Stomatitis. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Stomatitis. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa of a child. In infants, the mucous membrane is very thin and delicate, so it is easily injured. In addition, fungi of the genus Candida can cause stomatitis. Stomatitis manifests itself as follows: a white coating appears on the tongue and mucous membranes of the mouth. The child becomes restless, eats poorly, slowly gains weight.

There are viral and microbial stomatitis. The cause of the first is often the herpes virus. Children aged 1 to 3 years are especially sensitive to it. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets, through dishes, toys, household items. Viral stomatitis can cause influenza viruses, measles, chicken pox, adenovirus infection. Children of preschool and school age often have stomatitis of microbial origin, which develop with tonsillitis, sinusitis, pneumonia.

Stomatitis can also have allergic roots.

Traumatic stomatitis develops as a result of burns with hot drinks: tea or milk, as well as biting lips, tongue, cheeks, damage to the mucous membranes of the mouth with a pencil, toys (toys with nitro paints are especially dangerous). Breastfeeding babies can injure their mucous membrane with a too stiff and long nipple.

Long-term non-healing stomatitis leads to a decrease in the child's immunity.

Symptoms of acute herpetic stomatitis

Eruptions appear on the lips.

The temperature rises to 38-39°C.

The child becomes capricious, lethargic, loses appetite.

Catarrhal phenomena may begin: runny nose, cough.

On the second or third day, aphthae appear in the oral cavity on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, lips, tongue, the gums swell and bleed, and bad breath occurs.

A small child refuses to eat (it hurts to eat).

The appearance of sores on the oral mucosa - small white plaques.

When to see a doctor

When ulcers appear in the mouth.

What to do before the doctor arrives

1. For the first 3-4 days, rinse your mouth often, every 2-3 hours, especially after eating. For rinsing, use a decoction of calendula, sage, chamomile or oak bark. For small children, irrigate the mouth with a small rubber bulb while tilting the child's head down over the bowl. It is better for a baby of the first year of life to do this procedure by turning the head to one side.

2. After rinsing, the oral mucosa is smeared with an oily solution of vitamin A, rosehip or sea buckthorn oil. For herpetic stomatitis, 0,25% oxolinic ointment is used. Ointments and oil solutions are applied to the mucous membrane of the lips and mouth with a cotton swab wound on a wooden stick or a metal, but not sharp spatula.

3. If the child's lips are covered with dry scales, then before applying the ointment, soften them in an oil solution or in a weak solution of pale pink potassium permanganate, applying cotton wool soaked in the solution to the lips.

4. The child should eat 4 times a day with 3-4 hour breaks (no snacks!). This is necessary so that the drugs have time to be absorbed into the mucous membrane, and it is not injured once again. Feed your child with slimy soups on vegetable broths, mashed boiled vegetables, well-boiled cereals, meat and fish steam cutlets and meatballs. All food should be warm, not cold or hot, salty, sour and sweet dishes are completely excluded.

5. Give your child fruit juices, jelly, rosehip broth.

ATTENTION!

In debilitated premature babies, even a regular nipple can cause damage to the palate mucosa, which causes small sores. Over time, they gradually increase, merge with each other, acquiring the shape of a butterfly. Therefore, for feeding a child, choose the shortest hard rubber nipple - while sucking, it will not injure the palate mucosa.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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