Providing first aid for drowning

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Providing first aid for drowning

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Heating - filling the respiratory tract with liquid (usually water) or liquid masses (silt, mud), causing acute respiratory and cardiac impairment.

Drowning can be caused by fatigue when swimming long distances,injury - a bruise on stones or hard objects when diving, as well as alcohol intoxication. Fainting can occur with a sharp sudden change in temperature when immersed in water; after overheating in the sun; redistribution of blood due to the overflow of the stomach with food; with muscle strain; from fear during an accidental fall into the water.

The nature of assistance to the victim depends on the severity of his condition. If the victim is conscious, he needs to be calmed, take off his wet clothes, wipe his skin dry, change clothes; if consciousness is absent, but the pulse and breathing are preserved, the victim should be allowed to inhale ammonia, free the chest from tight clothing; to activate breathing, you can use the rhythmic twitching of the tongue.

In the absence of cardiac activity and respiration, the simplest methods of reviving the body are used. First of all, you need to remove the fluid from the respiratory tract. To this end, the caregiver puts the victim on his bent knee with his stomach, while the victim's head hangs down, and water can pour out of the upper respiratory tract and stomach. After removing the water, they immediately begin artificial respiration, after quickly cleaning the victim's mouth from sand, silt, and vomit.

The most effective methods of artificial respiration are mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-nose. During artificial respiration, the victim is in a supine position with his head thrown back sharply. This position of the head contributes to the most complete opening of the entrance to the larynx. Breathing mouth to mouth and mouth to nose is best done through gauze or other thin fabric. While blowing air into the mouth, the nose is clamped; when blowing into the nose, the mouth of the victim should be closed and the lower jaw pushed forward. Simultaneously with artificial respiration, an external heart massage is performed, producing 3-4 pressures on the chest after each breath (blowing). Attempts to revive a drowned person by rocking on a sheet, blanket, etc. (pumping out) are pointless and should not take place.

In any condition of the victim, measures are taken to warm the body by rubbing, massaging the upper and lower extremities.

All this is carried out immediately after removing the drowned person from the water (on the shore, in a boat, on a raft) until the arrival of a doctor or delivery of the victim to the hospital, where he will be provided with qualified medical care.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko N.V.

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