Help with frostbite

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Help with frostbite

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

RџSЂRё frostbite there is a strong whitening of the skin and loss of sensitivity in the affected areas, and then swelling and blisters appear. When providing assistance in case of frostbite, the main thing is to prevent the rapid warming of supercooled areas of the body, since they are detrimental to warm air, warm water, the touch of warm objects, even hands. Before the victim enters the heated room, the supercooled areas of his body (most often hands, feet) must be protected from heat by applying heat-insulating dressings (cotton-gauze, woolen, etc.). The bandage should cover only the area with severe blanching of the skin, without capturing unaltered skin. Otherwise, heat from areas of the body with unimpaired blood circulation will spread under the bandage to supercooled areas and cause them to warm from the surface, which will lead to the death of surface tissues.

After applying a heat-insulating bandage, it is necessary to ensure the immobility of supercooled arms and legs, since their vessels are very fragile and therefore hemorrhages are possible after restoration of blood flow. To do this, you can use tires, as well as any material at hand: pieces of thick cardboard, plywood, boards. For the foot, two planks should be used: one for the length of the lower leg with the transition to the thigh, the other for the length of the foot. They need to be firmly fixed at an angle of 900.

On supercooled areas of the body, the bandage should be left until a feeling of heat appears and their sensitivity is restored.

To replenish heat in the body and improve blood circulation, the victim should be allowed to drink hot sweet tea or coffee.

In case of general hypothermia with loss of consciousness, the basic rule of first aid is the imposition of heat-insulating bandages on the hands and feet of the victim before bringing him into a warm room.

If the victim has icy shoes, then you should not take them off, but you need to wrap your legs with a padded jacket, coat or other improvised material. The victim should be urgently delivered to the nearest medical institution, without removing heat-insulating bandages.

Authors: Afanasiev Yu.G., Ovcharenko A.G., Trutneva L.I.

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