Providing first aid for wounds

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Providing first aid for wounds

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Wounds can be very diverse depending on their origin, degree of tissue damage, microbial contamination, location, depth. Wounds can differ in the nature of the injuring weapon or object: cut, chopped wounds, stab wounds are the deepest and most dangerous; bruised wounds, bitten wounds - dangerous with the possibility of rabies.

With deep wounds, not only the skin with subcutaneous tissue is damaged, but also muscles, bones, nerves, tendons, ligaments, and sometimes large blood vessels. There may be penetrating wounds, accompanied by damage to internal organs. When injured, bleeding, pain, and almost always gaping, i.e., divergence of the edges of the wound, necessarily occur.

It should be remembered that all wounds are infected. In the first hours after the wound, the microbes are mostly still on the surface of such a fresh wound and in a static state, that is, they do not yet multiply and do not show their painful properties. This must be taken into account when providing first aid.

First aid for injury - protection of wounds from secondary pollution. The surrounding skin around the wound should be smeared twice with an alcoholic solution of iodine and a sterile dressing should be applied, avoiding touching the wound itself. Foreign bodies embedded in tissues should not be removed, as this may increase bleeding. Any washing of the wound is prohibited!

1. At scalped wounds the flap is often torn off to the side, with the subcutaneous tissue outward. In this case, it is urgent to lift the flap and also lubricate its skin surface with an alcohol solution of iodine. If the wound bleeds profusely, assistance begins with a temporary stop of bleeding - applying a pressure bandage to the wound, and in case of severe bleeding - applying a tourniquet. In severe wounds of the extremities, transport immobilization is necessary.

The victim must seek medical attention without fail. A patient with any wound must necessarily enter tetanus toxoid and toxoid.

2. In case of bite wounds inflicted by any animal, the victim, after first aid, is immediately sent to the emergency room, where the issue of the presence or absence of indications for prophylactic vaccination against rabies is decided.

3. In case of poisoned wounds (snake bites), one should: squeeze out the first drops of blood from the wound; suck out the poison by mouth for 15-20 minutes (it is safe if the oral mucosa is healthy and saliva is often spit out); lubricate the bite site with a solution of iodine or diamond; apply a bandage; to immobilize the limb; give the victim plenty to drink; transport the victim to the nearest medical facility. It is forbidden: to apply a tourniquet on the affected limb; cauterize the bite site; make incisions in the skin to remove the poison.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko N.V.

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