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Peristoschetinnik purple (elephant grass). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Peristoschetinnik purple (elephant grass), Pennisetum purpureum. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Purple Peristoschetinnik (Pennisetum purpureum)

Family: Cereals (Poaceae)

Origin: Peristostuple purple comes from Africa, where it grows in its natural environment. It is currently cultivated all over the world.

Area: Peristoschaet purple is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.

Chemical composition: Peristostuple purple contains many useful substances, including proteins, carbohydrates, fiber and others. In addition, it contains many minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and potassium.

Economic value: Peristoschaetin purple is an important fodder crop for livestock. Its leaves and stems contain a large amount of nutrients that are essential for the health of animals. Peristoschetinnik purple is used in landscape design as an ornamental plant. It can also be used as a source of biofuels, as it contains many valuable substances that can be used for fuel production.

Legends and myths: In local legends and mythology, elephant grass is associated with fertility and abundance. In Africa, its long leaves are used as roofs on houses and shelters, and to make carpets and baskets. In the culture of many African tribes, purple feathers are considered a symbol of wealth and prosperity.

Peristoschetinnik purple (elephant grass), Pennisetum purpureum. Description, illustrations of the plant

Peristoschetinnik purple (elephant grass), Pennisetum purpureum. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum et Thon.) is a widespread fodder crop in the tropics and subtropics. It is characterized by high productivity, good silage, palatability and durability. With extensive use of crops, its yield is 50-100 t/ha, and with intensive use - up to 400 t/ha per year.

Elephant grass is used mainly for green fodder, silage and less often for hay, and also as a pasture plant. The green mass of elephant grass contains (per absolutely dry matter) 3,8-17,4% protein, 1,6-3,3% fat, 29,4-55,6% fiber, 28,0-49,8% nitrogen-free extractive substances (BES) and 5,6-9,1% ash. The silage at a moisture content of 75-78% contains protein - 1,0-1,4%, fat - 0,5-0,7, fiber - 8,6-9,4, extractives - 9,5-12,8 and ash - 1,5-2,2%. Protein digestibility in green mass is 44-65% and in silage feed - up to 40%. Elephant grass forms a powerful herbage, and therefore it is used to protect soil from erosion.

It comes from tropical Africa, where at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. was first found in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) by Colonel Napier, and is therefore often referred to as Napier grass. From here it is introduced to the USA, Cuba, Brazil, India, Australia and many other countries.

In culture, it is distributed throughout the tropics (in humid - without irrigation, in arid - with irrigation) and in some subtropical regions, where it grows at an altitude of up to 2200-2650 m above sea level.

Elephant grass is a top rhizome grass that forms well leafy vegetative shoots 2-3 m high and generative shoots 3-7 m high.

The stems are thick (up to 2,5 cm in diameter), sometimes branched, glabrous or pubescent.

Leaves up to 1 m long and 1 to 2,5 cm wide. Leaves and especially stems become very coarse from the beginning of heading, which reduces the nutritional value of green mass.

The inflorescence is a spiky panicle up to 30 cm long.

Forms few seeds and usually with low germination.

Elephant grass bushes strongly, forms a bush with a diameter of 30-100 cm with 20-200 shoots. The root system is very powerful and penetrates to a depth of 4,5 m.

It has 2 varieties of Napier and Merker. Napier grass is taller, yields more and regrows better after being cut. In India, as a result of crossing elephant grass with African millet, a hybrid form of elephant grass, Puza, was obtained, which significantly exceeds elephant grass in terms of yield.

Elephant grass is a light and thermophilic culture. In natural biocenoses, it grows in the upper tier, usually in open places and rarely in shading. Best of all grows and develops at a temperature of 24-30 °C. Decrease in temperature to 10 °C and daily fluctuations above 5-7 °C negatively affect growth processes and tillering intensity.

Elephant grass is demanding on moisture, especially in the initial period of development. However, it tolerates drought. It works well in areas with an annual rainfall of at least 700-1000 mm and with a rainy season of 5-6 months. In the conditions of the rainy season and at high temperatures, all phases of development pass faster, and the accumulation of above-ground mass proceeds more intensively. Responds well to irrigation. On drained soils, it tolerates short-term flooding.

It grows on almost all types of soils with a pH of 5,5-8,2, with good aeration and sufficient moisture. Forms the greatest yields on well-drained soils with a high content of nutrients. Does not tolerate acidic (pH 5,0), poorly drained, waterlogged soils with close groundwater.

When creating pastures, elephant grass is best placed after legumes and industrial crops.

To obtain high yields on infertile soils, fertilizers must be applied.

The soil for planting is carefully prepared. Usually they plow to a depth of 20-25 cm. Before and after plowing, disking is carried out. In irrigated areas, the soil surface is leveled with special machines. On soils with low and medium fertility, organic and mineral fertilizers are applied.

It is recommended to apply 40-60 tons of manure and mineral fertilizers for plowing at the rate of 100 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per 1 ha. In addition, it is necessary to carry out top dressing annually. In the rainy season, 200-300 kg of phosphorus and potassium should be applied, preferably in 2 doses, and after each mowing, nitrogen should be fertilized at a dose of 50 to 120 kg per 1 ha. On acidic soils, lime is added.

Elephant grass is usually propagated from stem cuttings. They are harvested in the seed plot (crops of past years) from plants aged 60-80 days. The cuttings are cut immediately before planting, 3-4 internodes long. From 1 hectare of seed plants, planting material is obtained for 30-40 hectares of created pasture.

The cuttings are planted in furrows 10-20 cm deep, according to the scheme 50-140x50-60 cm (2 cuttings per nest). During seed propagation, scattered sowing is practiced. The seeding rate is 18-20 kg/ha. Planting and sowing is carried out at the beginning of the rainy season, with irrigation - throughout the year.

When propagated by stem cuttings, rhizomes, parts of bushes, their rooting occurs on the 4-9th day, tillering occurs on the 25-44th day, and on the 75-110th day after planting, the above-ground mass is ready for mowing. Faster development occurs at plantings in parts of the bush (the lower part of the stem with roots and rhizomes).

After the first cut, elephant grass develops faster and can be cut into green mass after 6-8 weeks. When propagated by seeds, plants grow very slowly, and the readiness of crops for mowing is delayed. Therefore, sowing by seeds is used mainly in breeding work. The formation of inflorescences goes on throughout the rainy season and at the beginning of the dry period, and then stops. Elephant grass is distinguished by longevity. In crops it lasts up to 10-15, sometimes up to 30 years.

Sometimes elephant grass is grown together with bean kudzu, which provides a valuable high-protein feed.

In the year of planting, several row spacings are loosened (until the rows close) to a depth of 8-12 cm, weeds are periodically mowing, weeding in nests, top dressing and watering in the dry season. In subsequent years, the aisles are loosened in combination with the application of fertilizers, cuttings are replanted in sparse areas, irrigated with a lack of moisture (irrigation rate is 500-800 m3 ha), after grazing, plant residues are mowed and feces are leveled.

It is also advisable to use disking, due to which the bushes are partially thinned out, the conditions for plant growth are improved and, as a result, the pasture is rejuvenated.

Mowing elephant grass for green fodder is recommended every 6-8 weeks, and for silage - after 8-10 weeks. On plots without irrigation, 3-4 mowings are obtained, and with irrigation, 5-6 mowings. The most acceptable cutting height is 10-15 cm. Good yields are also possible with a low cut (up to 5 cm from the soil surface). Grazing on elephant grass pastures is carried out at a grass stand height of no higher than 1 m.

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

Peristoschetinnik purple (elephant grass), Pennisetum purpureum. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• To treat stomach pain and diarrhea: Pour 1 tablespoon of crushed leaves of purpurea peristostinka with 1 cup of boiling water and insist for 10-15 minutes. Take 1 glass 2-3 times a day before meals.
• For the treatment of cough: chop 50 grams of leaves of purple peristostuple and pour 1 liter of water. Bring to a boil and insist for 2-3 hours. Take 1 glass 3-4 times a day.
• For headache treatment: apply on the temples and forehead tincture of purpurea. To prepare the tincture, grind 2-3 leaves of peristoschetinnik and pour 100 ml of vodka. Leave for 2-3 days.

Cosmetology:

Peristoschetinnik purple in cosmetology is not used.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Peristoschetinnik purple (elephant grass), Pennisetum purpureum. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Purple Peristoschetinka (Pennisetum purpureum) is a herbaceous plant that is used as feed for livestock and other animals.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing purpurea purpurea:

Cultivation:

• Peristoristoichnik purple grows best in tropical and subtropical conditions with fertile soils and sufficient levels of moisture.
• Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings, which should be planted at a distance of about 60-90 cm from each other.
• Plants need regular watering and fertilization, especially during periods of active growth.

Workpiece:

• Peristoschaetin purple is used as feed for livestock and other animals.
• Leaves and stems should be cut and crushed, then used as animal feed.
• Feed should be given fresh or kept dry for later use.

Storage:

• Fresh peristostochinka should be used as soon as possible.
• For long-term storage, feed should be dried to hay and stored in a cool, dry place in airtight containers or bags.

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