Bleeding. Stop bleeding. First aid

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Bleeding. Stop bleeding. First aid

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Types of bleeding

1. Arterial. Scarlet blood flows out in a pulsating stream, while a roller of flowing blood forms over the wound, and a large bloody stain is formed on the victim’s clothes or next to him.

2. Venous. The blood is very dark in color and flows passively from the wound.

3. Capillary. Blood oozes sparsely from the entire surface of the wound.

Depending on which organ - internal or external - is damaged, there are also internal and external bleeding.

The reasons internal bleeding there may be a blow to the stomach, chest or head, a broken bone, stab or gunshot wounds. Symptoms of internal bleeding may not appear for hours or even days after the injury, but sometimes it shows obvious signs such as bruising, bleeding from the nose, ears, etc.

RџSЂRё external bleeding it is necessary first of all to stop the blood so that a clot forms, which serves as a barrier to further bleeding and accelerates healing.

Ways to stop bleeding

Direct pressure on the wound carried out with a clean cloth, gauze pad or just by hand for 10-15 minutes. If the wound continues to bleed, add more padding while continuing to apply pressure.

Elevation of the bleeding limb carried out if blood flows from the arm or leg, and there is no fracture, carefully and slowly so that the limb is slightly above the level of the heart, while bleeding slows down.

Indirect pressure on the wound is carried out if it was not possible to stop the bleeding by direct pressure or lifting the limb, while pressing with fingers or a fist at the points of arterial occlusion. On the extremities, the pressure point of the artery should be higher than the site of bleeding. On the neck and head - below the wound or in the wound.

The imposition of a tourniquet. If a combination of direct and indirect pressure does not stop the bleeding, a tourniquet will have to be used. When a tourniquet is applied, the blood supply to the tissues is disrupted. Before applying a tourniquet, the injured limb should be left in an elevated position.

First aid procedure for bleeding

When a limb is injured:

1) raise the limb and press the artery with a finger or fist;

2) apply a hemostatic tourniquet (for arterial bleeding) or a tight pressure bandage (for venous bleeding);

3) completely cover the wound with a clean cloth;

4) fix the napkin with a bandage or adhesive tape.

It is unacceptable to wash the wound with water, pour alcohol and any other solutions into it.

For chest injury:

1) press the palm to the wound so that air does not flow through it into the chest cavity;

2) apply an airtight bandage or adhesive plaster to the wound.

It is unacceptable to remove foreign objects from the wound at the scene. The victim is transported only in a sitting position.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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