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FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
Worms. Medical care for a child
Directory / Fundamentals of First Aid Helminthiasis (infection with worms) is the most common disease among children. Most often, it is diagnosed as a result of a medical examination. But an attentive mother can herself notice that the child has worms. Bad habits appear: the child begins to bite and bite his nails, suck his finger, hold it in his nose, chew on a pen, felt-tip pens, pencils, does not like to wash his hands when he comes from the street, before eating or after communicating with animals, household chores. Enterobiasis is an infection with pinworms (small, about 1 cm, white worms with a pointed rear end). Infection occurs through dirty nails, clothes, bedding, house dust, where the eggs of worms are located. Through the mouth, the eggs enter the intestines, where larvae appear from them, which mature within 12-14 days. After that, the female is already able to lay eggs. At night, when the muscles relax, the female crawls out of the anus and lays a large number of eggs there. Skin irritation occurs, which causes itching. When a child combs these places, the eggs get under the nails, after which the baby himself spreads them to all the things that he touches - a blanket, toys, food. After 6 hours, a small larva appears in each egg, which is viable for 20 days. Pinworms can penetrate the female genital organs, causing vulvitis and vulvovaginitis in girls. The entry of worms into the urinary tract contributes to the occurrence of nighttime urinary incontinence, the development of cystitis. Often, pinworms enter the appendix, causing its acute inflammation, and as a result, surgery. Ascariasis - infection with roundworm eggs. In appearance, the roundworm resembles an earthworm. Adult individuals reach sizes from 15-20 cm (males) to 20-40 cm (females). Ascaris is a very prolific worm. She can lay up to 200 eggs per day. These helminths live 000-1 years. Roundworm eggs, along with the feces of a sick person, enter the soil. Unwashed, soil-contaminated hands are one of the main sources of infection. Often ascaris eggs enter the body with fruits, vegetables contaminated with earth or flies. When a person swallows roundworm eggs, they enter the intestines. Larvae emerge from them, which penetrate the intestinal wall into the bloodstream. Then they migrate to the alveoli of the lungs, after which from the small bronchi to the large ones and the trachea. Having reached the pharynx, the larvae are swallowed with saliva or food and again enter the esophagus, stomach and settle in the small intestine. There they continue to grow and lay their eggs. The duration of this cycle is from 2 to 10 weeks. Symptoms of the disease Itching in the anus. Gritting your teeth in your sleep may indicate a worm infestation. Dry cough, pain and tingling in the chest may indicate the presence of ascaris in the body. The presence of roundworms in the intestines is manifested by problems with the digestive organs: nausea, vomiting, discomfort in the abdomen or attacks of pain in the navel area. A change in the tastes and appetite of a child who begins to eat poorly, even favorite foods, and leans on sweets, especially chocolate. In young children, pallor of the skin, vomiting, bruises under the eyes are observed. Almost all infected babies have symptoms of damage to the central nervous system: irritability, poor sleep, fatigue, a feeling of heaviness of the head, apathy. Often there are behavioral disorders: children are capricious, become absent-minded, suffer from night terrors, their memory and attention deteriorate. In the presence of a large number of worms in a child, they can be woven into a ball. This often causes intestinal obstruction or blockage of the bile duct. In this case, there is acute pain in the abdomen, vomiting with bile impurities, body temperature rises, and jaundice occasionally appears. When to see a doctor When you suspected the presence of worms for the above signs. The doctor will give a referral for a fecal analysis and prescribe medications for treatment. When emergency medical attention is needed If there is a sharp pain in the abdomen and a fever. ATTENTION! Disinfectants against helminth eggs are powerless, but they quickly die under the influence of ultraviolet rays of the sun. Therefore, in sunny summer weather, take out all the linen and mattresses on the balcony or hang them in the garden on a rope. What to do before the doctor arrives If you are sure that the child has worms (seen them), then you can use alternative methods until the doctor has prescribed medication. Folk methods of treatment basically have only an auxiliary effect. Folk remedies for removing worms Pinworm remover Pass the peeled pumpkin seeds through a meat grinder (or chop in another way). Take 2 tbsp. spoons with warm milk. This should be done in the morning, on an empty stomach (before meals). Take a laxative after an hour. Means for getting rid of ascaris You need to eat 5 cloves of ground garlic with a glass of boiled milk. Two hours after taking the mixture, you must take a laxative. 20-30 g of walnut leaves pour 1 liter of water. Boil and strain. Drink on an empty stomach (in the morning) and 1/2 cup before each meal. The prescriptions indicate doses for adults and children over 15 years of age. Depending on age, the dose of drugs varies as follows: up to 2 years - prescribe 1/10-1/8 of the adult dose; at 2 years - 1/8-1/4; from 3 to 4 years - 1/6-1/4; from 4 to 7 years - 1/3; from 7 to 14 years old - 1/2; from 14 to 16 - 2/3 of the dose. To prevent re-infection with pinworms, certain measures must be taken:
From worms it is necessary to treat all family members. Author: Basharova N.A.
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