine. The speed of the kart reaches 40 km/h. and the battery charge is enough for the passage of a standard racing distance.

Author: A.Lastovkin

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