Providing first aid for bleeding

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Providing first aid for bleeding

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Distinguish arterial, venous and capillary bleeding. Blood from a gaping wound pours out light red rhythmically, in a pulsating stream with arterial bleeding, and a dark color in a continuous continuous stream with venous bleeding. Capillary bleeding - blood from damaged small vessels flows like a sponge.

When providing first aid, a temporary stop of bleeding is used.

Ways to temporarily stop bleeding

Stopping arterial bleeding should always begin with finger pressure on the artery. To do this, the pulsation of the artery is felt, which is pressed against the bone with a finger for a short time, necessary to apply a pressure bandage, tourniquet or twist. Bleeding from a wound located in the region of the shoulder girdle, shoulder and forearm is stopped by pressing the subclavian artery against the XNUMXst rib in the supraclavicular region, and the brachial artery against the humerus along the inner edge of the biceps muscle. In case of arterial bleeding from wounds of the lower limb, the femoral artery in the inguinal fold should be pressed against the pubic bone.

Elevation of the limb, wound tamponade, and a tight pressure bandage can help stop both profuse and most arterial bleeding.

Forced flexion of the limb with fixation in an excessively bent position squeezes the arterial vessel. This effect is enhanced if a tight cotton-gauze roller or any other object is placed on the elbow joint or knee joint and then the limb is firmly fixed in an excessively bent position with a trouser belt.

To stop bleeding from the subclavian region and the upper half of the shoulder, the roller is placed in the axillary region.

The arms, bent at the elbow joints, are brought behind the back and tightly fixed one to the other.

Twisting (tourniquet) is used only when simple and safe methods cannot stop the bleeding, and is used more often when bleeding from an amputated stump.

When applying a twist (tow), the following rules must be observed:

1) give the limbs an elevated position;

2) apply a tourniquet above the wound and as close to it as possible;

3) the tourniquet is superimposed on clothes or some kind of padding (shawl, scarf, towel);

4) stop bleeding with one or two rounds;

5) securely fasten the applied tourniquet;

6) it is unacceptable to stay a tourniquet on the limbs for more than 2 hours in summer and 1 hour in winter;

7) it is necessary to mark in a conspicuous place (forehead of the victim) the date and time of applying the tourniquet;

8) in winter, a limb with an applied tourniquet should be wrapped in clothes or a thick layer of cotton wool.

Victims with temporarily stopped bleeding should be urgently delivered to a surgical hospital in a horizontal position on a shield or stretcher.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko N.V.

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