Substance identity determinant. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Measuring technology
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The device is designed to check the identity of various substances: liquid, bulk, organic and mineral. The device allows you to compare the same substances and detect impurities in them.
The main purpose of the device is an express analysis carried out according to the relative readings of the dial indicator.
There are two holes in the housing rack into which test tubes are inserted. One test tube - with exemplary substance, the other - with tested. The volume of substances in both tubes is 30 ml. Each tube is wrapped around the plates of measuring capacitors C1 and C2. If both substances are identical, the capacitance of both capacitors will be equal and the indicator needle will remain at the control mark.
If one of the substances contains impurities, the arrow will deviate from the mark. According to the angle of deviation of the arrow, one can judge the percentage of impurities.
The basis of the device (Fig. 1) is a symmetrical multivibrator made on transistors VT2 and VT3. Capacitors C1 and C2 - measuring. If their capacitances are equal, the duty cycle of the pulses on the collectors of the multivibrator transistors is the same. But the duty cycle of the pulses can be quite definite - it is set by a variable resistor R3. Then the pointer of the indicator RA1, connected to the load resistors of the multivibrator through emitter followers on transistors VT1 and VT4, will be on the "zero" division - the reference point of the device, or on any other division chosen arbitrarily (the accuracy of determining the identity increases if the indicator arrow is on right half of the scale). For "zero" is taken the average division of the scale.
When substances differing in composition are between the plates, the capacitance of the capacitors will be different. There will be a kind of unbalance of the average voltages on the load resistors of the multivibrator and the indicator needle will deviate.
Details. All fixed resistors - MLT-0,25; capacitors - K50-6; SB1 - KM2-1; SA1 - TV1-1; RA1 - M4202.
Author: D.Plashchinsky, Minsk
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