Georg Simon Om. Biography

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Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854). Biography of a scientist

Directory / The life of remarkable physicists

Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854)
Georg Simon Ohm

The remarkable German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854), whose name bears the famous law of electrical engineering and the unit of electrical resistance, was born on March 16, 1789 in Erlangen (Federal State of Bavaria). His father was a well-known master mechanic in the city. The boy Om helped his father in the workshop and learned a lot from him. He would have been a mechanic and continued his father's work, but Om was ambitious, he wanted to become a scientist and work in the best German universities. He went to study at the university in Erlangen and graduated in 1813. His first job was as a teacher of physics and mathematics at a real school in Bamberg.

After several years at the school, Ohm's dream came true. In 1817 he became professor of mathematics at the Jesuit College in Cologne. Here Ohm engaged in research in the field of electricity, using the Volta battery. Ohm made electrical circuits from conductors of various thicknesses, from various materials, of various lengths (moreover, he pulled the wire himself using his own technology), trying to understand the laws of these circuits. The complexity of his work can be understood by remembering that there were no measuring instruments yet and about the strength of the current in the circuit could be judged by various indirect effects. Omu really benefited from the skills he had acquired while working in the workshop with his father. And he also really needed perseverance, because the experiments went on for 9 years.

To characterize the conductors, Ohm in 1820 introduced the concept of "resistance", it seemed to him that the conductor resists the current. In English and French, resistance is called resistance, so a modern circuit element is called a resistor, and the first letter R from Ohm's light hand is still used as a designation for a resistor in circuits. In 1827, Ohm's fundamental work "Mathematical Study of Galvanic Circuits" was published, in which Ohm's famous law was formulated.

It would seem that such a simple mathematical formula, which is now being studied in schools, should deserve universal recognition, but it turned out the other way around. Colleagues took hostility Om's conclusions, ridicule began at him. Offended, Om quit his college in Cologne. In the following years, Ohm lived in poverty, working as a private teacher in Berlin. Only in 1833 did he manage to get a job at the Polytechnic School in Nuremberg.

In the meantime, the importance of Ohm's work was recognized abroad. In 1841 the British Royal Society awarded him a gold medal, and in 1842 elected Om as a full member. Finally, in 1849, Ohm became a professor at the University of Munich. Only 5 years he had the opportunity to fully work and teach. July 7, 1854 Georg Simon Om died.

In 1893, the International Electrotechnical Congress decided to introduce a unit of electrical resistance and named it after Georg Simon Ohm, thus emphasizing the importance of his discovery for electrical engineering.

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