Hang glider BS-3. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Hang glider BS-3. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

Before the construction of the trike, we tried to collect and classify the technical data of all devices of a similar rear, created in the USSR and abroad. But the information was extremely scarce. The experience of using knapsack air propulsion was not very suitable for hang gliders; the location of the propeller behind the back of the athlete significantly reduces its efficiency compared to working in an open stream: the so-called "shading" affects. Since our creative team, which worked at the youth club "Luch" of one of the ZhEKs of the capital, consisted mainly of guys who graduated from the flying club, it was decided to build an apparatus with aerodynamic control with the pilot seated. Hence the need to equip it with a landing gear.

To solve the task, it was necessary to design a rigid platform made of duralumin pipes, carrying a dome mounting pylon, sub-frame, pilot seat, landing gear, controls and a tubular frame for mounting the rudders and elevators. We knew that the installation of rudders and ailerons on a hang glider, located directly on the canopy according to the traditional aircraft scheme, does not give positive results. This circumstance is explained by the reaction of the soft wing (the so-called "reverse") to a change in the position of the rudders in the stream. Therefore, we decided to push the rudders forward, into the zone of undisturbed flow. The result was an apparatus resembling a duck-type aircraft (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Scheme of a trike (click to enlarge)

Located under the front node of the triangular dome, the rudder with an area of 0,5 m2 and the front landing gear are controlled by foot pedals, the elevator with an area of 1,1 m2 is controlled by an aircraft-type handle. Wiring - cable, through conventional blocks to the rudder and through the Differential mechanism - to the elevator. To control the roll, the rear edge of the dome is pulled up by the bridles and acts as ailerons. The pilot's seat is a lightweight type from a sports aircraft. It is equipped with seat belts with one waist and two shoulder girths, covered with foam rubber to mitigate shocks during takeoff and landing.

The frame of the canopy and the structure supporting it must have a significant excess of strength compared to similar elements of a conventional hang glider, since a motor hang glider is subjected to much greater loads.

The dome should be made of high-strength and airtight material - dacron, lavsan, or in extreme cases - AZT fabric. It is advisable to give preference to modern, pre-profiled types of domes, for example, the hang-glider "Albatross" by A. Ryabtsev (see "MK" No. 5, 1979).

Engine from the motorcycle "Izh-Planeta-Sport" 350 cm3, with a rated power of about 20 hp. With. at 3800 rpm. No fine-tuning or forcing was done to save the motor resource. Fuel is supplied by gravity from a transparent (easy to control!) five-liter tank located on a pylon above the engine. Screw - pushing Ø 1000 mm.

Rice. 2. General view of the trike BS-3 designed by S. Belikov (click to enlarge): 1 - canopy, 2 - aerodynamic rudder, 3 - aerodynamic elevator, 4 - struts of the front part of the farm, 5 - foot control pedals, 6 - bow landing gear wheel, 7 - control handle, 8 - pilot seat back, 9 - main truss post, 10 - struts of the transverse frame tube, 11 longitudinal frame tube, 12 - transverse frame tube, 13 - side tubes of the frame, 14 - VMG, 15 - struts of the subframe, 16 - struts of the frame (base), 17 - side wheel of the chassis, 18 - base frame. Keel and side pockets are conditionally not shown

Rice. 3. Drawing of a propeller (click to enlarge)

The instrumentation consists of altitude and speed indicators (US-250, converted for low flight speeds) and a glider-type variometer. The latter can be replaced by a thermistor variometer designed by S. Kazantsev. Flying without instruments on a hang glider is UNACCEPTABLE!

To control the operation of the motor, it is desirable to have a tachometer and a cylinder head temperature gauge.

The very first flights made it possible to reveal the peculiar features of the apparatus we had built. They should be taken into account by everyone who decides to repeat our experiment.

Flight recommendations

The first thing to firmly remember is that only those pilots who have completed their training at the DOSAAF flying club (on an airplane or glider) and can fly ordinary hang gliders can fly on a BS-3 trike.

Secondly, successful trike flights can only be guaranteed if the following preparatory exercises are consistently performed: 1 - taxiing at different speeds; 2 - approaches, 3 - flights in a straight line; 4 - flights with 45-90° turns; 5 - flights over the site along a rectangular route, with 90° turns, with takeoff and landing strictly against the wind.

The most favorable meteorological conditions for performing all these exercises are an even wind of a constant direction, with a force of not more than 5 m / s. Exercises must be performed on a flat area or airfield with a length of at least 800 m with good approaches, that is, without high fences, trees or buildings in the take-off and landing direction.

1. Taxiing. Having installed the device strictly against the wind and choosing a well-marked landmark on the edge of the site (you can put a flag for this), start moving by smoothly giving gas to the motor. Keep the direction to the landmark by timely pressing the pedal: when deviating to the left - with the right pedal, when deviating to the right - with the left. Repeat the exercise until the movement is mastered strictly in a straight line to the selected landmark. The stick is held in the neutral position (the elevator is horizontal).

After that, you can gradually increase the speed of the runs, bringing the apparatus to a state of "weightlessness", when the lifting force of the dome approaches the weight of the apparatus. From this moment begins the development of approaches.

2. Approaches. The moment of takeoff from the ground, well known to hang glider pilots, is determined on a motor hang glider by the cessation of shaking and shocks transmitted to the structure from the chassis. The device seems to hang for a moment in the air. The takeoff speed (according to the instrument) is in the range of 40-45 km/h. At this moment, you need to hold the throttle control lever, and give the handle a little away from you in order to prevent the device from gaining altitude and keep it at a height of no more than 0,5-0,8 m from the ground. The resulting rolls are parried by small deviations of the handle to the right and left, although the need for such actions rarely arises - the device is very stable on takeoff. As you master the exercise, the height of the approach can be increased first to 1 m, and then - if the length of the site allows - up to 2-3 m, but in such a way that after landing the hang glider stops no closer than 30-50 m from obstacles at the end of the site. Taxiing back to the starting point should be done at minimum speed.

Landing after approaching is carried out by bringing the device to the ground at a speed of 40 - 45 km / h using the device for a short holding at a height of 0,3-0,5 m and landing with an energetic movement of the handle towards yourself in order to move the canopy to large angles and prevent the device from hit the ground hard. Landing with a raised nose wheel, on the two main wheels of the landing gear, should not be considered a mistake - such landings are characteristic of hang gliding pilots. Three-point landings are closer to aircraft pilots. The rate of vertical descent of the apparatus at the time of landing is very low, and the run practically does not exceed 5-10 m.

Depending on the shape and size of the site, after mastering the approaches, you can proceed to "snake" flights, with turns of 45 ° and 90 ° at a height of up to 25 m, to master the behavior of a trike in a curved flight. Compared to known aircraft, such as airplanes and gliders, the hang glider is more inert, and turns on it are carried out with small rolls, "pancake".

Author: S.Belikov

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