|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection when working on the fuel oil economy of a thermal power plant
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. Fire prevention measures 1.1. Oil warehouse. 1.1.1. Driveways in a warehouse with oil tanks must have lighting, be connected to public roads, be in good condition, be repaired in a timely manner, and be cleared of snow in winter. 1.1.2. The territory of the fuel oil warehouse must be regularly cleaned of combustible waste. Periodically mow the grass, including on the slopes and enveloping of the tanks, and take it out of the warehouse. Drying grass and storing it on the territory of the fuel oil farm is prohibited. Travel roads must be illuminated, in good condition, and cleared of snow in winter. 1.1.3. On the territory of the warehouse with fuel oil is prohibited:
1.1.4. Smoking is allowed only in specially designated and equipped areas, which must have safety signs posted - "Smoking Area". At the fuel oil farm, the smoking area is located on the street between the R-2 embankment and the fuel oil pump room. 1.1.5. Places where fuel oil, oil or other oil products are spilled, including inside tank bunds, should be immediately cleaned up and covered with sand. 1.1.6. Safety signs (mandatory, prohibitive, indicative) must be installed at the fuel oil facility in accordance with the current state standard. 1.1.7. In springtime, as well as after heavy precipitation, the condition of the slopes of bulk tanks and their embankments should be constantly monitored. The results of the inspection should be recorded in the operational log. Landslides and other violations should be eliminated as soon as possible. 1.1.8. When inspecting tanks, as well as during measurements and sampling, the shoes of the service personnel should be such that sparking is excluded, and clothing should be made of fabrics that do not accumulate static electricity. Only explosion-proof rechargeable flashlights should be used for illumination. 1.1.9. Valve chambers and pipeline channels should be kept clean, regularly cleaned of spilled oil products, water and other substances. 1.1.10. Lightning protection devices, electric lighting of buildings and the territory of fuel oil warehouses, a discharge berth (pier), as well as security lighting around the perimeter must be kept in good condition. 1.1.11. Fuel oil storage tanks must be grounded. Grounding reliability is checked annually before the start of the thunderstorm season. 1.1.12. Repair of tanks, cisterns, containers, etc. should be carried out only after they are completely freed from fuel oil, pipelines are disconnected from them, all hatches are opened, thorough cleaning (steaming, washing), air sampling for analysis for the absence of explosive concentrations. All preparatory work is recorded in the operational logs of the workshop and the fuel oil economy. 1.1.13. Sewer wells, drains, trays and channels should be systematically checked to detect and eliminate the formation of explosive concentrations of oil vapors and toxic gases. 1.2. Drainage trestle and jetty. 1.2.1. On the drain rack, the trays must be constantly closed with fireproof removable plates, and in the places of installation and discharge of railway tanks - with hinged lids. Hydraulic valves must be systematically inspected and cleaned. 1.2.2. Concrete platforms for overpasses and the berth, their side railings (to prevent fuel oil from spreading) should be periodically inspected and repaired to eliminate potholes and cracks. 1.2.3. Stairs and ladders of the drain rack must be kept clean and repaired in a timely manner. 1.2.4. Railway tracks, overpasses, pipelines, devices for heating tanks, flexible hoses with metal tips must be grounded. For the reliability of grounding, control must be established. 1.2.5. Maintenance personnel are obliged to constantly monitor the progress of draining operations and the condition of the equipment. Fuel oil leaks must be immediately eliminated, and if it is impossible to quickly eliminate them, drain operations must be stopped until the defects are completely eliminated. 1.2.6. It is forbidden to move a diesel locomotive along the railroad tracks of the unloading overpass. Railway tanks under the drain should be fed in and out smoothly, without jerks and jerks. 1.3. Oil pump room. 1.3.1. The fuel oil pump room must be kept clean at all times. 1.3.2. It is prohibited in the premises of the oil pumping station:
1.3.3. Personnel are obliged to periodically check the tightness of the seals of cables and pipelines with non-combustible materials when they pass through walls and ceilings. 1.3.4. Prohibited in the fuel oil industry:
1.3.5. By order of the OKTC, persons responsible for turning off electrical appliances at the fuel oil economy were appointed. 2. Fire safety measures on process equipment during its preparation for start-up, operation and after repair 2.1. Fuel oil equipment. 2.1.1. Before starting the equipment, the following must be checked:
2.1.2. Oil leaks at valves, filters, flange connections or equipment seals must be repaired immediately. If significant fuel oil inflows are detected that violate the normal operation of the equipment, the backup equipment should be turned on, and the damaged equipment should be emergency stopped. It is forbidden to clean the premises using flammable and combustible liquids (gasoline, kerosene, etc.). 2.1.3. Heating of frozen pipelines and fittings must be done only with steam, hot water or sand. 2.2. Oil warehouse. 2.2.1. It is forbidden to fill tanks that have settled, have malfunctions in connecting pipelines, stuffing box packings, control valves, fire extinguishing systems, measuring devices and other design flaws that affect their safe operation. 2.2.2. For level measurement and sampling of fuel oil, as a rule, fixed systems of measuring devices should be used. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to perform these operations manually through hatches, but during the daytime. Sampling hatches on the inside must have protective covers made of non-sparking metal. 2.2.3. All repair work inside tanks and reservoirs should be carried out with open hatches and active forced ventilation only after cleaning them from deposits and dirt, analyzing the air environment, confirming that the content of harmful substances is not higher than the MPC and oxygen (20% by volume is enough). 2.2.4. Automatic installation of foam fire extinguishing oil tanks must be in good condition and always ready for work. 2.2.5. Operational personnel are obliged to ensure constant supervision and control of the corrosive state of fuel oil tanks by inspecting the tanks. Inspection of fuel oil tanks is carried out daily, while attention should be paid to the condition of thermal insulation, the presence (absence) of leaks, the condition of the supply and discharge pipelines, compensating devices. Visually check:
Report the results of the inspection when bypassing fuel oil tanks to the shift supervisor of the OKTC and make an entry in the operational log. Identified defects must be recorded in the defect log, in the operational log of the fuel oil economy and immediately eliminated. If cracks or damage to the thermal insulation are found, it is necessary to restore the insulation. 2.2.6. Periodically, according to the schedule, fuel oil tanks should be cleaned of deposits and the thermal insulation of the tanks should be repaired. 2.2.7. At least once a month, according to the schedule, the operation of the automation of the foam fire extinguishing station for fuel oil storage tanks should be tested. The results should be recorded in the operational logs of the workshop and in a special log. 2.3. Drainage trestle and jetty. 2.3.1. When fuel oil with a flash point below 45°C arrives at the station, it is prohibited to drain it, and the cargo must be redirected. 2.3.2. It is forbidden:
2.3.3. Warming of frozen fuel oil should be carried out only with steam. The use of open fire is prohibited. When heating fuel oil in tanks, the steam device should be put into operation only after the hose is completely immersed in fuel oil, and the steam temperature must be below the self-ignition temperature of fuel oil. The flash point of M100 fuel oil is 110°C, the self-ignition temperature is about 350°C. Heating in tanks, trays and reservoirs must be 15°C lower than the flash point of the heated fuel oil, but not higher than +90°C. 2.3.4. Before the start of unloading operations, the correct opening of all drain devices and valves, the tightness of the connections of flexible hoses or pipes on the berth and overpass, as well as onshore grounding devices for oil tankers, should be checked. Spilled fuel oil must be cleaned up immediately after draining operations. 2.3.5. When draining fuel oil, portable trays or casings should be used to prevent splashing of fuel oil. 2.3.6. When assembling or disassembling connecting pipelines at the berth, as well as when opening the drain devices of oil tankers and railway tanks, tools, flange and socket connections or devices that do not give spark formation should be used. When mooring ships and securing them to the berth, non-metallic ropes should be used. 2.3.7. Oil tankers moored to the berth must be grounded before connecting the pipelines to the discharge devices. Grounding should be removed only after the completion of the discharge operations and the separation of the pipelines from the hoses of the berth and the vessel. 2.3.8. The maintenance personnel of the fuel oil facility and the vessel are obliged to constantly monitor the progress of work and the condition of the equipment. The generated fuel oil leaks must be immediately eliminated, and if it is impossible to quickly eliminate them, drain operations must be stopped until the equipment defects are completely eliminated. 3. The order of storage of flammable substances and materials 3.1. It is prohibited to store various materials and equipment that are not related to the technology of processing and storage of fuel oil:
3.2. At workplaces, it is allowed to store no more than 5 kilograms (litres) of lubricants, in containers made of unbreakable containers with tight-fitting lids. 3.3. It is forbidden to clutter up, even temporarily, the passages and exits from the fuel oil pump room with any equipment and materials. 4. The mode of use of devices with open fire 4.1. All hot work should be carried out only after careful preparation of the work site and equipment, as well as cleaning of installations, tanks and pipelines from flammable and combustible liquids, vapors and dust of various substances, as well as combustible materials within a radius of at least 5 meters. 4.2. Before performing hot work inside tanks and on pipelines, they must be disconnected and muffled from the operating equipment and the following measures should be taken:
4.3. Carrying out hot work closer than 5 meters from the discharge rack should be carried out after the preparation of fire extinguishing equipment, the implementation of the necessary fire-fighting and technical measures, as well as the issuance of the appropriate permit. In the work area, the drain rack must be cleared of residues of fuel oil and measures must be taken to prevent sparks from scattering. 4.4. It is allowed to perform welding and other hot work closer than 10 m or directly on tanks with fuel oil:
About the preparation of the site for work, an entry is made in the operational journal of the fuel oil economy. 4.5. The work permit for the production of hot work has the right to issue the head of the shop (or a person acting in his capacity), and for fire hazardous equipment - fuel oil tanks - the chief engineer of GRES-2 (or a person acting in his capacity). 4.6. When performing welding and other fire hazardous work at height (from scaffolding, scaffolding, cradles), measures must be taken to limit the spread and fall of molten metal particles onto combustible structures, equipment and materials. In necessary cases, especially in places where there are combustible materials and the passage of people, lower marks should be fenced off and observers should be placed, as well as prohibition and indicator signs. When working at a height, the passage below must be prohibited and the danger zone is fenced at a distance of at least 0,3 of the height of scaffolding or scaffolding and is marked with safety signs: "Passage is prohibited" 4.7. When performing temporary hot work in buildings, structures and equipment, workplaces must be provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment. If there is a fire hydrant in the immediate vicinity, then a fire hose with a barrel should be attached to it and a line should be laid to the place of fire hazardous work. 4.8. In case of accidents, temporary welding and other flammable work must be carried out under the direct supervision of the head of the shop or, on his instructions, another responsible engineering and technical worker of the shop. In this case, a work order is not required, but all fire-fighting measures must be taken to prevent a fire and supervision must be carried out by a supervising responsible person. 4.7. Visual control over the place of hot work, after they are completed at the fuel oil farm, should be periodically carried out by duty personnel for five hours, after which the order is closed. The start and end times of visual inspection should be recorded in the operational logs of the OCTC. 5. The procedure for the collection, storage and removal of combustible materials from the premises, maintenance of amenity premises, storage of overalls 5.1. It is prohibited in the premises of the oil pumping station:
5.2. After the end of the shift, combustible waste and cleaning materials must be removed from the workplace. Unused flammable liquids and combustible liquids, as well as paints, varnishes, solvents should be stored in special metal cabinets (boxes). 5.3. Used oiled (oil-stained) cleaning materials should be placed in special metal lockable boxes with a capacity of not more than 0,05 m3 with the inscription "For rags" and regularly removed for disposal in a specially designated place. 5.4. In amenity premises (cloakrooms, showers) cabinets for overalls must be metal. It is allowed to use wooden cabinets treated with flame retardants. 5.5. Personnel must work in overalls issued in accordance with applicable industry standards. Depending on the nature of the work and the conditions of their production, the personnel are temporarily issued additional overalls for these conditions free of charge. 5.6. It is forbidden to store oiled overalls in cabinets. Contaminated (oiled, oiled) overalls should be washed periodically according to the existing schedule. 6. Fire water supply and fire extinguishing equipment 6.1. The fuel oil facility is provided with a fire-fighting water supply system with internal fire hydrants and primary fire extinguishing equipment (fire extinguishers, boxes with sand and scoops, asbestos cloth, felt, felt mat) in accordance with the Calculation of equipping the OKTC with primary fire extinguishing equipment. Operational personnel are responsible for the safety of primary fire extinguishing equipment in the field, determined by the calculation of equipping the OKTC with primary fire extinguishing equipment, and constant readiness for use. 6.2. Repair work related to the temporary shutdown of certain sections of the fire water pipeline, fire pumps and tanks with a supply of water for fire extinguishing should be carried out only upon an application authorized by the chief engineer of GRES-2. 6.3. Once a year, pressure and flow tests should be carried out in the fire water supply network. The pressure in the external network of the fire-fighting water supply should not exceed 10 kgf / cm2. 6.4. The time for turning on fire pumps after receiving a signal about a fire should not exceed 3 minutes. 6.5. Piping, valves and pumps of the fire water supply network must be painted red. 6.6. Internal fire hydrants of a fire-fighting water supply system. Fire hydrants must be equipped with fire hoses 10-20m long. and trunks, and placed in special cabinets, the doors of which are sealed. The letter index "PK", the serial number of the fire hydrant, the telephone number of the station shift supervisor should be indicated on the cabinet door. Fire hoses should be stored dry, well rolled up and attached to faucets and hoses. Once a year, the sleeves must be rewound, changing the places of the folds. The performance of fire hydrants is checked at least once every 6 months by starting water. A serviceable valve should close tightly without much effort and the use of hand tools. 6.7. At the fuel oil economy, combined trunks should be used to form a continuous and sprayed jet of water when extinguishing a fire. 6.8. Sand. 6.8.1. Boxes with a capacity of 0.5 m3 with sand and scoops at the fuel oil farm are installed in the oil pump room, extensions of the oil tanks, in the area of the oil overpass. 6.8.2. Sand stored in metal boxes must be constantly dry, free-flowing, without lumps. Once a year, it must be stirred and lumps removed. 6.8.3. It is allowed to use sand to prevent the spreading of flammable liquids (fuel oil, oils, other petroleum products), as well as to backfill them with subsequent cleaning of the premises (territory). 6.8.4. Sandboxes must be constantly filled. 6.8.5. Extinguishing with sand should be carried out by scattering it on a burning surface, which achieves a mechanical effect on the flame and its partial isolation. 7. Storage, operation, maintenance of fire extinguishers 7.1. Storage and operation of fire extinguishers. 7.1.1. Portable fire extinguishers (OU-2, OU-8, OPU-5) and mobile fire extinguishers (OVP-100) are used to extinguish fires at the fuel oil facilities of OKTC in accordance with the Calculation of equipping OKTC with primary fire extinguishing equipment. 7.1.2. In the premises of the oil pumping station there are:
7.1.3. In the annex of each fuel oil tank there is one fire extinguisher OPU-5 and one fire extinguisher OU-8. There are 2 OPU-4 fire extinguishers on the fuel oil rack of GRES-5. 7.1.4. By appointment, depending on the type of charged fire extinguishing agent (OTV), fire extinguishers are divided into:
Fire extinguishers can be designed to extinguish several classes of fires. 7.1.5. When extinguishing a fire with powder fire extinguishers, additional measures must be taken to cool the heated elements of equipment or building structures. 7.1.6. Do not use OPU-5 to extinguish fires on equipment that can fail if powder gets in (electronic equipment, computers). 7.1.7. It is forbidden to use carbon dioxide fire extinguishers to extinguish fires in electrical equipment that is energized above 10 kV. 7.1.8. It is forbidden to extinguish fire extinguishing equipment under voltage higher than 5 V. 7.1.9. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are used to extinguish class "A", "E" fires; air-foam fire extinguishers are used to extinguish class "A" and "B" fires. 7.1.10. Air-foam fire extinguishers should not be used to extinguish fires in energized equipment, to extinguish highly heated or molten substances that enter into a chemical reaction with water, which is accompanied by intense heat generation and fuel spray. 7.1.11. Chemical foam fire extinguishers and fire extinguishers activated by overturning them must not be put into service. 7.1.12. If it is possible for a significant fire to occur on the protected object (the supposed spillage of flammable liquid may occur over an area of more than 1 m2), mobile fire extinguishers must be used. 7.1.13. Fire extinguishers must be kept in their assigned places during the entire period of their operation. Responsibility for their safety, cleanliness and constant readiness for use lies with the operational personnel of the OKTC. 7.1.14. Each fire extinguisher has a passport. The fire extinguisher is assigned a serial number, which is applied with paint to the fire extinguisher, recorded in the fire extinguisher passport and in the register for checking the presence and condition of the fire extinguisher. 7.1.15. Fire extinguishers should be located so that they are protected from direct sunlight, heat fluxes, mechanical stress and other adverse factors. They should be clearly visible and easily accessible, located along the passageways, near the exits, near the places of the most probable fire, and should not interfere with the evacuation of people. 7.1.16. Portable fire extinguishers should be installed on hanging brackets or in special cabinets in such a way that the main inscriptions are clearly visible and facing outward or in the direction of approach to them. 7.1.17. The locking device of fire extinguishers and cabinet doors must be sealed. 7.1.18. Fire extinguishers with a gross weight of less than 15 kg must be installed so that the top of the fire extinguisher is located at a height of not more than 1,5 m from the floor. 7.1.19. In places where fire extinguishers are installed, the ambient temperature must be at least 5°C. 7.1.20. The distance from the nozzle (bell) of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher to the current-carrying parts of electrical installations must be at least 1 meter. When using carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, it is forbidden to hold the bell with an unprotected hand. 7.2. Maintenance of fire extinguishers. 7.2.1. Fire extinguishers must be serviced. Maintenance includes periodic checks, inspections, repairs, testing and recharging of fire extinguishers. Based on the results of maintenance, the necessary marks are made in the fire extinguisher passport and in the logbook for checking the availability and condition of fire extinguishers. 7.2.2. Fire extinguishers withdrawn for the period of repair, testing or recharging must be replaced by standby fire extinguishers with similar parameters. 7.2.3. A quarterly check includes an inspection of the installation site of the fire extinguisher and approaches to it, as well as an external inspection of the fire extinguisher. 7.2.4. The annual inspection includes an inspection of the place where the fire extinguisher is installed and approaches to it, as well as an external inspection of the fire extinguisher, and the amount of leakage of the propellant gas from the gas cylinder is monitored. The fire extinguishers are opened (full or selective), the condition of the filters is assessed, the parameters of the fire extinguisher are checked, and if they do not meet the requirements, the fire extinguishers are recharged. 7.2.5. At least once every 5 years, each fire extinguisher and propellant gas cylinder must be discharged, the body completely cleaned, external and internal inspections, as well as hydraulic and pneumatic tests for tightness of the fire extinguisher housing of the starting head, hose and locking device. 7.2.6. Housings of carbon dioxide fire extinguishers must be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test at least once every 5 years. 7.2.7. Fire extinguishers or individual units that have not passed the strength test are taken out of service, are not subject to subsequent repair and are discarded. 7.3. Reloading fire extinguishers. 7.3.1. All fire extinguishers must be recharged immediately after use or if the amount of leakage of fire extinguishing agents or propellant gas per year exceeds the allowable value, but not less than the following periods:
7.3.3. Recharging of air-foam fire extinguishers OVP-100 (OVPU-250) is carried out annually, the aqueous solution of the foaming agent is replaced, the capacity of the starting cylinder is checked by weighing it. During periodic inspections, attention should be paid to the integrity of the hoses, the cleanliness of the foam generators, the condition of the starting cylinders, as well as the transport wheels (OVP-100). 8. Actions of personnel in the event of a fire 8.1. In the event of a fire, the first person to notice the fire must immediately inform the head of the station shift (shift leader) and proceed to extinguish the fire with the available fire extinguishing equipment, while observing safety measures. The station shift supervisor must immediately report a fire (fire) to the fire department, station management, and the system dispatcher. The shift supervisor of the boiler and turbine shop is obliged to immediately report the fire to the head of the boiler and turbine shop. The procedure for actions in case of fire at the fuel oil facility is determined by the "Operational fire extinguishing plan at the fuel oil facility", "Operational fire extinguishing cards", current instructions and instructions from the head of the fire extinguishing. 8.2. Before the arrival of the fire brigade, the head of the station shift is the head of the fire extinguishing at GRES-2, and upon the arrival of the fire brigade - the team leader. Prior to the arrival of the fire brigade, the NSS must organize:
8.3. Shutdown of equipment in the fire zone is carried out by the duty personnel in accordance with the production instructions and orders of the NSS. 8.4. In case of fire on the drain rack, in the intermediate tank, the operating personnel must: 8.4.1. Personnel involved in draining fuel oil:
8.4.2. Senior engineer of pumping units:
8.4.3. Station shift supervisor:
8.5. In the event of a fire in the fuel oil pump building, turn off all operating pumps, close the valves on the side of the tanks and on the main fuel oil pipelines. Close the windows and doors of the room and open the steam fire extinguishing valve, which is located on the street, on the left side of the main entrance to the oil pumping station with an inscription: "In case of fire - open." If there is a tanker at the GRES-2 berth, then stop all cargo (ballast) operations, shut off the valves for filling the tanker, disconnect the arm, unmoor the tanker from the GRES-2 berth. The actions of the personnel in case of fire are determined by the NSS as the leader of the fire extinguishing. 8.6. In the event of a fire in the fuel oil tank, the personnel must control the operation of the automatic foam fire extinguishing installation or put it into operation. Close the valves on the fuel oil pipelines from the burning tank. Cool the adjacent oil tank. If fuel oil is drained, stop it and prepare the tanks for cleaning. If there is a tanker at the GRES-2 berth, then stop all cargo (ballast) operations, shut off the valves for filling the tanker, disconnect the arm, unmoor the tanker from the GRES-2 berth. The order of actions of the personnel is determined by the operational fire extinguishing card at the fuel oil facility. 9. Personnel evacuation procedure 9.1. In the event of a fire, a threat to equipment and a direct threat to the life of personnel, the shift supervisor of the OKTC is obliged to independently take urgent measures to prevent the emerging threat to personnel and evacuate personnel from the danger zone. Then immediately report the incident and the measures taken to the head of the station shift and the head of the boiler and turbine shop. 9.2. It is forbidden to obstruct escape routes, lighting must be maintained on escape routes, and signs must be installed for the exit of personnel.
▪ Automated warehouse picker. Standard instruction on labor protection ▪ Repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment. Standard instruction on labor protection ▪ Electric forklift driver. Standard instruction on labor protection
Artificial leather for touch emulation
15.04.2024 Petgugu Global cat litter
15.04.2024 The attractiveness of caring men
14.04.2024
▪ VIPER26K regulators with built-in MOSFET 1050 V ▪ Internet makes us feel smarter
▪ section of the site The most important scientific discoveries. Article selection ▪ article Regional studies. Crib ▪ article Does an ostrich have a voice? Detailed answer ▪ article Common pear. Legends, cultivation, methods of application
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page