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Marsh calla. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Marsh calla, Calla palustris. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Calla (calla)

Family: Araceae (Araceae)

Origin: The marsh calla is common in the northern regions of Eurasia, North America and Greenland.

Area: The marsh calla can be found in swampy and swampy areas of Eurasia, North America and Greenland.

Chemical composition: Marsh calla contains alkaloids, arbutin, calcium oxalate, carotenoids, flavonoids and other useful substances.

Economic value: Marsh calla is used in pharmacology as a remedy for cough, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. It is also prescribed in traditional medicine to treat stomach ailments, arthritis, rheumatism, and other ailments. As an ornamental plant, marsh calla is planted to decorate garden ponds and pools. In addition, its leaves and roots are popular for flower arrangements.

Legends and myths: In medieval Europe, calla was associated with virginity and purity, and was also used medicinally to treat wounds.

Marsh calla, Calla palustris. Description, illustrations of the plant

Marsh calla, Calla palustris. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

Marsh calla is a juicy creeping hydrophyte (a plant half growing in water) 20-40 cm high with large shiny round-heart-shaped leaves (15-20 cm) on long petioles.

The rhizome is jointed, creeping, hollow and thick (0,8-2 cm in diameter). Branches sympodially; in living areas at the nodes, numerous fibrous adventitious roots depart from it, the length of which often reaches 60 cm. The living rhizome with a stem reaches 1 m in length, and on rafts - up to 1,4 m.

If the rhizome spreads along the surface of the substrate, then it has a dark green color. The internodes of the rhizome are unequal, from 0,4 to 6 cm long. Ring-shaped scars remain on the nodes after the death of the leaves. The roots are white, have the same thickness throughout (1,5-2 mm) and a blunt tip; do not branch in water, thin lateral roots form in peaty soil. On most nodes there is one axillary kidney of renewal. Root hairs and mycorrhiza at the roots were not observed.

Leaves are solitary, alternate, oval-heart-shaped, with pointed ends and a smooth edge; directed vertically upwards. There are 10-20 of them on the main shoot. The leaf blade is thick, shiny, 6-16 cm long, 5-14 cm wide, with pinnately arcuate venation, ovate-cordate, at the apex attenuated-pointed; densely green above and paler below. Both sides have approximately the same number of rounded stomata. Numerous lateral arcuate veins depart from the median at different levels and, bending forward, merge into several veins reaching the top of the leaf blade.

The petiole is long, up to 1 cm thick, concave on the adaxial side, extends over the base of the membranous leathery sheath, equal to half the length of the petiole, the upper part of which protrudes freely, forming a large tongue (ligula). On dried material, the petiole often turns yellow or orange. The tongues of young leaves are cone-shaped and cover the anterior end of the ascending shoot with young leaves and axillary buds. The young laminae are twisted in the bud, with the subsequent leaf twisted in the opposite direction to the underlying leaf.

Flowers numerous, bisexual, small (up to 1 cm), without perianth, arranged in a spiral. There are usually six stamens in a flower (sometimes up to ten). Ovary short-ovate with 6-12 elongated ovules; formed by three or more (up to six) carpels, the number of the latter depends on the position of the flower in the inflorescence and, as a rule, increases from top to bottom. Less than three carpels were not found in the ovary. The stigma is sessile, densely covered with transparent papillary sticky outgrowths. At the top of the ear there are only male flowers, consisting of six stamens in two circles. Filaments flat, 1,5-2 mm long, 0,5 mm wide, twice as long as anthers. Anthers are white, broadly elliptical, two-chambered.

The flowers are collected in dense elongated cylindrical inflorescences-cobs up to 6 cm in length on a thick vertical cylindrical branch up to 30 cm in height, surrounded by a covering leaf-spread. The spathe has a vagina and an ovoid plate 4-6 cm long, narrowed at the top into a linear tip, white above, green below; vagina without uvula or it is very small, less often the vagina is long, fused with the peduncle.

The base of the bedspread plate has two ears, one below the other. The spathe covers the inflorescence before it blooms, forming a bud. Usually there is one veil, but occasionally two, three or four veils are found on the inflorescence, and they are arranged alternately, and their size decreases from bottom to top. The spathe turns green after pollination of flowers and serves for additional photosynthesis.

The inflorescence is terminal, very rarely a lateral inflorescence appears along with it. The height of the inflorescence is equal to the length of the leaf or slightly shorter than it. The pollen of the plant is glued together in lumps and cannot fly. Pollination occurs with the help of insects. Flowering time - from the second half of May to mid-June.

The fruits are small (6-8 mm in diameter) juicy red poisonous berries, collected in dense short cylindrical fruit clusters. The fruits ripen about a month after flowering; fruit in late August. The berry contains three to twelve seeds. Ripe berries are filled with a transparent gelatinous, elastic mass, located mainly above the seeds. The thickness of the walls of the ovary, from which the outer fleshy part of the berry is formed, is not the same in different places. The thinnest side wall of the berry is at the point of attachment to the cob axis.

Mature seeds are brown, oval, 3x2 mm in size, with parallel longitudinal shallow grooves. Seeds that are not freed from the pulp of the berry are purple; after being freed from the pulp, they turn brown. The seed coat is thick, contains many air cavities, thanks to which the seeds float well. The surface of the seeds is covered with a wax coating, not wetted by water. The seed contains abundant endosperm, which contains a large embryo, almost equal to the length of the seed and divided into a tubular cotyledon, germinal root rudiment and germinal bud.

In autumn, after the peduncle rots, the seed falls on moist soil or in water. The fruits are torn from swelling, the seeds are released from the berries (one seed contains 350-400 seeds). There is an airy tissue in the seed coat, for this reason they swim well, without losing buoyancy for many months. Seeds usually germinate in those places where there is a layer of water on the surface, rooting in the dead remains of various plants.

Marsh calla is a Holarctic boreal species, a common plant for almost the entire temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. It has the northernmost range in the Aroid family, rising all the way to the subarctic belt.

Distributed in Northern, Central, Eastern and Southern Europe (Romania, France), North America (including the Northwest Territories, Yukon and Alaska), temperate regions in Asia (China, the Japanese Islands, the Korean Peninsula).

It prefers water and moist habitats with rich mineral nutrition; it can be found in swamps, ditches, on the swampy banks of oxbow lakes, streams, in shallow waters with good ground or alluvial nutrition; often it is half submerged in water. During flowering and fruiting, the calla becomes very noticeable against the general dim background of its typical habitats. In the spring, the whiteness of its inflorescence covers attracts attention, and later - bright red berries.

Calla is a component of hygrophilic and marsh phytocenoses. In eutrophic habitats, for example, in black alder forests, the optimal conditions for the plant are probably dense and large thickets, shoots reach 35-40 cm in height, leaves with large blades. The plant also develops well on bogs, forming pure thickets. Its largest specimens are along the edges of the quagmire. The calla develops much worse in grass-sphagnum communities. Here its number decreases, it does not form pure thickets. Shoots are scattered, their height is only 10-15 cm, leaf blades are medium-sized. Signs of severe oppression are especially pronounced in calla in habitats with a thick sphagnum cover. In these cases, only a small yellowish leaf blade sticks out of the moss.

Calla - a typical hygrophyte, shade-tolerant plant, develops well under the canopy of black alder. In treeless communities (on lacustrine drifts and islets), the young leaves of the plant are usually rolled into a tube and arranged vertically; this is regarded as a device against the strong evaporation of water and overheating by the rays of the sun.

The marsh calla is critically endangered in Croatia and endangered in Switzerland and the Czech Republic.

Inedible, poisonous.

Marsh calla is a poisonous plant; in its raw form, all its parts are poisonous to humans and farm animals. The plant contains alkaloids (0,042%) and a substance similar to saponin. Cases of mass poisoning of cattle are known.

Plant tissues contain a lot of silicon, flavonoids, resinous substances, sterols, organic acids, free sugars. Resins, starch, sugars are found in rhizomes. All parts of the plant contain silicon compounds. The herb contains 213,4 mg% ascorbic acid.

The whole plant is poisonous, especially the berries and rhizomes. The juice of a fresh plant has a local irritant effect, causes inflammation. When ingested, the plant inhibits the activity of the heart, causes vomiting, numbness, convulsions. Symptoms of poisoning in humans are nausea, vomiting, salivation, diarrhea, shortness of breath, tachycardia, convulsions. First aid - gastric lavage and laxatives. Juice can cause irritation on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, skin, eyes. Pollen inhalation can cause complex allergic reactions.

In case of calla poisoning, as in case of poisoning with other saponin-containing plants, animals are affected both by the digestive tract and the central nervous system. There is salivation, trembling, tympanitis, weak and frequent pulse; death can occur very quickly.

Treatment for animal poisoning with calla is to eliminate bloating, after which the animals are given laxatives and support the activity of the heart. Prevention of poisoning consists in keeping animals away from swampy places, especially in cases where the animals are hungry or have not received green fodder for a long time.

The calla is distinguished by its beauty and extraordinary brightness, therefore it is used in landscape design - it is often planted near a reservoir. It is important to ensure that children do not come into contact with it. The genus Calla is the only representative of the Calloideae subfamily and includes only one species, the marsh calla (Calla palustris L.). Previously, the genus Calla was understood more broadly, and in horticulture, many types of aroids are still referred to as calla lilies.

The plant is used by landscape designers and amateur gardeners to decorate the banks of reservoirs in parks and gardens. Cultivated plants are unpretentious, shade-tolerant, put up with temporary drying up of water bodies. Growing rapidly, they form a dense carpet and completely hide the coast. Suitable soils are sandy, loamy and heavy clay. Can grow in very acidic, acidic and neutral soils. The best time to sow seeds is the end of summer, as soon as they are ripe, because the germination of last year's seeds is deteriorating. Seeds are sown in pots with soil, which are placed in trays with water (about 3 cm) in greenhouses for the winter. Pots are taken out to a permanent place in late spring or early summer, when the threat of late spring morning frosts has passed.

The calla propagates both by seeds and vegetatively - with the help of rhizomes or breaking off buds of renewal. Calla clumps with an area of ​​​​several square meters are formed exclusively due to vegetative growth and reproduction. Every year, from one to five lateral branches appear on the rhizome, which continue to exist on their own, growing in length and forming new lateral shoots. In addition, vegetative propagation occurs due to renewal buds that have broken off from the main rhizome. Buds stuck together with the soil to the paws of birds can be transferred by birds to other places. Under favorable conditions, adventitious roots form in the buds and new plants form from the buds.

Calla is also suitable for growing in a humid greenhouse or terrarium.

Marsh calla, Calla palustris. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• For the treatment of cough: prepare an infusion of marsh calla root in boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Cool the infusion and drink 1/4 cup 3-4 times a day. This will help relieve coughing and reduce airway inflammation.
• For the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: drink an infusion of marsh calla root before eating. This will help improve digestion and reduce inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines.
• For headache treatment: prepare an infusion from the root of the calla marsh and apply to the temples and back of the head with massage movements. This will help relieve headaches and reduce muscle tension.
• For the treatment of skin diseases: Prepare a decoction of bog calla leaves and apply to affected skin areas such as eczema or dermatitis. This will help reduce inflammation and itching, speed up healing, and prevent infection.
• To improve vision: drink an infusion of bog calla root for several weeks. This will help improve vision and reduce eye fatigue.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: crush the leaves and stems of the calla marsh and mix with honey and olive oil. Apply to face for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This mask will help moisturize the skin, reduce the signs of aging and make the skin more radiant.
• Hair care product: prepare an infusion of marsh calla root in boiling water for 30-40 minutes. Cool the infusion and use it to rinse your hair after shampooing. This remedy will help strengthen the hair, moisturize it and prevent hair loss.
• Body Scrub: Mix finely chopped leaves and stems of marsh calla with sea salt and olive oil. Massage into the skin of the body and rinse thoroughly with water. This scrub will help exfoliate dead skin cells, improve skin texture and give a healthy glow.
• Hand cream: mix shea butter and marsh oil extracted from calla root. Apply to hands and massage until completely absorbed. This cream will help moisturize and soften the skin of the hands.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Marsh calla, Calla palustris. Detailed advice on growing, choosing soil and lighting, planting depth and distance between seeds, caring for the plant; preparation tips; storage tips

Marsh calla (Calla palustris) is a perennial plant that grows in damp and swampy areas of Eurasia and North America.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing marsh calla:

Cultivation:

• Marsh calla prefers to grow in damp and damp places where there is access to water.
• Although the plant can grow in partial shade, it grows best in direct sun or light shade.
• The soil should be acidic and well drained.
• The plant does not tolerate saline soils and drying out.
• Planting depth should be such that the roots are well covered with soil.
• The distance between plants should be at least 30-40 cm.
• Water the plant regularly, especially during hot weather or when the soil is dry.
• Fertilize the plant once a year, in early spring, using a fertilizer recommended for acid-loving plants.
• The plant does not need pruning, but you can remove damaged or old leaves.
• If there are weeds, remove them regularly so that they do not compete with the marsh calla.

Workpiece:

• The roots of the calla marsh can be used in folk medicine to treat a number of diseases, but for this you need to contact a specialist.
• The leaves and flowers of the plant can be used for decorative purposes, such as making bouquets.

Storage:

• The marsh calla is not a food product, therefore it does not require special storage.

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