Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Carl Friedrich Gauss. Biography

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Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804-1891) and Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). Biography of scientists

Directory / The life of remarkable physicists

Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804-1891)
Wilhelm Eduard Weber

Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
Karl Friedrich Gauss

To unite these two outstanding researchers in one article was made possible by the fact that they worked together on electromagnetic phenomena and together wrote the six-volume work "Investigation of Magnetic Phenomena". The unit of magnetic flux was named after Wilhelm Weber, and the unit of magnetic induction was named after Karl Gauss until 1961 (since 1961, after the introduction of the international system of units SI, this unit was named after Nikola Tesla. Now this unit is off-system and the ratio is as follows: 1 T = 10 4 Gs.

Wilhelm Eduard Weber was born on October 24, 1804 in Wittenberg (Saxony). In 1822 he graduated from the University of Halle, at this university in 1826 he defended his dissertation and taught. In 1831, Weber was appointed to the Department of Physics at the University of Göttingen, where he began his friendship and close collaboration with Karl Gauss. In the course of this work, Weber designed a sensitive magnetometer and a number of other instruments.

In 1837, a new owner came to power in the land of Hanover (where Göttingen was located), who abolished the liberal constitution of this land. Seven university professors (including Weber) wrote a letter of protest, and Weber was fired. Until 1843, he remained unemployed in Göttingen (during this time, together with Gauss, he wrote the capital work mentioned above). In 1843 Weber became a professor at the University of Leipzig. In 1848 he finally returned to Göttingen to his old post. Studying electrodynamic phenomena, Weber theoretically calculated the speed of light 3,1 x 10 8 m/s. This was very close to that found later experimentally by Michelson.

Weber died in Göttingen on June 23, 1891.

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss is one of the greatest mathematicians in the world. He was born April 30, 1777 in Brunswick. There were legends about his phenomenal talent already in childhood. At the request of the teachers, the Duke of Brunswick gave Gauss a special scholarship to study at the privileged Karolinska College. In 1795, Gauss entered the University of Göttingen, but did not finish it. In 1801 he published his first major scientific work, Higher Arithmetic. By 1807 he was already a recognized scientist, and he was invited to the post of director of the Göttingen Observatory.

Gauss became interested in astronomical research and in 1809 published the book The Theory of Motion of Celestial Bodies. This was followed by a number of brilliant mathematical works on hypergeometric functions, on mathematical statistics (Gauss distribution, least squares method), theoretical geodesy, etc. When Gauss learned about the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry by Lobachevsky, he said that he knew about it 20 years before Lobachevsky. Before the appearance of Weber in Göttingen, Gauss had major works in physics, in particular, the theory of potential. By age, Weber was suitable for his sons, despite this, they turned out to be a wonderful creative tandem. After Weber's departure from Göttingen, Gauss was engaged in teaching work (his students were the famous mathematicians Cantori Dedekind), he wrote scientific works until old age.

Gauss died on February 23, 1855 in Göttingen. In Germany, Karl Friedrich Gauss is considered one of the most prominent Germans. His portrait is placed on the banknote of 10 marks.

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