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China. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

China, Lathyrus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Lathyrus (Latin name), Russian name - China

Family: Legumes (Fabaceae)

Origin: Southeast Asia

Area: China is found in North Africa, Eurasia, North and South America

Chemical composition: The plant contains proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, fats, vitamins and minerals. Some types of chin plants contain glycine, sparganine, and latucarine. Coumarins, flavonoids and carotenoids are also isolated.

Economic value: China is used as a fodder plant for livestock and poultry. Some species are used for food, as well as in medicine and cosmetology. Plants of this genus can be used to improve the soil due to bacteria that form nodules on the roots and capture atmospheric nitrogen.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, China was considered a symbol of happiness and prosperity. In Chinese culture, China was associated with beauty and elegance, and in Japan, its flowers were used to make traditional Japanese wide hats - kasumi. In folk medicine in many countries of the world, China has been used as a medicinal plant. For example, in Tibetan medicine, China was used to treat diseases of the liver and stomach. In European medicine, the plant was used as a diuretic and antiseptic. China is also often associated with love, friendship and devotion. In the culture of flowers, China symbolizes nobility, honesty and loyalty. Some types of China, such as peas, can also symbolize happiness, patience, and vitality.

China, Lathyrus. Description, illustrations of the plant

Sowing chin, Lathyrus sativus L. Classification, synonyms, botanical description, nutritional value, cultivation

Names: fr. gesse cultivee; gesse blanche, lentille d'Espagne, dent de brebis, pois Breton, pois carre; English chickling vetch; German Essbare platterbse, Weisse platterbse, Deutsche Kicher; Goal. peulerwt, wikken; Spanish arveja; Polish wyka siewna.

An annual plant, 30-70 cm high; thin root; stems ascending or erect, branched, faceted, winged on two faces; stipules semisagittate, rather large, 19-25 mm long; petiole narrow-winged, 3-4 cm long; the leaf axis usually ends with a branched tendril (with the help of tendrils the branches cling); leaflets are single-pair, linear-lanceolate, pointed, 4-10 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, with 3 or 5 or more prominent veins.

Peduncles faceted, shorter or longer than the leaf petiole, in the upper third with an articulation, in which 1-2 scaly linear subulate bracts sit; pedicels the same length as the calyx or longer; flowers solitary, rarely two, 1,2-2 cm long, erect or deviated, whitish or blue.

Calyx short-campanulate, its teeth lanceolate, almost identical, pointed, 2-3 times as long as the calyx tube; flag narrowed towards base, almost sessile, blade broadly oval, 11-12 mm long, 14-15 mm wide, just notched at apex; wings on nails, their plates widened upwards, rounded on the underside, with an eye at the base, the boat on the underside is almost rectangularly bent, its plate is oblong.

Pods sessile, oblong-elliptical, narrowed at the point, about 3 cm long, 1,3-1,5 cm wide, compressed, with two rather wide wings along the upper edge; seeds 4-6 in each pod, different colors, angular, smooth.

In the soaked form, the seeds of the sowing rank are slightly used for food. They contain: protein 30,40-34,31%, starch 38-42,5%, oil 0,61-0,68%.

In the seeds of the rank there is a certain amount of phytic acid, which causes the so-called lathyrism (a disease accompanied by the degeneration of the nervous system).

China is drought tolerant. It is cultivated like other leguminous crops, to which, of course, it should be attributed to a greater extent than to vegetables.

Author: Ipatiev A.N.

Tuberous chin, Lathyrus tuberosus L. Reference information

Names: fr. gesse tubereuse, anette, anotte de Bourgogne, chataigne de terre, chourless, favouette, magion, macusson, mitrouillet; English tuberous rooted pea; German Erdnuss; fl. aard noot; Goal. aardakker; it. ghianda di terra; Polish rzepnik galucha.

Perennial plant, 25-100 ohm high, glabrous; rhizome branched, thin, with tuberous-thickened, fusiform or almost spherical roots; stems branched from the base, acute-edged, ascending or prostrate, clinging with the help of leaf tendrils; stipules are semisagittate, 5-20 mm long, with a faceted non-winged petiole; petiole 8-14 mm long.

The axis of the leaf ends in a tendril, which is usually branched in the upper leaves; leaflets are single-pair, oblong-oval, obtuse, with pointed tips, 2-4,5 cm long, 0,7-1,3 mm wide.

Peduncles are long, sometimes somewhat bent, longer than the leaf; racemes sparse with 3-7 flowers; pedicels nearly as long as or longer than calyx; flowers 1,5-2 cm long, purple-red, fragrant; calyx broadly campanulate; the flag is pale carmine, on a very short nail; wings shorter than flag, keel of equal length with wings, on thin nail; ovary sessile.

Pods bent from below, oblong-linear, almost cylindrical, glabrous, slightly swollen, 2,8-4 cm long and 4-7 mm wide, with longitudinal reticulate venation; 4-6 seeds, dark brown, almost smooth, finely punctate, linear hilum, on the 7th seed.

Tuberous chin is a good fodder grass; its tubers are readily eaten by many animals; used in food and by humans, especially children.

Author: Ipatiev A.N.

China, Lathyrus sativus. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

Chin is cultivated for food, fodder and technical use. Its seeds contain 23-34% protein, 0,5-0,7% fat, 24-45% carbohydrates, 4-4,5% fiber, 2,5-3% ash. In terms of the amount of protein, many varieties of chiny are superior to peas and lentils, but in terms of taste and digestibility of seeds, it is somewhat worse. Chyna seeds are widely used for the manufacture of casein, they are of great value as a concentrated feed.

The green mass and hay of this crop are rich in proteins, are distinguished by tenderness and are well eaten by all types of livestock. However, it is not recommended to use chiny seeds all the time, as severe damage to bone tissues and the nervous system can develop, which is associated with toxic amino acids that are freely included in proteins.

The economic value of the rank is determined by high drought resistance, productivity, low susceptibility to diseases and pests.

The world area of ​​the chin is about 800 thousand hectares. Its culture is widespread in India, Algeria, Egypt and some European countries. With high agricultural technology, the yield of chinka reaches 3,0-4,0 t/ha, but in countries where it is more common, the yield is 0,4-1,2 t/ha.

Chin has more than 100 annual and perennial species. The most widespread is the sowing rank - Lathyrus sativus L.

The root of the rank is taproot, highly branched, with numerous nodules. Stem decumbent, branching. The height of plants, depending on the variety and growing conditions, is from 20 to 100 cm. The leaves are single-paired, the leaves are lanceolate or linear. The flowers are large, solitary, rarely 2 per peduncle, of various colors. Broad legumes with 2 wings on the dorsal seam, 3-4 seeds.

Seeds are wedge-shaped, flat-wedge-shaped or flat. The mass of 1000 seeds ranges from 50 to 600 g. The duration of the growing season is from 80 to 115 days.

China is a more heat-loving crop than peas, at the same time it is highly cold-resistant. Its seeds germinate at a temperature of 2-3 °C, and seedlings withstand temperatures as low as minus 8 °C. In the seed filling phase, the optimum temperature is 20-25 °C.

China is a drought-resistant plant. In dry years, it surpasses many grain legumes in terms of yield. During the period of vegetative growth, this culture reacts poorly to a lack of moisture. China is more sensitive to soil drought and dry winds during the flowering period. Drought during seed ripening has little effect on the yield. China refers to the cultures of the long day.

To soil conditions, the rank is less demanding than other legumes. It can grow on saline chestnut and light sandy loamy soils, it does poorly on waterlogged and very heavy clay soils with a close occurrence of groundwater. Chin is sown in the same crop rotations as peas.

China, like other leguminous crops, mainly needs phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, which are used in autumn for fall and in spring for sowing. On poor soils, nitrogen fertilizers are also effective, which are applied under pre-sowing cultivation or as top dressing. It is not recommended to apply manure directly under the rank, as it lengthens the growing season of the crop and reduces seed productivity.

Seeds for sowing should be taken from seed plots. Seeds must meet the sowing standard (I or II class). Before sowing, the seeds are subjected to air-thermal heating, treated with nitragin.

China is an early sowing crop, it is sown in a continuous row or narrow row method, in seed plots - in a wide row, with a row spacing of 45 cm. The sowing rate, depending on the conditions and goals of growing, is from 0,8 to 1,5 million viable seeds per ha, or 1-150 kg/ha. Seeds when sowing close up to a depth of 250-4 to 5-6 cm.

An important method of caring for the crops of the rank is the rolling of the crops. In the fight against weeds, pre-emergence harrowing and 1-2 harrowing by shoots are used. Quite effective on crops are ranks and herbicides. Pre-emergence application of prometrin and linuron destroys annual weeds by 70-80%.

The rank is harvested when 60-80% of the beans ripen in a separate way.

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

China. Basic information about the plant, use in cooking

More than 150 types of rank are known, of which three are the most common: forest, spring and meadow. The scientific name of the genus comes from the Greek "la" - very and "turas" - violent. The plant grows rapidly and violently; in folk medicine, the rank is considered a strong aphrodisiac.

Chinu is called an edible or food plant somewhat conditionally, although in the Mediterranean countries of Central and Asia Minor, the seeds are widely eaten after preliminary thorough washing and soaking in water.

The seeds of the rank contain 30-35% proteins, 38-40% starch, 0,6% fatty oil. However, the shell of the seeds contains phytic acid, which has an exciting effect on the nervous system. To extract this acid, the seeds are soaked in water and then washed thoroughly several times.

Delicious cereals, mashed potatoes, fillings for pies are prepared from seeds, soups are cooked. In the Caucasus, thickened roots are also used as food, replacing potatoes.

Author: Reva M.L.

China, Lathyrus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Arthritis treatment: Prepare a decoction of chiny seeds by adding 2 tablespoons of seeds to 1 liter of water and boil over low heat for 20-30 minutes. Cool and strain, then drink the resulting infusion throughout the day. This decoction helps reduce inflammation and relieve joint pain.
• Improving digestion: Prepare a decoction of dry shoots of china by adding 2 tablespoons of shoots to 1 liter of water and boil over low heat for 30-40 minutes. Cool and strain, then drink the resulting infusion before meals. This decoction helps improve digestion and reduce stomach acid levels.
• Treatment of diabetes: dried sprouts can be used to treat diabetes. Dried shoots need to be crushed and turned into powder. Reception of the powder is recommended to insist on 1 teaspoon of powder per cup of boiling water. This infusion should be drunk every day to lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
• Cough treatment: Prepare a decoction of dried china leaves by adding 2 tablespoons of leaves to 1 liter of water and simmer on low heat for 20-30 minutes. Cool and strain, then drink the resulting infusion 3-4 times a day to relieve cough.
• Headache treatment: Mix 2 tablespoons dried chickweed powder with a little water to make a paste. Apply the paste on your forehead and massage for a few minutes. This helps reduce headaches.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: Mix 2 tablespoons of crushed china seeds with 1 tablespoon of honey and enough water to make a thick paste. Apply the resulting mass on the face and leave for 15-20 minutes. Then wash off with warm water. This mask will help to clear the skin and improve its color.
• Body Scrub: Mix 2 tablespoons crushed chiny seeds with 1 tablespoon olive oil and 1 tablespoon brown sugar. Massage the resulting mixture all over your body, then rinse with warm water. This scrub helps to remove dead skin cells and make the skin softer and smoother.
• Face tonic: Prepare a decoction of chiny leaves by adding 2 tablespoons of dried leaves to 1 liter of boiling water and simmer on low heat for 20-30 minutes. Cool and strain, then use the resulting infusion as a facial tonic. This tonic helps to improve the condition of the skin and make it softer and more elastic.
• Hand cream: Mix 2 tablespoons of crushed chiny seeds with 1 tablespoon of coconut oil and 1 tablespoon of honey. Apply the resulting mass on your hands and massage until completely absorbed. This cream nourishes and moisturizes the skin of the hands, making it softer and smoother.
• Hair oil: Mix 2 tablespoons of crushed china seeds with 1 tablespoon of coconut oil and apply the mixture to your hair. Leave on for 30 minutes, then wash off with warm water and shampoo. This oil helps to strengthen hair and make it softer and shinier.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

China, Lathyrus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

China (Lathyrus) is a genus of perennial plants of the legume family, which includes about 160 species.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing ranks:

Cultivation:

• China is usually grown from seeds. The best time for sowing is early spring or late autumn.
• When sowing seeds, make sure the soil is moist. After sowing, the soil must be compacted and watered.
• Chyna prefers a sunny place, but can also grow in partial shade. Before sowing, the land can be prepared by adding compost or humus to it.
• Chin plants need regular watering. In dry weather, water daily.
• Chyna can be attacked by pests such as leafworms and thrips. Using natural remedies, such as potassium permanganate or garlic infusion, can help control pests.

Workpiece:

• Chyna can be consumed fresh, but it can also be canned, frozen, or dried.
• To preserve the rank, you need to place it in jars, adding salt and vinegar to it.
• To freeze the rank, you need to wash and cut into pieces. The pieces should then be frozen in freezer bags.
• To dry, the chin must be washed and laid out in a single layer on paper towels. Then the rank should be dried in a warm and dry place.

Storage:

• Fresh chickpeas can be stored in the refrigerator in a vegetable bag for up to several days.
• Canned chin can be stored in a cool and dry place for up to a year.
• Frozen chin can be stored in the freezer for up to six months.
• Dried chickpeas can be stored in an airtight container in a cool and dry place for up to a year.

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