Providing first aid for bleeding

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Providing first aid for bleeding

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Intensity bleeding depends on the type of damage to the blood vessel. Small cuts tend to bleed a little. When large blood vessels (arteries or veins) are damaged, blood flows out quickly, and bleeding can be life threatening.

Signs arterial bleeding are rapid and profuse bleeding, severe pain in the damaged part of the body, bright red color of blood, blood spurts from the wound in a fountain.

RџSЂRё venous bleeding blood is dark red or burgundy in color and flows from the wound continuously and evenly.

First aid for minor wounds

1. Lubricate the edges of the wound with an antiseptic (an alcoholic solution of iodine, a solution of hydrogen peroxide, and in their absence, ethyl alcohol, vodka or cologne).

2. Without touching the surface of the wound, carefully remove loose pieces of clothing and other foreign bodies lying on it.

3. Apply a sterile (aseptic) bandage to the wound or seal it with a bactericidal plaster.

RџSЂRё any heavy bleeding you need to do the following:

raise the injured part of the body so that it is, if possible, above the level of the heart;
apply a sterile swab-bandage or clean cloth to the wound and press it against the wound;
apply a pressure bandage, for this, completely bandage the damaged area; if blood seeps through the bandage, apply additional napkins over the first bandage and bandage again; when applying a bandage to an arm or leg, it is necessary to leave the fingers open, they can be used to determine whether the bandage is not tightly applied; if the fingers begin to get cold, numb or change color, loosen the bandage slightly;
call an ambulance.

RџSЂRё arterial bleeding you can apply the method of digital pressing of the arteries. This method is used to temporarily stop bleeding in the extremities. Pressing the artery is performed above the damage, in the place where the artery is not very deep and can be pressed against the bone. The main points of digital pressure are two: the shoulder and the femur.

The imposition of a hemostatic tourniquet is the most effective way to completely stop arterial bleeding. A tourniquet is applied to the limb above the damaged part by about 5 cm. Instead of a tourniquet, you can use a wide strip of matter folded several times. It is wrapped twice around the limb and tied into one knot. Then some kind of stick (plank, scissors) is inserted into the loop and this tourniquet is twisted to such an extent until the bleeding stops. The stick (plank, scissors) is fixed with a double knot. A note is fixed under the tourniquet indicating the time of its application. Do not leave a tourniquet on the limbs for more than two hours. It is recommended to dissolve the tourniquet after one hour for a few minutes, and then tighten it again.

With venous bleeding, it is sometimes enough to raise the victim's limb higher and apply a pressure bandage.

Remember that in case of severe bleeding, you must definitely call an ambulance. To do this, call 03 and tell the dispatcher the following information:

exact address (street name, house and apartment number, floor, characteristic landmarks);
the phone number from which the call is made;
surname, name and patronymic of the victim;
what happened and what is the condition of the victim.

Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.

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