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Instructions on labor protection when performing work in a physical laboratory. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General provisions

1.1. This Instruction on labor protection is intended for the organization of safe work in physical laboratories. The requirements of this Instruction on labor protection are mandatory for all workers in physical laboratories.

1.2. Responsibility for ensuring safe working conditions in the laboratory, for the good condition of laboratory equipment, measuring instruments, for the readiness of students to perform laboratory work rests with the head (teacher, engineer, laboratory assistant).

1.3. Students who have been trained on the topics of laboratory work, who have been instructed in labor protection, fire safety and sanitary rules and personal hygiene standards are allowed to perform laboratory work.

1.4. Employees and students must be briefed on labor protection at least once every six months with an entry in the "Journals of registration of briefings on labor protection of employees (students)". In addition, employees must undergo certification in labor protection (once every 1 years) and annual re-certification in electrical safety. When working with gas cylinders - have a certificate for the right to work with them.

1.5. This Instruction on labor protection includes requirements for labor protection, fire safety and sanitary standards and personal hygiene rules when performing laboratory work:

• with electrical installations, electrical equipment, electrical measuring equipment (electric power panels, generators, motors, oscilloscopes, volt-ampere ohmmeters, electric stoves, drying cabinets);
• with vacuum equipment, film deposition, pressure vessels, liquid gases, gas burners;
• with chemicals of hazard class 2-4 (acids, alkalis, solvents, varnishes, paints, gases, etc.);
• with heavy metals and their salts (mercury, lead, cadmium, tantalum, etc.);
• with X-ray units, electron microscopes, laser and microwave generators and optical systems.

1.6. Students and employees are required to comply with the requirements of labor protection, fire safety, sanitary standards and personal hygiene rules, and comply with the University Internal Regulations.

In laboratories it is forbidden:

• be in the laboratory in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication, drink alcohol;
• smoking in places not designated for this purpose;
• take food and drink;
• store food in the laboratory refrigerator;
• misuse laboratory glassware;
• work alone;
• be in outerwear (coat); as well as undress and hang clothes on the equipment;
• independently, without a laboratory assistant (engineer, teacher), assemble (disassemble), switch on (switch off) circuits, instruments, equipment;
• be unnecessarily in the places of work of electromagnetic radiation generators, X-ray and laser installations, constant magnetic fields, as well as in places of metal welding, near high-pressure gas cylinders, working lifting and transport vehicles;
• allow the possibility of accumulation of vapors of flammable substances and combustible gases and the formation of explosive mixtures in the laboratory: fire safety rules must be strictly observed;
• storage of chemical reagents in an amount exceeding the daily requirement, outside metal cabinets, in containers with loose lids, without inscriptions or with illegible inscriptions.

1.7. Hazardous factors when performing work in the laboratory are:

• the possibility of electric shock;
• the possibility of burns when working with chemicals and heating devices;
• mechanical effects of the tool and moving parts of the equipment;
• electromagnetic radiation and permanent magnetic fields;
• poisonous chemicals of hazard class 1-4.

1.8. Report all violations of labor protection requirements and fire safety rules to the administration immediately.

Warn employees and students about the need to comply with safety requirements.

1.9. For violation of labor protection requirements, fire safety rules and internal regulations of the university, the perpetrators are held accountable in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. In the laboratory, the clothes of the employee and the student must be fastened with all fasteners so that there are no fluttering ends. Long hair must be tucked under a headdress. It is forbidden to work in light shoes (slippers, sandals), especially in rooms with increased danger and especially dangerous ones.

2.2. Make sure that you have personal protective equipment (PPE), fire extinguishing equipment (fire extinguishers, sand) and first aid kits with the necessary medicines to provide first aid to the victim. A first aid kit should be located in each laboratory in a conspicuous place. Laboratory staff must be able to provide first aid to the victim.

2.3. Prepare your workplace for safe work and keep it clean and tidy during all school hours:

• remove foreign and unused objects (equipment) in this work, do not clutter up the passages with them, free the approaches to electrical power panels and other equipment, promptly clean the room from waste and debris;
• Only the equipment necessary for a particular job should be in the workplace. Disorder in the workplace is unacceptable;
• check the serviceability of equipment, apparatus, measuring instruments, ventilation, the presence and strength of the fastening of protective grounding, as well as fencing of live parts and moving mechanisms of electrical installations. Each grounding element of electrical installations must be grounded by a separate branch. The earth conductor must be connected by welding or secure bolting.

2.4. Report any deficiencies found to the supervisor and do not proceed to work until they are corrected.

2.5. Receive instruction from the person responsible for the organization of these works, and sign in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection".

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. No deviation from safety requirements in the performance of work can be justified either by special circumstances, or "reasonable initiative", or lack of time. If the wrong skill (violation in the "small") is fixed, then in the future, it can be automatically applied in other, more dangerous conditions, which can lead to unpredictable consequences.

3.2. During work, it is necessary to be attentive, not to engage in extraneous matters (conversations) and not to distract others.

Only work for which permission has been obtained should be performed, as well as comply with the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules and safety inscriptions (signs).

3.3. Start performing laboratory work only after inspecting the workplace by the head (teacher, engineer, laboratory assistant) and obtaining permission to perform it.

3.4. Hazardous operations must only be carried out under the direct supervision of the supervisor.

3.5. During the laboratory work, do not leave unattended, even for a short time, operating installations, switched on electrical circuits, heating devices, gas burners, etc., and also perform any work not related to the completion of the training task.

3.6. Features of work on electrical installations.

3.6.1. Before switching on the electrical installation:

• make sure there is no voltage in the circuit;
• familiarize yourself with the installation scheme, its features;
• check the presence and reliability of fastening of the protective grounding of the housings of all devices included in the set of the laboratory installation (diagram);
• carefully check the connection diagram, the serviceability of the insulation of the connecting wires, sockets, plug connectors in the power cable of each device (visually).

3.6.2. On the laboratory installation (diagram) it is prohibited:

• work on ungrounded (non-zeroed) and faulty electrical equipment;
• operate electrical appliances with protective covers removed;
• make switching in circuits under voltage;
• touch non-insulated current-carrying parts and non-current-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment and electrical equipment;
• use uncalibrated homemade inserts "bugs" as fuses;
• apply voltage to the circuit without prior verification and permission from the work manager.

3.6.3. When making a switch in the circuit, the electrical installation must be disconnected from the power source and a poster is posted on the switch: "Do not turn it on - people are working."

Only the person who installed them can remove and re-hang warning posters.

3.7. Features of work with the use of gas burners.

3.7.1. It should always be remembered: gas for gas burners mixed with air (5% -15%) is explosive, and with a mixture (15% -60%) it is flammable. In the presence of gas contamination of the room, as a result of the replacement of oxygen in the air with gas, suffocation occurs.

3.7.2. To ensure safety when using gas in the laboratory, the following rules should be followed:

• all those working in the laboratory with gas must be instructed with an entry in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection of students." The person responsible for the gas economy must have an unexpired certificate for the right to work with gas;
• strictly adhere to the "Rules for the use of gas burners";
• do not block free access to gas burners and gas pipelines;
• hoses to gas burners must be specially designed for this purpose, with a metal clamp tightly fixed to the nipple of the laboratory faucet;
• before lighting the burners, it is necessary to ventilate the room, check whether all gas valves in the laboratory are closed;
• during combustion, monitor the color of the burner flame. The yellow color of the flame indicates incomplete combustion of the gas, which can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning;
• in non-operating condition, all burner taps and on slopes must be closed.

3.8. Features of the operation of pressure vessels.

3.8.1. Those responsible for the operation of pressure vessels must have a certificate for the right to work with them.

3.8.2. It is allowed to use only small (up to 5 kg) cylinders in the laboratory premises that have been examined (once every 1 years) and be in a technically sound condition.

3.8.3. Large cylinders should be installed outside the laboratory building in metal lockable cabinets, with gas supply to the laboratory through pipes - wires.

3.8.4. Cylinders with oxidizing agent "O" should be installed in places of storage in such a way as to exclude the ingress of fats, oils and contaminated rags on them.

3.8.5. Before the supply of combustible gases to the installation, it is necessary to expel air from the laboratory installation and all connections with an inert gas.

3.8.6. Gas consumption is carried out through a reducer painted in the color corresponding to the gas. Tested pressure gauges and a spring-loaded relief valve adjusted to the required maximum pressure must be installed in the system.

3.8.7. Transportation of cylinders filled with gas should be carried out on sprung vehicles in a horizontal position with obligatory gaskets between cylinders.

3.8.8. In the event of a fire, remove cylinders to a safe distance.

3.8.9. At the end of work, shut off the gas with a high-pressure valve, bleed the gas from the low-pressure line.

3.8.10. Each vessel must have a passport and be registered in the Vessel Register. The book should be kept by the person supervising the vessels.

3.9. Features of the operation of vessels with liquefied gases.

3.9.1. Liquefied gases are stored and transported in Dewar vessels. Each Dewar can only be used for the type of gas for which it is intended.

3.9.2. For the safe operation of Dewar vessels, the following rules should be followed:

• in order to avoid frostbite during transfusion, work in personal protective equipment;
• transfusion in the way of movement is not permissible;
• do not allow the Dewar to be transported together with other objects, subject them to shocks, shocks, shaking, roll from place to place;
• only two people need to carry the Dewar vessel;
• use a special cap that allows the Dewar vessel to "breathe" and prevents oil and moisture from getting into it;
• repair of Dewar vessels to be carried out in the factory. It is forbidden to make repairs of any nature on the Dewar vessels by yourself, with the exception of painting.

3.10. Features of working with chemicals of 2-4 hazard classes, with heavy metals and their salts of 1st hazard class.

3.10.1. When performing laboratory work using chemicals, a number of requirements must be met:

• do not smell or taste unknown substances and solutions. Do not pipette chemical liquids by mouth;
• all work with caustic chemicals should be carried out under draft with the frame lowered;
• work with harmful and dangerous chemicals in personal protective equipment, including using gas masks, goggles, masks, rubber aprons, gloves, etc.;
• when grinding salts of heavy metals and other solid chemicals into powder in a mortar, observe the requirements of technological standards: if the amount of substance in the mortar is exceeded, an explosion is possible;
• when working with glass equipment, primarily under vacuum or overpressure, use personal protective equipment;
• all chemical reagents in the amount of the daily requirement must have a label indicating the name of the substance, its quantity, concentration. Reagents should be stored in a metal safe and be included in its inventory. It is forbidden to use reagents without labels or with illegible inscriptions;
• do not drain chemical waste into sinks without neutralization;
• when working with an open surface of mercury, lead solders and other heavy metals and their compounds, when spraying selenium on cylinders, it should be remembered that the vapors of the above metals belong to hazard class 1, therefore, they require special care when handling them:
• the workplace must comply with the requirements of the "Rules for the safe work with chemicals in universities": the desktop and floors must have an absolutely smooth surface, without cracks and roughness, and provided with reliable forced ventilation, walls and floors must be painted with oil paint, which allows for high-quality wet cleaning of the premises;
• employees must undergo periodic medical examinations for mercury and lead in the blood;
• before starting work, the room must be ventilated in a timely manner;
• when working with a soldering iron, in addition, comply with the requirements of the Rules for Technical Operation and the Safety Rules for Consumer Electrical Installations, as well as fire safety requirements.

3.11. Features of work on installations with electromagnetic radiation of various frequencies, X-ray and laser installations.

3.11.1. To reduce the impact of electromagnetic radiation, it is necessary:

• work with minimal power in the production of measurements;
• use absorbing loads, the equivalent of antennas directly at the main source of radiation;
• use protective goggles;
• during a break - turn off the radiation;
• if a malfunction is detected, stop work, de-energize the equipment, notify the work manager.

3.11.2. Works on laser and X-ray devices, electron microscopes, etc. should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the Operating Instructions, Labor Protection Instructions for this type of installation.

3.12. Features of work on installations with excess pressure, vacuum, or having large centrifugal accelerations of rotating parts.

3.12.1. When working, observe the following precautions:

• the installation must stand strictly horizontally, on a solid surface and be located so that it has free access from all sides;
• the body of the unit is grounded, and the room is equipped with forced ventilation, a telephone and a first-aid kit;
• before turning on the unit, make sure that there are no foreign objects inside, the guards are installed, the covers are securely closed.
• open the lids only after the end of the installation process;
• repair and clean the installations only after disconnecting them from the mains.

4. Safety requirements at the end of work

4.1. Report to the supervisor (teacher, engineer, laboratory assistant) on the performance of laboratory work. Get a rating from a manager.

4.2. With the permission of the head, turn off the electrical equipment, turn off the gas, water, lower the doors of the fume hoods.

4.3. Tidy up your workspace. At the request of the manager, disassemble the circuit and remove the equipment and devices to the indicated storage location.

Hand over the workplace to the head of the laboratory.

4.4. Waste solutions of acids and alkalis must not be discharged into the sewer without prior neutralization.

Solvents and other flammable liquids (flammable liquids) should be collected in special hermetic containers, which are taken to the warehouse.

4.5. Wash hands and face thoroughly with warm water and soap.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. Immediately stop work and notify the head of laboratory work in case of:

• injury by a student (employee);
• the occurrence of an emergency that prevents the continuation of laboratory work;
• the occurrence of a fire or the prerequisites for its occurrence;
• malfunctions of equipment, apparatus, measuring instruments, grounding devices, etc.

5.2. In the event of an injury, you must:

• release the victim from the action of the traumatic factor;
• maintain the situation at the scene of the accident as it was at the time of the accident, if this does not endanger others;
• provide first aid to the victim.
• call an ambulance to the victim.

5.3. In the event of a fire, you must:

• remove students and staff from the classroom;
• de-energize this section with a common switch on the electrical power panel;
• immediately report the fire and its location to the university fire brigade on duty (tel. _______);
• take measures to extinguish the fire with the available fire fighting equipment (fire extinguisher, sand). Extinguish energized electrical installations (after a power outage) only with carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers.

5.4. In the event of an accident or situation that prevents the continuation of laboratory work: