Botulism. Health care

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Botulism. Health care

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

botulism - an acute infectious disease in which the central nervous system is damaged by toxins secreted by anaerobic spore-bearing bacilli. Botulism refers to food poisoning, since poisoning occurs when foods contaminated with this bacillus are taken.

Most often, botulism infects foods that are cooked without sufficient hot processing: dried and smoked meat and fish, sausages, as well as old meat, fish, and canned vegetables. The period from ingestion of contaminated food to the appearance of the first signs of the disease is often short - 12-24 hours. In some cases, this period may be extended to several days.

The disease begins with a headache, general malaise, dizziness. The chair is absent, the stomach is swollen. Body temperature remains normal. The condition worsens, a day after the onset of the disease, signs of severe damage to the central nervous system appear: double vision, strabismus, drooping of the upper eyelid, paralysis of the soft palate - the voice becomes slurred, the act of swallowing is disturbed. Bloating increases, urinary retention is observed. The disease progresses rapidly, and the patient dies within the first 5 days from paralysis of the respiratory center and heart failure.

First aid the same as in other food poisonings: gastric lavage with a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate, potassium permanganate with the addition of adsorbents - activated carbon, carbolen; laxatives, cleansing enemas, plentiful hot drinks (tea, milk).

The main method of treatment is the early administration of a specific anti-botulinum serum to the patient, so the patient must be immediately taken to the hospital.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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