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Mustard is black. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
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Content
- Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
- Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
- Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
- Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
- Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Black mustard, Brassica nigra. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Sort by: Brassica
Family: Cabbage (Brassicaceae)
Origin: The plant originates from the Mediterranean and Southwest Asia.
Area: Black mustard is grown in Europe, Asia and North America, as well as in parts of Africa.
Chemical composition: Black mustard contains myrcine, glucosinolates, linoleic, linolenic, eriucic acids, enzymes and other biologically active substances.
Economic value: Black mustard is used as a spice and condiment in cooking, and as a source of oil. It is also used in medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. In addition, black mustard can be used as a fertilizer, and its oil can be used as a lubricant for mechanisms.
Legends, myths, symbolism: The symbolic meaning of black mustard is associated with its pungent taste and smell, which symbolizes strength, energy and passion. In some cultures, black mustard has been used as a talisman to attract wealth, success, and happiness. In Christian culture, black mustard is sometimes associated with religious rites. For example, during Easter, black mustard is often used as a symbolic product that symbolizes sadness and sorrow for the crucified Jesus. In general, black mustard symbolizes strength, energy and passion.
Black mustard, Brassica nigra. Description, illustrations of the plant
Black mustard, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use.
Cabbage family - Brassicaceae
An annual plant. Stem 50-150 cm high, erect, in the lower part, together with the leaves, sparsely hairy. Leaves petiolate; the lower ones are lyre-shaped, with a large notched-toothed apical lobe.
The flowers are small, bright yellow, collected in compressed racemose inflorescences. The fruits are tetrahedral pods with a very thin column. Seeds spherical, dark brown, fine-meshed.
Blooms in June - September. The fruits ripen in August - September.
It grows along the banks of rivers, in garbage places. Runs wild.
Cultivated in the south of Western Europe, the Balkans, Asia (Asia Minor, Tibet, India), North and South Africa, America.
The seeds contain 0,5-1,4% mustard essential oil, 24-41% non-drying fatty oil, the main components of which are erucic, oleic, linoleic, palmitic, lignoceric and linolenic acids, traces of stearic and arachidic acids.
Essential oil is a whitish or yellowish liquid with a pungent odor and taste, it contains the glycoside sinigrin, which, under the action of the enzyme myrosin, gives glucose and essential mustard oil.
Young leaves of black mustard are used in food as a seasoning for various dishes. Green stems, leaves and flowers, powdered seeds are used in the Caucasus as a spice for making cheeses.
Fatty oil is used for food and technical purposes, and defatted seeds are used to make the best varieties of table mustard and in medicine for the production of mustard plasters and essential mustard oil. Mustard oil and mustard plasters are used as a local irritant for pneumonia, bronchitis, neuralgia, rheumatism.
In folk medicine, mustard seeds were widely used in the form of powder or mustard flour inside as an appetite enhancer, laxative and externally as an irritant and cosmetic.
Black mustard has good melliferous properties, surpassing white and Sarepta mustard.
Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Black mustard, Brassica nigra. reference Information
In India, the black mustard species - Brassica nigra (L) Koch - is known as Benares paradise, common in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu. It was introduced into the culture relatively recently and is cultivated as a cold-resistant crop in limited areas.
The seeds are used for various hot spices. It is considered the best for the preparation of mustard powder.
Black mustard is one of the ancient cultivated plants of Europe. It is now known in many countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australia. Not only table mustard, which is spicy, is prepared from seeds, but also oil is obtained and used in medicine. Widely grown in Ukraine.
The black mustard plant has a smooth or pubescent stem in the lower part, green with anthocyanin in the axils of the lateral branches. The fruit is a pod, 1-2 cm long, 4-sided, tuberous. The seeds are small, the weight of 1000 seeds is 1,1-2,3 g, red-brown in color, contain 31-33% vegetable and about 1% mustard essential oil.
The oil has a brown-yellow color, smells like rapeseed. When ripe, the pod "explodes" and the seeds fall off, creating crop losses. The average seed yield is 0,6-1,0 t/ha.
Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.
Black mustard, Brassica nigra. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
- Joint pain treatment: Apply a mixture of equal parts of black mustard powder and vegetable oil to sore joints. Massage for a few minutes, then leave the mixture on the skin for a few more minutes. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times a day until the pain is reduced.
- Cold treatment: To relieve the symptoms of a cold, you can use black mustard tincture. Pour 1 tablespoon of black mustard powder into 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 10 minutes, then strain. Add some honey and lemon juice to improve the taste and drink 1-2 cups a day.
- Cough treatment: to reduce cough, you can use a mixture of equal parts of black mustard powder and honey. Warm the mixture to room temperature and consume 1-2 teaspoons 2-3 times daily.
- Headache treatment: mix black mustard powder with water to make a thick paste. Apply the paste on the temples and leave for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with warm water. This procedure can help manage headaches.
- Strengthening immunity: Black mustard contains a variety of vitamins and minerals that can help boost the immune system. Add black mustard powder to your food or drink it as a tincture to boost your immunity.
Cosmetology:
- Purifying face mask: Mix black mustard powder with water until you get a paste. Apply the paste on your face, avoiding the eye area, and leave on for 10-15 minutes. Then wash off the mask with warm water. This mask will help unclog pores, remove dead skin cells and improve blood circulation.
- Skin firming massage oil: add a few drops of black mustard essential oil to 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil. Mix and apply to the skin while massaging. Black mustard oil will help strengthen the skin and improve blood circulation.
- Toning Body Scrub: mix black mustard powder with vegetable oil and add some sea salt. Use this body scrub to remove dead skin cells and improve circulation.
- Hair Mask: Mix black mustard powder with water until you get a paste. Apply the paste to your hair, avoiding the scalp, and leave on for 20-30 minutes. Then wash off the mask with warm water. This mask will help strengthen hair, improve hair growth and prevent hair loss.
- Anti-cellulite cream: mix black mustard powder with vegetable oil and add some sea salt. Use this cream to massage areas prone to cellulite. Black mustard oil will help warm up the skin and improve blood circulation, while sea salt will help reduce cellulite.
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Black mustard, Brassica nigra. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Black mustard is a plant that is used as a spice in cooking and also has medicinal properties.
Tips for growing, harvesting and storing black mustard:
Cultivation:
- Black mustard can be grown both outdoors and in pots or containers on a balcony or window.
- The plant prefers sunny places and loose, fertile soils. It tolerates drought well, but needs regular watering during seed ripening.
- Black mustard seeds can be sown in the ground in spring or autumn, to a depth of about 1 cm. The distance between plants should be at least 15-20 cm.
- After seedlings emerge, weed the bed regularly to prevent weeds from competing for nutrients and moisture.
- Harvesting is carried out when the seeds are fully ripe and have begun to fall off.
Preparation and storage:
- Black mustard seeds are harvested when they are fully ripe and have begun to fall off. Harvested seeds should be air dried and then stored in a dry, cool place.
- In cooking, black mustard is used in the form of powder or grains for the preparation of sauces, marinades, salad dressings and other dishes. During storage, mustard must be protected from moisture and direct sunlight.
- In folk medicine, black mustard is used to improve digestion, treat diseases of the respiratory system, colds and other diseases. When using for medical purposes, you should consult your doctor and follow the dosage recommendations.
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