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Composite amphibian. Personal transport
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To cross the river, it is not bad to have a self-propelled pontoon, which is driven by a car engine, and its steering device is used to control the course. You roll up to the shore, drive onto the pontoon using a simple ramp, fix the car on it. Everything, you can set off! The engine starts, the speed turns on - and the left wheel, resting on two drums, begins to rotate, setting in motion a propeller connected to the drum shaft by a bevel gear. Need to roll?
You touch the steering wheel, while the front wheels move along with the support platforms located on the rotary device, deflecting the steering feather connected by steering cables and a rigid rod with the lever of the left support platform. Well, if you need to slow down, turn on the reverse gear - and full throttle!
On such a pontoon, you can go on fairly long voyages, however, with one essential condition; at the end point of the route, the shore should be such that it is possible to move onto it from the pontoon, and then just as easily load back.
You can make such a pontoon from almost any available material.
It’s not bad, of course, to weld it from sheet steel, but it’s still easier to assemble a wooden frame structure with plywood sheathing.
The pontoon frame consists of two trusses and six frames. Each truss is assembled from a board 50 mm thick and 300 mm wide and a pair of wooden bars connected into a single spar with wooden braces.
After installing the trusses on the simplest slipway (for example, on a pair of even boards or beams located across the pontoon frame), pine bars with a section of 40x40 mm (horizontal elements of the frames) are joined to them, and then the sidewalls of the frames, which are connected to the horizontal elements of the half-tree. Stringers are attached over the latter - wooden bars with a section of 50x30 mm.
Composite amphibious vehicle: 1 - passenger car VAZ-2101; 2,5 - hinged guides of the front wheels; 3 - pontoon body; 4 - wave baffle; 6 - steering gear drive lever; 7-rod of the drive of the steering device; 8-arm steering levers; 9- shturtrosy; 10 - support drum; 11 - driving drum of the propeller drive; 12 - bevel gear pair of propeller drive; 13 - stern shaft; 14- propeller; 15 - steering pen
Longitudinal section of the pontoon hull (click to enlarge): 1,6 - horizontal elements of frames (wooden bars 40x40); 2-top truss shelf (board 300x50); 3 - deck plating (plywood s5); 4 - stem frame element (bar 40x40); 5 - front cross member (bar 40x40); 7- brace (rail 50x25); 8 - the lower shelf of the farm (bar 50x50); 9- bottom lining (plywood s5); 10 - reinforcement of the bottom (bar 40x40); 11 - overlay (plywood at 15); 12 - transom frame element (bar 40x40)
Cross section of the pontoon body: 1 - edging (rail 50x25); 2 - deck plating (plywood s5); 3 - the top shelf of the farm (board 300x50); 4 - braces (slats 50x25); 5,8 - stringers (bars 50x40); 6,7 - horizontal elements of frames (bars 40x40); 9 - bottom lining (plywood s5); 10 - frame sidewall (bar 40x40); 11 - board sheathing (plywood s5); 12 - sheathing of the power parts of the bottom (plywood s5)
Support drum: 1 - bearing housing; 2 - disk; 3 - drum body; 4 - shaft; 5 - bearing
Propeller drive drum: 1 - bearing housing; 2 - disk; 3 - drum body; 4 - shaft; 5 - bearing; 6 - drive shaft; 7 - bevel gear; 8 - fixing washer; 9 - fixing screw; 10 - key; 11 - clamping nut of the elastic coupling; 12 - washer; 13 - rubber sleeve of the clutch
Articulated guide for the front wheels: 1 - guide (channel 250x100); 2 - screw fastening the guide to the trunnion; 3 -- a bolt of fastening of a nave to the top shelf of a farm; 4 - hub; 5 - support rings; 6 - the top shelf of the farm
Sheathing of the pontoon - plywood 5 mm thick. First, the flat part of the bottom is sheathed, then the zygomatic parts, then the sides. The next stage is the installation of mechanisms in the pontoon body; propeller drive drums, bevel gear pair, stern shaft and stern tube mounting bracket, as well as front wheel swivel bearings. The pontoon hull is coated from the inside with a waterproof varnish - parquet or "pinotex", after which the deck plating is mounted (its inner surface is varnished) and the entire hull is primed, puttied and painted from the outside with several layers of waterproof enamel.
It is necessary to provide hermetically closing hatches in the deck for inspection of the inside of the hull, ventilation and repair.
It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a completely sealed pontoon body, therefore it is recommended to remove water from places where it can accumulate. This is easy to do with an automotive fuel pump driven by a cam on the drive drum shaft.
The drums themselves are sections of a steel pipe with a diameter of 300 mm, in which two steel disks and a stepped shaft are fixed by welding. It is better to choose bearing housings ready-made, from decommissioned construction or agricultural mechanisms, as well as a pair of bevel gears for a gearbox with a gear ratio of about one.
A hole with a diameter of 34 mm is machined in the stepped shaft of the drive drum - it is necessary to fix the rubber clutch through which the torque is transmitted to the conical pair. The coupling itself is a rubber bushing, put on a threaded shank.
To fix the drums when loading or unloading the car, it is necessary to provide stoppers - steel rods that are inserted into the holes drilled in the disks of the drums.
The steering device consists of two articulated supports, which are assembled on the basis of the "Zhiguli" hubs of the front wheels. Refining them is not difficult: everything superfluous is cut off from them and only the bearing housings of the hubs and the knuckle pins remain. The bearing housings are mounted on the frame side members with two 3 mm thick steel rings and bolts, and the guides, cut from sections of a suitable channel, are fixed with bolts on the trunnion flanges.
The feather of the steering device is made of plywood 12 mm thick or sheet duralumin 5 mm thick. The pen is hinged on the steering shaft - this makes it possible to avoid its breakage when driving in shallow water. The steering shaft itself is pivotally mounted in a baller - a piece of steel pipe, equipped with bushings made of nylon or fluoroplastic.
Steering wheel drive - with the help of a rocking chair, a rigid articulated rod, an intermediate two-arm lever, cables with lanyards and an executive two-arm lever fixed on the steering shaft. The kinematics of the drive is such that turning the steering wheel to the right causes the self-propelled pontoon to circulate to the right.
Author: I.Mnevnik
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