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PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
Microtractor station wagon. Personal transport
Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air I'll start with a list of basic blanks that you need to have before you start and work. You will need a metal sheet 4x200x600 and two sheets 1x300x800 mm, strips 3x25x1800 mm, pipes Ø48, 38, 25,4, 26,8, 21 mm (length, respectively, 6000, 1200, 1000, 1500, 4000 mm), bars Ø50 and 100 mm by 800 mm long. Of the finished parts and assemblies (purchased, from decommissioned agricultural machinery), you will need sprockets with a number of teeth of 13, 20, 54 and a pitch of 19,05 mm and corresponding chains, a pair of pulleys from the mower reel for brake clutches, wheels or metal disks for them Ø 600 mm . From the C3A motorized stroller, use the final drive with a differential, cardan joints, silencer. The engine is from the Tula-200 scooter. I should note that any of these details can be replaced without much damage by other - appropriate ones. Including the engine, but subject to one condition - a power of at least 10 liters. With. and the presence of forced airflow. Suitable, for example, the engine from C3A.
To ensure the simplicity and reliability of the ignition system, it is better to abandon the battery and generator and put a magneto from the starting engine of the Belarus tractor. Frame "Kaluzhanina" is welded, from pipes of the diameters listed above. In its front part there is a footrest that serves as a support for the driver's legs, a transverse corner is welded on top for attaching the clutch handles and metal strips for installing a seat with a backrest, and on the bottom - wheel bearing housings. In addition, on the lower power pipes there are pillows for the bearing housings of the differential and intermediate shaft semi-axes, brackets for the axle of the rocker arm of mounted implements. On the rear pipe there are headscarves for mounting the main gear and a vertical bracket on which the engine is suspended on an axle-bolt: in front it rests on a transverse gusset. By applying shims to the latter, you can slightly change the position of the engine (its inclination), which regulates the tension of the chain from the engine output shaft to the main gear. Behind the back of the seat is a gas tank (from the Elektron scooter), the fuel is supplied by gravity. All four wheels of the mini-tractor are driving: the rotation on them is transmitted by chains through the main gear and intermediate gearbox. On the axle shafts of the main gear, universal joints, friction discs and sprockets (Z = 13) are installed. The outer ends of the semi-axes are embedded in the bearing housings, standing in the supports on the frame. On the shafts of the intermediate gearboxes (there are two of them - one on each side of the mini-tractor) there is a large, 54-tooth receiving sprocket and two 13-tooth teeth that transmit rotation to the front and rear wheels. The shafts are inserted at one end into the bearings of the support, at the other - into the bearings of the consoles, the latter are welded to the front tube of the frame. The axle shafts of the wheels have one driven sprocket (Z=20). All connections are keyed. Thanks to the final drive with a differential, it is possible to block either the right or left wheels individually and, as a result, turn in one direction or another. Locking is carried out by a handle with a belt invoice using friction discs: pressing against the disc, it slows down the rotation of the axle shaft. The handle is bent from a pipe: it can be rotated on an axle mounted in the corner brackets of the frame. At its end, a support plate is welded under the lining - a segment of the drive belt, fixed through it and the pipe with two bolts. Many people think that if you put a pressure band on the clutch that completely covers the pulley, then braking will be more effective. However, as practice has shown, touching the disk in one place is quite enough. The tape is often "grabbed". The wheels are mounted on axle shafts supported by bearings. On one side of these housings are the wheels themselves, on the other - driven sprockets (Z = 20). Due to the fact that the leading - on the shaft of the intermediate gearbox - the drives are spaced apart, it is necessary to install the driven ones in different planes. This made it necessary to make bearing housings (respectively, axle shafts) of different lengths: front - 110 mm, and rear - 85 mm. There is no additional chain tension here: sufficient coverage of the sprockets helps out. If the chains stretch out over time, you just need to shorten them - remove a couple of links. Thus, in the entire transmission, only the chain coming from the engine output shaft is regulated.
The wheels are made of metal discs Ø600 mm and 8 mm thick. Rings are welded on them around the circumference (after 70 mm) from strips 6x30x200 mm: they make it easier to turn and at the same time help to provide sufficient grip - the wheels do not slip even on ice when clearing snow, they do not “salt” when working on wet ground. Agricultural implements are hung on a yoke passing under the frame of a mini-tractor. I usually arrange cultivators, harrows, rakes so that they fall in the middle of the track. But with a plow it is more difficult. The point here is that the resistance of the plow during plowing turns the machine around - after all, its wheels in this case go along the furrow or virgin soil on one side, and on the already plowed land on the other. Therefore, depending on the working conditions (soil density, plowing depth, etc.), it is necessary to move the plow. And by how much - this is already determined, as they say, practically. In order to be able to rearrange the plow without much difficulty, I put the rocker on a sleeve that "walks" left and right across the frame on the axle. The plow mounting chute must be at the level of the wheel axles. Otherwise, a certain unfolding moment occurs in the vertical plane and the car will "raise up" or, conversely, overload the front end. Another. Obviously, the furrow during plowing should be equally deep throughout its entire length. But how difficult it is to achieve this, moving over all the unevenness of the field! On "Kaluzhanin" it is easier to ensure uniform plowing than on tractors with implements mounted directly on the norm, when any inclination of the machine affects the quality of tillage. In my machine, the suspension point of the plow rocker arm is located on the central axis of the base, and it is not fixed in a vertical plane and can "swing". Therefore, no trim does not affect the depth of the furrow - the deepening of the plow will be almost constant. I also advise you to put the seat in the center of the tractor - it will be much more convenient for the driver: less pitching. After all, the "excitement" when driving over bumps and potholes is quite noticeable. It is better to move the control of gas, reverse, gearbox, clutches a little forward, but so that everything is, as expected, at hand. In this case, when moving the "plowman" from site to site, it will be possible to "lead" him, walking after him. Author: V.Arkhipov
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