Occupational safety instructions for steel and reinforced concrete bridge installers

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Occupational safety instructions for steel and reinforced concrete bridge installers

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed:

medical board, special technical training and passed exams;
introductory and primary briefings;
on-the-job training.

Re-testing the knowledge of the workers of the safety rules is carried out once every 1 months.

1.2. The installer must know:

the impact on a person of dangerous and harmful production factors that arise during work;
rules for the provision of first aid;
safety and industrial hygiene requirements.

1.3. The installer must:

perform only the work included in his duties or the work assigned by the master;
master safe working practices;
keep the workplace in good condition and clean;
comply with the requirements of prohibition and warning posters;
comply with the internal labor regulations;
fulfill the requirements of the regime of work and rest.

1.4. During work, the installer may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful production factors:

objects falling from a height;
insufficient illumination of the workplace;
increased voltage of the electrical circuit;
increased levels of noise and vibration;
physical overload.

1.5. The fitter is allowed to work in the presence of the following personal protective equipment: cotton suit, combined gloves, boots with non-slip soles.

In winter, additionally: a jacket and trousers with a warm lining, felt boots with a rubber bottom.

1.6. The installer must know:

a) internal regulations, especially in terms of the prohibition of being at work in a state of alcoholic or drug excitement

b) fire safety rules;

c) rules of personal hygiene.

1.7. The installer must be able to provide assistance to victims of injuries.

1.8. When traveling to the place of work and back by car, strictly observe the rules for transporting people by car and follow the commands of the car's supervisor.

1.9. The following rules must be observed on the territory of the construction site:

a) be attentive to the signals given by crane operators and drivers of moving vehicles, and follow them:

b) not be under the lifted load;

c) pass only in places intended for passage and indicated by signs:

d) wear a helmet;

e) it is forbidden to use lifting mechanisms for lifting people;

e) do not go beyond the fences of hazardous areas;

g) avoid places where work at height is carried out at a safe distance, since objects may fall from a height;

h) in order to avoid eye disease, do not look at the flame of electric welding;

i) do not touch electrical equipment and electrical wires (especially beware of bare or broken drives); do not remove guards and protective covers from live parts of the equipment;

j) do not eliminate the malfunctions of electrical equipment;

k) not to work on mechanisms without undergoing special training and obtaining a permit;

l) perform only assigned work;

m) not to use the sanitary facility for other purposes (as an overnight stay, etc.);

o) in case of an accident, immediately seek medical help and at the same time inform the foreman (foreman) about the incident;

o) noticing a violation of instructions by other workers or a danger to others, do not remain indifferent, but warn the worker and foreman about the need to comply with the requirements that ensure the safety of work.

1.10. The installer must be aware that in case of violation of the requirements of the instructions, he is liable in accordance with applicable law.

1.11. The installer has the right not to follow the instructions of the administration if they contradict the safety requirements of this manual.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Check the serviceability and suitability of all rigging devices, make sure that the mounting crane is installed securely.

2.2. Prepare the installation tool for work.

2.3. Inspect fences, scaffolding, scaffolding and make sure they are in good condition and stable.

2.4. If you find faults or defects in rigging devices (breakage of strands of rope, bending, breakage of traverses, containers), mounting tools or fences, report this to the foreman and start work only with the permission of the foreman.

2.5. Check the sufficiency of workplace lighting.

2.6. In order to avoid electric shock, carefully inspect the nearby electrical wiring: if you find bare, bare wires, immediately report this to the master.

2.7. Simultaneous work at different levels along the same vertical is prohibited.

2.8. Familiarize yourself with the technological map of the operational installation of reinforced concrete structures.

2.9. Workplaces located at a height of 1,3 m or more, as well as the decking of scaffolding, ladders, cradles, must be fenced with railings or metal meshes with handrails at least 1 m high.

2.10. Scaffolding and scaffolding must be accepted by the superintendent.

2.11. Passages, driveways and the workplace itself must be regularly cleaned of construction debris, and in winter from snow and ice and sprinkled with sand, slag or ash.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

A. When installing reinforced concrete structures

3.1. The workplace must be cleared of foreign objects and planned.

3.2. Keep unauthorized persons out of the installation area.

3.3. Before lifting the mounted element, the installer must make sure that reinforced concrete beams, frame posts and other elements are equipped with mounting ladders or hanging cradles for subsequent mounting operations (release of slings, fixing knots, installation of crossbars)

3.4. The installer must ensure that the zone dangerous for people during the movement, installation and fixing of elements and structures is marked with clearly visible warning signs or warning signals.

3.5. Blocks and reinforced concrete structures should be cleared of ice, snow and dirt. It is forbidden to lift blocks and pillows covered with soil or snow, as well as frozen to the ground.

3.6. Slinging blocks of prefabricated reinforced concrete superstructures and concrete blocks of bridge supports should be carried out according to previously developed schemes.

3.7. Slinging points, axle marks and height marks on the elements to be mounted must be marked before slinging and lifting the blocks.

3.8. Between the slings and the sharp edges of the elements, wooden spacers must be installed, attached to the structure or cable.

3.9. When lifting structures, the signaling should be organized in such a way that all signals to the crane operator, as well as to workers employed on guy wires, are given only by one person who manages the lifting and installation of structures (as a rule, the foreman, in especially critical cases, the crane operator must be notified, whose instructions he must follow). When the installers work outside the field of view of the crane operator, reliable communication between them must be ensured.

3.10. When moving horizontally, the structures must be raised at least 0,5 m above the obstacles encountered on the way. It is forbidden to carry structures over people.

3.11. Lifting elements with a weight close to the maximum carrying capacity should be carried out in two steps: first, lift the load by 200-300 mm, inspect the load and cables, and then give a signal to the crane operator to lift and move the structure.

3.12. During the installation of spans of bridges, it is prohibited for people to stay on the coastal and intermediate supports.

3.13. The admission of workers to the support platforms for the precise installation of the span is allowed only after the gap between the structure to be installed and the support platform is no more than 10 cm.

3.14. When mounting structures with a jib crane, it is prohibited to use braces attached to the structure being installed and going to winches installed outside the crane.

3.15. When performing work on the device of glued joints of reinforced concrete blocks using epoxy resin, the installer must follow the local instructions.

3.16. The installation of supports from blocks must be carried out by the installer according to the layout schemes, with strict observance of the overhangs of the blocks indicated in the scheme and the dressing of the seams.

3.17. When supplying blocks to the pit, it is forbidden to stay in it

3.18. When installing supports from shell piles, the installer is obliged to receive instructions from the foreman on the procedure for performing operations for lifting piles with a crane from a horizontal position to a vertical one and observing safety conditions during this operation.

3.19. During the lifting of the pile-shell, the installer must not allow the rope of the load-handling hook to deviate from the vertical position.

3.20. Before starting work, all workers involved in vibro-driving shell piles must undergo training with experimental immersion of at least 2 shells with a diameter of up to 1,6 m or one with a diameter of up to 6 m. In the process of experimental work, all mechanisms must be tested, identified and their bugs have been fixed.

3.21. Workers engaged in attaching the head of the vibrator should be placed on inventory metal platforms with railings at least 1 m high.

3.22. Access of workers to the top platform of the shell to attach a section of the shell or a vibrator in it is allowed only after the cap is lowered to the top of the shell at a distance of no more than 15 cm.

3.23. The top of the submerged shell, which rises less than 1 m above the working platform or the deck of the floating conductor, must be covered with a strong shield.

3.24. Areas that are dangerous for the movement of people during installation must be fenced off and equipped with warning signals. It is forbidden for people to stay on the floors below the one on which construction and installation work is carried out (in one grip), as well as in the zone of movement of elements and structures by cranes.

3.25. Slinging of the lifted elements should be carried out only with flexible steel slings with a tag. The slings should be easy to put on and take off from the hook of the hoisting mechanism, as well as easy to get rid of the structures or elements being lifted. The slings should not have knots, loops or twists. When lifting under the sharp edges of the structure, wooden spacers should be placed to prevent chafing of the cable. Lifting is carried out using all available mounting loops.

3.26. Slinging of reinforced concrete elements is carried out according to the developed schemes.

3.27. It is forbidden to be under the lowered product or to allow them to be carried over the workplaces.

3.28. Do not tighten products before lifting or lowering.

3.29. When lifting the product, stay at least 1 m away from it.

3.30 After installing the product, loosen the cables, again make sure that it is correctly installed in the design position.

3.31. Do not leave lifted products suspended.

3.32. It is forbidden to lay the mounted products on the platform decks.

3.33. It is forbidden to take the product by hand for installation if it is raised above the installation site by more than 50 cm.

3.34. It is forbidden to lift or transfer the installed products after unhooking the slings.

B. When installing precast concrete structures

3.35. When assembling structures, follow the flow sheet for the step-by-step installation of reinforced concrete products and the instructions of the master, foreman.

3.36. Do not exceed the maximum lifting capacity of the crane at a given reach of the boom and the maximum lifting capacity of rigging devices (slings, etc.).

3.37. It is forbidden to move people with a crane.

3.38. When installing partitions, securely fasten the traverse and prevent its spontaneous detachment. Pay close attention to the load while it is being lifted and moved.

3.39. When installing floor slabs and landings, slinging should be carried out for all loops and not allow the stacked element to be skewed.

3 40. Unslinging of mounted elements (slabs, balconies, cornices) should be carried out after their installation in the design position and welding of the embedded loops of the mounted element with the anchor.

3.41. Slinging of long elements should be carried out with at least two slings, and during installation, it is necessary to control the elements from a distance with rope extensions attached to both ends of the element being mounted.

3.42. Welding and embedding of units of installed reinforced concrete structures must be carried out from ceilings fenced at the workplace, mobile scaffolds with fenced platforms or from hanging cradles. The welder must have a bag for collecting cinders.

3.43. Reinforced concrete columns and frame racks must be equipped with mounting ladders or hanging cradles for subsequent installation work and release of slings, as well as for fixing or welding knots and installing crossbars.

3.44. For the transition of installers from one structure to another, assembly ladders, walkways and ladders should be used. Movement along the lower chord of a truss or beam is allowed only if there is a rope stretched along them to engage the carabiner of the safety belt. The rope must be pulled tight, sagging or loosening is not allowed.

3.45. For winding structures and installing them in place, it is necessary to use special crowbars or braces, and people are not allowed under the installed elements.

3.46. Separation of the raised structure from the lifting hook or braces should be carried out only after the structure has been placed on a sufficient number of bolts in accordance with the project for the production of works.

3.47. The installation of bolts should be done with assembly keys of the appropriate sizes. It is forbidden to put a gasket between the cheeks of the key and the nut, as well as to use keys with knocked-down jaws.

3.48. Unslinging of the installed elements is allowed only after a strong and reliable fastening:

a) columns - anchor bolts or conductors and guys:

b) truss trusses - with braces, followed by connection with girders and connections with previously installed and fixed trusses:

c) crane beams and truss trusses - with bolts in an amount of at least 50% of the design amount:

d) elements with welded attachment according to the project - with temporary mounting bolts with full filling of all bolt holes.

Safety measures for longitudinal and transverse sliding of span structures of the bridge.

3.49. When sliding superstructures, the installer must ensure that the cables of the brake and bracing devices are constantly taut during the sliding, and the traction devices ensure smooth movement without jerks.

3.50. During the sliding of the superstructure, the assembler should only be in designated safe areas, equipped with scaffolds, decks and railings.

3.51. During the sliding of superstructures, the installer is obliged to comply with the established procedure for placing, changing and accounting for rollers.

3.52. The installer must constantly monitor the correct position of the superstructure on the supports and, in case of distortions and other deviations, immediately inform the superintendent to make the necessary decisions.

3.53. The installer must ensure that the gap between the span and the safety cage is no more than 3 cm.

3.54. During the sliding of the superstructure, the installer is prohibited from leaving his site.

3.55. The speed of movement of the span during rolling on rollers should not exceed 0,5 m per second, and when rolling on roller carts - 2 m per second.

3.56. During breaks in work, the installer must secure the rollers and transfer trolleys with wedges.

Safety measures when installing superstructures on supports.

3.57. The installer is obliged to carry out work on the installation of superstructures on supports from scaffolds limited by a railing.

3.58. It is forbidden to leave a superstructure on supports that is not secured in a stable position with braces, struts and other auxiliary devices.

3.59. Installers can lower the span only with jacks at two points on one of the supports and at the command of the work foreman. Jacks are lowered by pledges of several centimeters.

3.60. When raising and lowering the superstructure, the installer must ensure that the ends of the superstructure descend evenly. The difference in the marks of the 2 ends of the span should not exceed 25 cm. Skews of the span in the transverse direction are not allowed

Safety measures for suspended installation of superstructures.

3.61. Before the beginning of the suspended installation of superstructures, the following must be checked and issued with an act:

paths for the movement of lifting devices and all auxiliary devices;
crane for hinged assembly;
crane with traverses used to supply blocks to vehicles;
vehicles for transportation of blocks;
anchor protrusions of blocks for filling cables and embedded parts in blocks.

3.62. Before starting the tension of the reinforcement of the mounted span, an acoustic signal should be given and everyone not related to work in the tension chamber should leave the tension zone.

3.63. When tensioning the armature, the hydraulic jack control panel must be outside the danger zone.

3.64. When tensioning the reinforcement with single-action jacks, the installation of embedded washers by hand is prohibited.

3.65. Entry of a crane onto an installed block to lift the next block is allowed only after tensioning all the reinforcement that secures the 1st block to the design mounting force.

3.66. All external edges of the mounted part of the superstructure console must be equipped with railings 1 m high, which are lengthened or transferred as the blocks are installed.

3.67. The floating support used for the transportation of superstructures must have emergency anchors.

3.68. The movement of superstructures on water and installation using a floating support is allowed to be carried out at a wind speed of not more than 5 m per second.

3.69. It is forbidden to work with a floating crane with the support of the scaffold on the bottom soil. The depth of the water area for the operation of the crane must be at least 1,2 pantone heights.

3.70. When supplying blocks for installation afloat, the installation of the block must ensure uniform loading of the ram.

3.71 During the lifting of the block submitted for installation afloat, the floating craft must be in its original position and securely held by tugs or cables going to the winches

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of a malfunction of the crane, rail track, lifting devices or technological equipment, the installers are obliged to give the crane operator the STOP command and inform the work manager about this.

4.2. If an unstable position of the mounted structures, technological equipment or protective equipment is detected, the installers must notify the work manager or foreman about this.

4.3. When weather conditions change (wind speed increases to 15 m/s or more, with snowfall, thunderstorm or fog), which impair visibility, work must be suspended and reported to the manager.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

Upon completion of work, installers must:

5.1. Finish fastening the installed element, do not leave loose parts at the height.

5.2. Put technological equipment and protective equipment for workers in the place allotted for storage.

5.3. Clear the workplace from waste building materials and mounted structures and put it in order.

5.4. Close access to unfinished and dismantled scaffolding, scaffolding, crossings, close passages to them and hang up warning posters "Passage is prohibited."

5.5. If the work was carried out from the cradle, it should be lowered down, the winch handles removed and handed over to the pantry.

5.6. Report to the manager or foreman about all the problems that have arisen in the process of work.

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