Poisoning in children. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Poisoning in children. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Poisoning in children can occur not only as a result of ingestion of toxic substances, but also when they penetrate through the skin and respiratory tract. Poisoning can be observed in children of the first months of life during breastfeeding, if the mother took medications.

First aid in case of poisoning in children, it should be carried out as early as possible. Therapeutic measures depend on how the toxic substance entered the body. The most common way is through the mouth, therefore, along with creating a general favorable environment (peace, access to fresh air, the presence of loved ones), the child needs to rinse the stomach or artificially induce vomiting (in case of poisoning with strong acids or alkalis, it is forbidden to use emetics and induce vomiting because of the danger aspiration).

Most often, as a light emetic, you can use a warm solution of table salt (2 full tablespoons in 1 cup of water), a light soapy solution (1/4 cup), a mustard solution (1 teaspoon of dry mustard in 1 cup of warm water). In addition, vomiting can be induced by pressing a finger on the soft palate.

As a means used for gastric lavage in children, the following are used: boiled slightly salted water (no more than 1%) or 1% sodium bicarbonate solution heated to 35-36 ° C, potassium permanganate solution (1: 1000). Washing should be carried out no later than 12 hours after the poisonous substance enters the stomach.

The amount of flushing fluid used in children of different ages is as follows:

up to 3 months - 500 ml;
up to 1 year - 1l;
up to 5 years - 3-5 l;
up to 10 years - 6-8 l;
older - 8-10 liters.

Before and after washing, it is necessary to introduce a suspension of activated charcoal into the stomach (1-2 tablespoons per 1 glass of water) and leave it there for 5-10 minutes, and then withdraw it. It is advisable to repeat the gastric lavage after 2-3 hours, followed by the introduction of a saline laxative (magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate at the rate of 15-20 g per 100 ml) or vaseline oil (2-3 ml/kg). Then they move on to cleansing enemas.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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