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Common hawthorn (prickly hawthorn, smoothed hawthorn, smooth hawthorn). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Common hawthorn (Prickly hawthorn, Smoothed hawthorn, Smooth hawthorn), Crataegus oxyacantha. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Crataegus

Family: Rosaceae (pink)

Origin: The common hawthorn originates from Europe and Western Asia, where it grows naturally.

Area: Common hawthorn is common in many European countries, as well as in Western Asia.

Chemical composition: The fruits of the common hawthorn contain many useful substances, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, acids, pectin and vitamins. In addition, the plant contains ascorbic acid (vitamin C), potassium, magnesium and iron.

Economic value: Common hawthorn is used in medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. In addition, it is used as a sedative and to improve sleep. Hawthorn fruit is also used to make compotes, jams and other desserts. As an ornamental plant, the common hawthorn is grown in gardens and parks for its beautiful flowers and bright fruits.

Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Roman mythology, the hawthorn was associated with the goddess of love Venus, who created it out of love for the god Mars. According to legend, when Venus was dying of hunger, she ate hawthorn berries, and this helped her revive and restore her strength. In other cultures, the common hawthorn is considered a symbol of love and passion, and is used in rituals associated with marriage and love spells. Among the locals of the Balkan Peninsula, the common hawthorn is known as the "tree of life" because its fruits and flowers are used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, neuroses and other diseases. Also, there is a belief that if you plant a hawthorn near the house, it will attract good luck and prosperity. Some people believe that the common hawthorn has magical properties and can protect against evil spirits and corruption. Therefore, in some cultures, hawthorn branches are used in rituals of purification and amulets.

Common hawthorn (Prickly hawthorn, Smoothed hawthorn, Smooth hawthorn), Crataegus oxyacantha. Description, illustrations of the plant

Prickly hawthorn, Crataegus oxyacantha L. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use

The rose family is Rosaceae.

Shrub or low tree with gray smooth bark; young shoots are pubescent, brown-red, with thorns.

Leaves on felt-pubescent petioles, dark green above, light green below, glabrous, densely pubescent along the veins, oblong on fruiting shoots, the lower ones are entire, the rest are incised into three blunt lobes, pointed at the apex, crenate-toothed; on non-fertile shoots - larger.

Flowers in multi-flowered corymbs, regular, white. Fruits are spherical or berry-shaped, juicy, with 2-3 seeds.

Blooms in May - June. The fruits ripen in September - October.

Grows in forest edges.

In nature, the range of the species covers almost the entire territory of Europe. Locations are known in Transcarpathia and on the coast of the Baltic Sea.

Widely cultivated in gardens and parks. Has many garden forms.

Ursolic, chlorogenic, tartaric, caffeic and citric acids, beta-sitosterol, saponins and flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotene, tannins and bitter substances, sorbitol, choline, acetylcholine and fatty oil were found in the fruits.

The leaves and flowers contain chlorogenic, caffeic, crategusic and a number of other acids, flavonoids, hyperoside, quercetin, vitexin, up to 0,2% of essential oil, trimethylamine. Amygdalin glycoside and fatty oil were found in the seeds, and esculin in the bark.

The fruits are eaten fresh. To do this, they are usually harvested after frost. The fruits are candied, using as a filling for pies, as well as for making jam, jelly, coffee and tea surrogates. Flour from dried fruits is added as a spicy-aromatic additive to the dough - vitamin bread with a fruity flavor is obtained.

The use of hawthorn for medicinal purposes has been known since the time of Dioscorides. In the past, it was widely used for insomnia, dizziness, shortness of breath, and various heart diseases.

In modern medicine, prickly hawthorn preparations (obtained from ripe fruits and inflorescences at the beginning of flowering) are used as a means of stimulating the heart muscle, as well as for functional disorders of the heart.

Clinical trials have established that the liquid extract of fruits and inflorescences lowers blood pressure, increases efficiency, reduces pain, relieves the feeling of heaviness and constriction in the heart area.

Hawthorn is prescribed for angioedema, myasthenia gravis, angina pectoris, as a good remedy for insomnia due to nervous excitement, atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal tachycardia, hyperthyroidism with tachycardia. It gives the greatest therapeutic effect in the vegetative-humoral and neurogenic forms of hypertension and is completely ineffective in its nephrogenic form.

Studies on rabbits have shown that prickly hawthorn extract accelerates the reverse development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis - reduces lipid deposits in organs, lowers blood cholesterol levels.

Fruit extract is part of the complex drug "Cardiovalen", used for rheumatic heart disease, cardiosclerosis, angina pectoris, vegetative neuroses. In spasms of blood vessels, the tincture of flowers was much more effective than the tincture of fruits.

Hawthorn preparations do not have cumulative properties.

There is information about their desensitizing effect in various allergic diseases. Used in homeopathy.

Fruits and flowers were used in folk medicine for rheumatism, edema, atherosclerosis, increased thyroid function, migraine, mental disorders in menopause, epilepsy, hypertension; bark of young branches, collected in early spring, as an anti-febrile and astringent, as well as for diarrhea.

Hawthorn bark can be used to make red, brown, and yellow fabric dyes. Ornamental shrubs tolerate pruning well, suitable for hedges.

Honey plants, willingly visited by bees, provide nectar and pollen.

Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.

Common hawthorn (Prickly hawthorn, Smoothed hawthorn, Smooth hawthorn), Crataegus laevigata. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation

The Latin name of the genus Crataegus comes from two Greek words "cratos" - strength, strength and "gigos" - to lead and, apparently, reflects the hardness of the wood and the presence of thorns that serve as a means of protection, or the plant's ability to live long - the age of the hawthorn may reach 300 years.

A large shrub or small tree with an asymmetrical crown, reaching a height of 3-8 m, rarely up to 12 m. The bark of old branches is light gray; twigs olive or reddish brown; young shoots are soft-hairy, later glabrous. Spines 0,6-2,5 cm long, not numerous in cultivated specimens, sometimes there are also leafy spines.

Kidneys are ovoid-rounded, 2-3 mm long. The leaves are bare, thin, paper-like at the beginning, then quite dense, dark green on the upper side, light green on the lower side, obovate in outline, 2-6 cm long, 2-5 cm wide; the lower leaves are entire, only serrated at the apex, the rest are three-lobed; on infertile shoots - larger, wider and more deeply dissected, 3-5-separated. Petioles felt-pubescent, 0,8-2,0 cm long.

Inflorescences erect, sparse, 6-12-flowered, with long bare axes and pedicels. Flowers 1,2-1,5 cm in diameter, white or pink; sepals wide, oval-triangular, open; stamens 18-20, with red anthers; pistils 2, rarely 3. Flowering in May-June.

It grows slowly, shade-tolerant, drought-resistant, frost-resistant. A specimen of this species is known over 400 years old, having a girth of 2,5 m.

The fruits are ellipsoidal, ovoid or almost spherical, indistinctly faceted, red or red-brown in color, rarely yellow or whitish, 7-10 mm in diameter, juicy. Fruit type - apple. Stones 2-3 in number (according to the number of pistils), up to 7 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, convex, with 2-3 grooves on the dorsal side and flat, sinuously striated on the ventral side. Fruiting from August. It spreads with the help of birds (ornithochory).

In nature, the range of the species covers almost the entire territory of Europe.

It grows in shrub thickets, along edges, in rare deciduous and pine forests, in floodplains, on screes and outcrops, especially well on heavy clay soils. It is confined mainly to areas with a pronounced maritime climate.

Ursolic, chlorogenic, tartaric, caffeic and citric acids, sitosterol, saponins and flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotene, tannins and bitter substances, sorbitol, choline, acetylcholine and fatty oil were found in the fruits. The leaves and flowers contain chlorogenic, caffeic, crategusic and a number of other acids, flavonoids, hyperoside, quercetin, vitexin, essential oil (up to 0,2%), trimethylamine. Amygdalin glycoside and fatty oil were found in the seeds, and esculin in the bark.

Fruits harvested after frost are eaten both fresh and canned (candied). They are used as fillings for pies, go to the preparation of jams, kissels, compotes, coffee and tea surrogates.

Dried fruit flour is used in the baking industry to make vitamin bread with a fruity flavor.

Common hawthorn (Prickly hawthorn, Smoothed hawthorn, Smooth hawthorn), Crataegus oxyacantha. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Hawthorn tea: Steep 1 teaspoon of dried hawthorn berries in 1 cup boiling water. Insist 10-15 minutes and strain. You can add honey or lemon to taste. This tea can help improve cardiovascular function, lower blood pressure and lower cholesterol levels.
• Infusion of hawthorn for the treatment of nervous disorders: infuse 2 tablespoons of dried hawthorn berries in 1 cup boiling water for 30 minutes. Strain and drink at a time, 3 times a day. This infusion can help to cope with stress, insomnia and nervous tension.
• Hawthorn ointment for the treatment of hemorrhoids: Mix 2 tablespoons dried hawthorn berries with 2 tablespoons nettle leaves and 1 tablespoon honey. Add enough vegetable oil to make a smooth paste. Apply to the hemorrhoid area 2-3 times a day.
• Infusion of hawthorn for the treatment of colds: infuse 2 tablespoons of dried hawthorn berries in 1 cup boiling water for 20 minutes. Strain and add honey or lemon to taste. Drink hot to reduce fever and improve the general condition of a cold.
• Infusion of hawthorn to strengthen immunity: infuse 1 tablespoon of dried hawthorn berries in 1 cup boiling water for 15 minutes. Strain and drink 2 times a day. This infusion can help strengthen the immune system and protect the body from various infections and diseases.

Cosmetology:

• Hawthorn Facial Toner: infuse 2 tablespoons of dried hawthorn berries in 1 cup boiling water for 30 minutes. Strain and use the infusion as a facial tonic. It will help moisturize and refresh the skin, as well as improve the complexion.
• Hawthorn face mask: Mix 1 tablespoon fresh hawthorn puree with 1 tablespoon honey. Apply to face and leave on for 15-20 minutes. Then wash off with warm water. This mask will help shrink pores, brighten the skin and make it firmer.
• Hawthorn Hand Cream: Mix 1 tablespoon of jojoba oil with 1 tablespoon of coconut oil and 1 teaspoon of hawthorn extract. Add a few drops of lavender essential oil. Mix all the ingredients together and use as a hand cream. It will help moisturize and soften the skin of the hands, as well as strengthen the nails.
• Hawthorn Hair Oil: Mix 1 tablespoon of jojoba oil with 1 tablespoon of burdock oil and 1 teaspoon of hawthorn extract. Add a few drops of rosemary essential oil. Mix all the ingredients together and use as a hair oil. It will help strengthen hair, moisturize the scalp and make hair shiny and healthy.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Common hawthorn (Prickly hawthorn, Smoothed hawthorn, Smooth hawthorn), Crataegus oxyacantha. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Common hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) is a tree or shrub that grows in temperate climates. This plant is of great importance in herbal medicine and is used to treat cardiovascular diseases.

Councils for the cultivation, harvesting and storage of common hawthorn.

Cultivation:

• Hawthorn prefers sunny places with light soils, although it can also grow in heavy clay soils.
• It is recommended to plant plants in spring or autumn, at a distance of 2-3 meters from each other.
• Plants need to be watered regularly, especially in hot weather.
• To promote crown formation, dry or damaged branches should be pruned.

Workpiece:

• Leaves, flowers and fruits of hawthorn are used to make tinctures, teas and tinctures.
• Leaves and flowers are harvested in May-June during flowering, fruits - in September-October.
• Leaves and flowers should be dried in the shade for 1-2 weeks, fruits - in the oven at a temperature of 40-50 ° C.
• It is necessary to store blanks in a dry place, protected from sunlight.

Storage:

• You can store fresh hawthorn fruits in the refrigerator for several days.
• Dry leaves, flowers and fruits do not lose their healing properties when properly stored in tightly closed glass jars or other sealed packaging in a cool, dry and dark place.

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