Poisoning by drugs and alcohol. Health care

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Poisoning by drugs and alcohol. Health care

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Poisoning medications most often observed in children in families where medicines are stored incorrectly (in places accessible to children). Adult poisonings occur in accidental overdoses, suicide attempts, and drug addicts. The manifestation of poisoning is varied and depends on the type of medicinal substance.

Overdose painkillers и antipyretics (butadion, analgin, promedol, aspirin, etc.) there are violations of the processes of inhibition and excitation in the central nervous system; expansion of capillaries and increased body heat transfer. This is accompanied by increased sweating, the development of weakness, drowsiness, which can turn into deep sleep and even into an unconscious state, sometimes with respiratory failure.

The victim must be taken to a medical facility immediately. In case of violation of breathing and cardiac activity, it is necessary to carry out resuscitation measures.

Quite often, poisoning develops with an overdose. sleeping pills (barbamil and others). In case of poisoning, deep inhibition of the central nervous system is observed, sleep passes into an unconscious state, followed by paralysis of the respiratory center. Patients are pale, breathing is shallow and rare, non-rhythmic, wheezing, bubbling.

With preserved consciousness, it is necessary to wash the stomach, induce active vomiting. In case of respiratory failure, artificial respiration is indicated.

In case of poisoning drugs (morphine, opium, codeine, etc.) dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, drowsiness occur. With a significant overdose, deep sleep occurs, an unconscious state that ends with paralysis of the respiratory and vasomotor center. The patient is pale, there is cyanosis of the lips, the breathing is wrong, the pupils are sharply constricted.

First aid - the quick delivery of the victim to a medical institution. When breathing and blood circulation stops, resuscitation measures are taken.

When taking significant (toxic) amounts alcohol fatal poisoning is possible. The lethal dose of ethyl alcohol is 8 g per 1 kg of body weight. Alcohol affects the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, especially the central nervous system. With a severe degree of intoxication, a person falls asleep, then the dream passes into an unconscious state. Vomiting, involuntary urination are often observed. Breathing is sharply disturbed: it becomes rare, irregular. With paralysis of the respiratory center, death occurs.

First aid

First of all, it is necessary to ensure the flow of fresh air. Before the arrival of the doctor, immediately begin gastric lavage to prevent further absorption of alcohol into the blood: make, if possible, the victim drink up to 5 liters of warm water (38-40 ° C). It is better to prepare a solution: dissolve 1 teaspoon of baking soda in 1 liter of water. If vomiting does not occur, then they resort to irritation of the root of the tongue and the bottom of the pharynx. After vomiting, they give a second drink of warm water: this is repeated 4-6 times.

Then they put a cleansing enema with very cold water, with the addition of table vinegar (3 parts of water - 1 part of 6% table vinegar) or table salt (1 tablespoon of salt per 500 ml of water).

Performing this procedure, you need to monitor the patient's condition. Bring a cotton swab moistened with ammonia to his nose (at a distance of 8-10 cm from the nose).

After gastric lavage, it is recommended to give the patient a glass of water at room temperature with 3-5 drops of ammonia; a glass of hot sweet strong tea or coffee, a caffeine tablet. To maintain cardiac activity, it is recommended to give 20 drops of cordiamine or valocordin and put a tablet of validol or nitroglycerin under the tongue.

The patient needs to be warmly covered, overlaid with heating pads or bottles of hot water. Put an ice pack on your head, put mustard plasters on your chest.

When breathing stops and cardiac activity stops, resuscitation immediately begins.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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