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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Common dogwood (male dogwood, dogwood). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Common dogwood (male dogwood, dogwood), Cornus mas. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Dogwood (Cornus) Family: Woody (Cornaceae) Origin: The homeland of the common dogwood is located in southern Europe and southwest Asia. Currently, this plant is grown in various temperate zones of the world. Area: Common dogwood is found in the Balkans, Western Europe, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, the Crimea and southern regions of Russia. Chemical composition: Common dogwood is rich in pectins, organic acids, carotene, ascorbic acid, tannins, mineral salts. The fruits contain a lot of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. Economic value: Common dogwood fruits are used to make preserves, jams, syrups, tinctures and liquors. It is eaten fresh and dried. Common dogwood is popular in landscape design, as it has a decorative value due to its bright color and unusual crown shapes. Dogwood has medicinal properties: its bark, leaves and fruits are used to treat coughs, headaches, diseases of the intestines, stomach and other diseases. Legends, myths, symbolism: In Slavic mythology, dogwood was considered a magical plant that has healing properties. Dogwood berries were used to make a potion that increased vitality and helped get rid of diseases. In Chinese mythology, dogwood is associated with longevity and wisdom. Its berries were often used as an antidote and medicine. In Turkic mythology, dogwood was considered the tree of life, symbolizing immortality and longevity. Dogwood berries were also used to make drinks that helped maintain health and strength. In Christian symbolism, dogwood leaves are associated with the martyrdom of Christ. They were used as a symbol of faith and suffering.
Common dogwood (male dogwood, dogwood), Cornus mas. Description, illustrations of the plant Dogwood. Legends, myths, history
According to the myth, the founder of Rome - Romulus - outlined the boundaries of the future city with a spear and plunged his weapon into the ground. And then the spear turned into a dogwood tree. Biblical legend says - in the old days, few trees in the Middle East were large in size. Only one tree was taller than the others, had a thick, straight trunk and fine, strong wood. It was a dogwood. The tree did not want its wood to be used for crosses and gallows. Exhausted Jesus, noticing how upset the dogwood was, said: "For your compassion shown to me, I will make it so that from now on your trunk will be low and crooked, and the flowers, consisting of four petals, will resemble a cross." The dark red fruits of the dogwood represent the blood of the crucified Christ. As a rule, the flowering of dogwood falls on Easter - a Christian holiday celebrating the miraculous Resurrection of Jesus Christ. In many cultures, there is a legend about how God and the devil divided everything living on Earth. When the turn of fruit trees came, the Lord chose cherry, and the devil chose dogwood. The crafty one thought - if the dogwood blossoms early, then it will bear fruit before other trees. However, his expectations did not come true, and people began to mock the devil. The devil got angry and decided to take revenge brutally. The next year, he made the sun shine and warm twice as much as usual. In the fall, dogwood was born many times more than last year. People rejoiced at the rich harvest, but they did not know that a very harsh winter would come after a fruitful autumn. Since then, dogwood has been called the "devil" or "devil's tree", and gardeners have a sign: if a lot of dogwood was born, expect an unusually cold winter. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Dogwood. Legends and tales
They say that when Allah created the world, a blissful spring came on earth. Buds began to bloom, trees turned green, flowers began to appear, Allah ordered that everyone choose a plant for themselves, some cherry, some apple, some peach. Shaitan approached Allah. And he said that he chose dogwood for himself. When asked by the creator why dogwood in particular, he said that it is beautiful, they say, blooms. He chose and was delighted how cleverly he outwitted everyone! Since the dogwood blossoms before all the trees, it means that its fruits will appear early, and the first berry, as you know, is the most expensive. But now summer has come, the fruits of sweet cherries, cherries, apple trees, pears, and peaches have begun to ripen. And the dogwood was still not ripe and still remained hard and green. Shaitan sits under a tree, gets angry: "Yes, ripen soon, Shaitan's berry!" Dogwood does not ripen. Then Shaitan began to blow on the berries, and they turned red-red, like a flame, but, as before, remained hard and sour. - Well, how is your dogwood? people asked Shaitan. “Muck, not berries, take them for yourself,” he answered. In late autumn, when the harvest in the gardens was already harvested, people went to the forest for dogwood. Gathering delicious, ripe berries, they laughed at Shaitan: "Shaitan miscalculated!" Meanwhile, Shaitan was furious with anger and thought how to take revenge on people. And he came up with. The next autumn, he made it so that the dogwood was born twice as much. But in order for it to ripen, it needed twice as much heat. People rejoiced at the large harvest, not suspecting that these were the tricks of Shaitan. And the sun was exhausted during the summer and could not send enough heat to the earth. And such a severe winter came that all the gardens froze over, and people remained a little alive. Since then, there has been a sign: a large harvest of dogwood - to be a cold winter.
Dogwood, Cornus mas L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Shrub or tree up to 10 m high, with a spreading crown in the form of a tent. The leaves are elongated, bristly, light green or bluish green. The flowers are small, yellow, collected in an inflorescence-umbrella; pedicels densely hairy. The fruit is a large oval drupe of dark red color; the bone is elongated. Blooms in late March - early April. The homeland of wild-growing dogwood is Western Asia. The history of this plant goes back to ancient times. Dogwood bones were found by archaeologists in piled buildings in Switzerland, as well as during excavations of the ancient Greek city of Chersonese in the Crimea. As a result of long-term selection, forms with large juicy and sweet fruits were obtained. Especially famous were the new forms growing in the Crimea and the Caucasus. Dogwood is undemanding to the soil; grows on sunny warm slopes. It is propagated by seeds, cuttings, grafting and basal layering. The last way is the easiest. From the thickets of wild-growing dogwood, cuttings are cut and rooted. To preserve the original form in culture, grafting is used. Plants need care, especially during the first years of life. Dogwood tolerates pruning well. They usually form a bush or standard form. The plant bears fruit from the age of five to seven and, under favorable conditions, can produce crops at the age of up to 100 years. The fruits ripen in September. Dogwood fruits contain carotene, organic acids (mainly malic); dark-colored fruits are dominated by P-active and pectin substances. According to the content of vitamin C, dogwood surpasses all, without exception, stone fruits and pome fruits. Dogwood contains a lot of sugars, tannins that give the fruits an astringent taste, potassium and iron salts, and phytoncides. The presence of tannins, rutin, sugars was found in the leaves, and tannins, phytoncides in the bark of the branches. The decoction and infusion of dogwood were attributed with healing properties as early as the time of Hippocrates. Infusion of flowers and fruit juice was used for fever. Until now, cornelian fruits are used by the people to improve appetite and for gastrointestinal diseases. A decoction and infusion of fruits, as well as fruits crushed with stones, mashed with honey and egg yolk, help with diarrhea. Dogwood is also distinguished by high antiscorbutic properties. There is a known case when, during the First World War, thanks to the dogwood concentrate - lavash, scurvy was eliminated on the Caucasian front. Fruits are recommended for metabolic disorders, anemia, gout and skin diseases, and juice - for diabetes. An infusion of branches with leaves is known as a choleretic and diuretic. The bark has a tonic and stimulating effect. Fresh roots are used in homeopathy to treat malaria. Fresh and processed dogwood fruits are eaten. Juice, syrup, jam, jam, compote, jelly, marinade, soft drinks are prepared from them. They are used for processing in a mixture with less acidic fruits. The most popular preparations in the East are turshu and lavash, used as seasonings for meat. Turshu is a boiled juice preserved by an abundance of organic acids; lavash - marshmallow from mashed dried fruit pulp. Dogwood can be prepared for the future by sprinkling it with sugar and placing it in a cool place. Frozen fruits keep well. You can dogwood and dry. The ancient Greeks salted cornel fruits like olives. And today in the Caucasus, from unripe dogwood fruits boiled in salt water with the addition of bay leaves, dill and vegetable oil, a product is obtained that tastes like olives. The wood of the tree is strong, resilient and flexible, yellow-red in color. In ancient times, it was used for the manufacture of sword handles, teeth for mill wheels, clockwork gears, canes, and musical instruments. Now it serves as a substitute for the rare boxwood: beautiful polished crafts are made from it. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Common dogwood, Cornus mas L. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use.
Dogwood family - Cornaceae. Shrub or small tree 200-300 cm high. Leaves ovate, ovate-elliptic, narrowly elliptical or lanceolate, with petiole; the plate is rounded or wedge-shaped at the base, sharp at the apex, entire. The flowers are golden yellow and appear before the leaves. Inflorescence umbellate, 15-25-flowered; pedicels densely hairy. The fruit is an oblong-elliptical or almost cylindrical juicy drupe; the stone is elliptical or fusiform, almost smooth. Blooms in March - April. The fruits ripen in August - September. It grows in forests, especially mountainous, among shrubs, on the edges, on a rocky substrate. Mediterranean look. It occurs in the forests of the Crimea, the Carpathians, in the western forest-steppe regions, in the Carpathian region, island locations are also known in the Cherkasy and Kirovograd regions, in the Caucasus. Industrial stocks of raw materials are concentrated in the Crimean Mountains and the Caucasus. Fruits contain up to 10% sugars, 2-3,5% organic acids (malic, citric, succinic), tannins and pectin, essential oil, up to 0,06% ascorbic acid. Up to 35% fatty oil was found in the bones; in the bark - the glycoside corneisin and bitterness. Tannins are present in all parts of the plant, their content in the bark and leaves reaches 7-15%. Sweet and sour fruits are eaten fresh and dried, they are used in the preparation of confectionery, soft drinks, wines, liquors. They are used as a seasoning for meat and fish dishes, for making sour soups. From well-roasted seeds, a coffee surrogate is obtained, from the leaves - a tea surrogate. The fruit is an astringent that increases appetite. Essence from the fresh bark is used in homeopathy. In folk medicine, the fruits are used mainly as an antiscorbutic, antipyretic, tonic, anti-tuberculosis, for gastrointestinal disorders; bark and roots - as an antimalarial. Outwardly, the fruits were used for migraines, the bark - for furunculosis. The bark and leaves are suitable for dyeing skin and fabrics yellow. Dogwood tanides can be used to tan thick leather. Valuable early spring honey plant, produces a lot of nectar, pollen and glue. An important soil-protective breed. It tolerates a haircut well, acquiring pyramidal, golden and silver-spotted decorative forms. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Dogwood ordinary (turf). The history of growing a plant, economic importance, cultivation, use in cooking
Shrub or small tree 2-9 m high of the dogwood family. Wildly grows in the Crimea, the Caucasus and Central Asia, Cultivated in the Crimea, Moldova, the Caucasus. The fruits are oblong-elliptical or almost cylindrical juicy drupes with a pleasant sweetish-sour taste and a peculiar aroma. They contain up to 10% sugars, some varieties - up to 17 (this is mainly glucose and fructose), 2-3,5-organic acids, mainly malic, citric, succinic, tannic (more than 4%) and pectin substances, flavonoids (1 -5%), vitamins P, C (50-160 mg%), essential oil. Up to 35% of fatty oil was found in the bones, in the bark - the glycoside cornin, bitterness, in the bark and wood - 10-25% of tannins; up to 15% of tannins, rutin, sugar were found in the leaves; the bark of branches and leaves contain dyes; flowers - rutin, isoquercitrin, gallic and ellagic acids. Dogwood fruits are eaten raw, and are also used to make confectionery, soft drinks, wines, and liquors. Sometimes they are used as a seasoning for meat and fish dishes, for making sour soups. Decoction and infusion of fruits are used for diarrhea. It has been established that the fruits have a bactericidal effect on the bacteria of the typhoid-dysenteric group. Studies have shown the positive effect of a mixture of dogwood and wild pear fruit extracts in diarrhea. The importance of dogwood fruits as an antiscorbutic is especially great. Not only raw fruits are suitable in this regard, but also their culinary products containing a significant amount of vitamin C (jam - up to 12-16 mg%, compotes, kissels, etc.).
In folk medicine, dogwood was used for metabolic disorders, gout and skin diseases, and also as a hematopoietic agent. Basically, the fruits of dogwood were used as an astringent, tonic, anti-scurvy, anti-tuberculosis, appetizing agent; roots and bark - as antimalarial, antirheumatic. For gastrointestinal disorders, dogwood fruits were used in the form of decoctions and infusions or crushed fruits mashed with honey and egg yolk, as well as in the form of decoctions of seeds. Outwardly, a decoction of fruits in the form of lotions was used for migraines, and a decoction of the bark mixed with barley flour was used for furunculosis. Jam was used as an antipyretic and analgesic for gastric colic; infusion of branches with leaves - as a choleretic and diuretic; tincture of flowers, juice and infusion of fruits - as anti-febrile. In homeopathy, the essence of fresh bark and roots is used. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Common dogwood (male dogwood), Cornus mas. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The name of this plant should not be confused with plants of the Cotoneaster genus from the Rosaceae family. In Turkic languages the word "kizil" means "red". Dogwood fruits got this name due to their rich scarlet color. Max Vasmer in the "Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language" indicates that the word kizil (or kizil) is borrowed from Turkish, Uighur or Chagatai, where kyzyl means red, or comes from tour. kyzylyk - dogwood, deren, dogwood. Shaitanova berry is the "popular" name for dogwood, which is widespread in the Caucasus and Crimea. According to legend, Allah distributed to all creatures a plant for cultivation. Then Shaitan came to him and asked for dogwood, deciding that since it blooms early, it means that it gives the crop before anyone else. But the dogwood just stands for a long time with green berries and ripens very late, which greatly angered Shaitan. He spat into the bush so that the berries turned black, and gave the dogwood to the people. Since then, they have been happy to pick and eat ripe dark dogwood berries in the fall. Deciduous tree 5-6 m high or multi-stemmed shrub 3-4 m high. The root system is fibrous, mainly at a depth of 40 cm. The branches are horizontally spread, with blackish bark. The leaves are opposite, simple, 3,5-8 cm long, oval, shiny, bright green, with three to five pairs of veins. The flowers are small, golden yellow, bisexual, collected in umbellate inflorescences; in an umbrella 15-25 flowers. The flower is regular, bisexual, the calyx is barely noticeable with four cloves, the corolla is yellow with four petals, there are four stamens, the ovary is lower two-celled, the style is simple, a fleshy disc is developed at its base. It blooms before the leaves bloom in April at a temperature of 8-12 ° C, flowering is extended for 10-14 days. The fruit is a juicy drupe, the stone is elongated-oval. Dogwood fruits have a different shape and size. They are short and long oval, spherical and pear-shaped. The surface of the fruit is smooth, bumpy, slightly bumpy; the color is light red, red (scarlet color indicates a high content of P-active substances - anthocyanins), dark red, dark purple or almost black. The average weight of the fruit is 2-6 g. The weight of 100 fruits, together with the seeds, varies depending on their size and shape - from 190 to 400 g. The weight of the pulp from the weight of the fruit ranges from 68 to 88%. The fruits ripen in late August - September. The natural area of distribution of dogwood is the Caucasus, but its cultural forms are also known in Moldova, Ukraine, Crimea, the Lower Volga and Central Asia. Dogwood fruits are extremely rich in vitamin C and pectin. According to the content of vitamin C, cornel fruits are superior to lemon, mountain ash and gooseberry. Juicy dogwood drupes have a pleasant aroma, sweet and sour, tart, astringent taste. Dogwood is used fresh and processed in cooking, confectionery and canning industries. Dogwood is used to make jam, jam, jam, jelly, and is used to make juices, syrups, compotes, soft drinks, liqueurs, and wines. In the Caucasus, dried turshu and lavash are very popular. Turshu usually contains 10-15% acids, 30-40% invert sugar. Lavash is a thinly rolled dry marshmallow made from the mashed mass of the pulp of wild-growing or cultivated forms of dogwood fruits. Usually lavash contains 15-22% water, 12-16% acids, 35-40% total sugar. In food, not only the pulp of the fruit is used, but also the bones, which serve as raw materials for the preparation of a coffee surrogate. Dogwood leaves are brewed instead of tea. Sometimes the fruits are added to meat and fish dishes and soups as a condiment. Dogwood has medicinal properties: a decoction of the leaves helps with intestinal diseases, a decoction of dried fruits is used as an anti-febrile remedy for colds and for appetite. Dogwood is also known as an anti-diabetic agent. The biologically active components that make up the dogwood berries normalize blood pressure, prevent sclerosis, in addition, the berries are used as a tonic, tonic, anti-inflammatory agent, for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It is believed that cornelian fruit increases appetite. They have antiscorbutic, antipyretic and astringent effects. Dogwood is used as a prophylactic against the risk of poisoning with mercury, lead, etc., since pectins contained in dogwood fruits, by binding harmful substances, help to remove them from the body. An infusion of berries is used for gastrointestinal disorders. It has astringent and phytoncidal properties. Dogwood has been known to man since ancient times. Its bones were found in Switzerland in buildings dating back five thousand years. It is known that the ancient Greeks and Romans salted dogwood like olives. Dogwood plants are used in landscape design - they are very decorative due to their early and abundant flowering, dense intense green foliage, bright, beautiful fruits. They tolerate shearing well, are resistant to dust and gases. They are used in sunny and semi-shady areas to create hedges, under-trees, groups of shrubs. The tannins in cornel bark and leaves are valued in the leather industry. The skin treated with these substances is marked by an original gray-green hue. During flowering, dogwood is an excellent honey plant. Dogwood wood is distinguished by especially valuable properties, dense and hard. There is information in the literature that earlier, for the manufacture of the watch mechanism, the wheels were made from dogwood wood. In one of the archaeological excavations in the layers of the Bronze Age, a sword hilt made of dogwood wood was found. Buttons were made from it in the recent past, and in Dagestan there were craftsmen who were famous for making dogwood canes. The wood is also used to make musical instruments. Dogwood wood was highly valued for making shuttles for looms, arrows, doorknobs, and other small items that require very hard wood. Dogwood wood was also used to make clamping screws for squeezing juice from grapes and fruits, tennis rackets, hammer handles. From the bones in Turkey they made a rosary.
Dogwood, Cornus mas. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation
The genus Cornus L, family Cornaceae unites 49 species living in the northern hemisphere, only one species is found in Africa, in the mountains of Cameroon. All known species live in Central and East Asia, in North America. Only the species Cornus mas L. is cultivated. In the wild, this species lives in the Caucasus, Ukraine, Moldova, the southern part of Western Europe and Asia Minor. It is most widely distributed in the Caucasus, where it grows as an undergrowth in oak or pine forests on the southern slope, up to 1200 m above sea level. seas. In forest communities, it often grows with hawthorn, cherry plum, hazel, blackthorn under the cover of oak, pine, maple, etc. Dogwood is a tree or shrub with a height of 2 to 8 m. The trunk sometimes reaches 30 cm in diameter. Crown in the form of a tent. The wood is very hard, which, apparently, is the reason for the name "cornus", i.e. "horn". The tree-like form of dogwood, in contrast to the multi-stemmed shrub, does not form shoots. Plants are deciduous, inflorescences are umbrella-shaped of 15-20 flowers, bisexual, sometimes with male sterility. Dichogamy established; self-pollination is observed in buds. The fruit is a juicy drupe, red or yellow, oval cylindrical or pear-shaped, up to 3,5 cm long and up to 2 cm wide, the pulp is sour or sweet, astringent, the stone is oblong. Seeds germinate after stratification. Cultivated in a number of European countries. Fruiting is intermittent. The fruits contain: 6,9-9,1% sugars (fructose and glucose), malic acid - 1,8-2,9%, vitamin C - up to 105 mg / 100 g. The fruits are eaten raw, and are also used for preparation of kissels, compotes, jams. Cornelian lavash and other confectionery products are prepared in the Caucasus. Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Dogwood ordinary. Application in cooking
Common dogwood is a shrub or small tree, often cultivated in southern Ukraine, the Caucasus and the Crimea. The fruits are dark red, elongated with a very hard oval-cylindrical stone. The fruits are harvested while they are firm, and then allowed to ripen while lying for a short time. Dogwood fruits contain monosaccharides, malic acid, pectin and tannins, about 55 mg% of vitamin C. They are used in different ways: prepare juices and extracts, liqueurs and wines, tinctures and liqueurs, preserves and jams, fillings and fruit dough, marshmallows and marmalade . The taste and color of all products are pleasant, bright. Often the fruits are dried, compotes are prepared for canning. In Crimea, the local population uses cornelian cherry to make sweet biscuits. Flour is kneaded on cornelian mass prepared like pita bread. Sugar, soda, salt are added to taste. In the Caucasus, dogwood fruits are considered the best seasoning for meat and fish dishes, they are used for sour soups. Cornelian lavash is also made. Well-dried, roasted and ground seeds are used as a substitute for a coffee drink. For therapeutic purposes, a decoction of fruits is used for gastrointestinal diseases, fever, and to improve appetite. Author: Reva M.L.
Common dogwood (male dogwood, dogwood), Cornus mas. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
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Common dogwood (male dogwood, dogwood), Cornus mas. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Common dogwood (lat. Cornus mas) is a tree or shrub native to Europe and Asia. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing common dogwood: Cultivation:
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