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Instructions on labor protection for the driver of a car. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. Driving a passenger car is allowed for persons not younger than 18 years of age, appointed by order of the enterprise, having a certificate for the right to drive the corresponding type of vehicle and having passed:

• vocational training;
• medical examination (if an employee evades medical examinations, the employee is not allowed to perform work duties);
• induction training;
• training in safe labor methods and techniques and testing knowledge of labor safety;
• initial briefing at the workplace;
• appropriate training and instruction (having I qualification group in electrical safety).

The performance of work not related to the duties of the driver is allowed after a targeted briefing.

1.2. The driver is obliged:

1.2.1. Observe the norms, rules and instructions on labor protection and fire safety, traffic rules, internal labor regulations.

1.2.2. Properly apply collective and individual protective equipment, treat with care the overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment issued for use.

1.2.3. Immediately inform your immediate supervisor about an accident that occurred at work, about signs of an occupational disease, as well as about a situation that poses a threat to life and health of people.

1.2.4. Know how to handle fire equipment and use it correctly in case of fire.

1.2.5. Perform only assigned work.

1.3. It is forbidden to consume alcoholic beverages, as well as to start work in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication. Smoking is allowed only in designated areas.

1.4. Dangerous and harmful production factors in the performance of work are:

• collisions with passing vehicles;
• collisions with spontaneous movement of vehicles;
• violation of traffic rules by pedestrians, leading to emergency situations;
• thermal factors (fires, explosions when fuel is supplied to the engine carburetor by gravity, checking the presence of fuel in the tank using open fire, gas leakage from a gas-balloon installation; burns with steam, water from a carburetor);
• criminal acts of passengers and other persons;
• neuro-emotional stress when driving;
• monotony of work when driving a car;
• noise, vibration;
• uncomfortable working posture during car repair and maintenance;
• increased physical activity;
• increased temperature and air velocity during the warm period of the year;
• increased gas content in the air of the working area (content of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, gasoline vapors, etc.).

Of paramount importance among harmful production factors is neuro-emotional stress. The amount of stress is related to the amount and nature of the incoming information, responsibility for the life of road users and the preservation of their health, for the safety of material assets, and also depends on the individual characteristics of the driver.

The information flow coming to the driver of the car, under certain conditions, can cause a state of monotony and falling asleep while driving. This is observed when traveling in a traffic flow that moves at a uniform speed, and is exacerbated by the monotony of the route, low traffic intensity.

Neuro-emotional stress also depends on specific situations in real road conditions: sudden braking, overtaking and difficult passage of an unregulated and regulated intersection, embedding in and out of traffic flow, etc.

1.5. Overalls and other personal protective equipment are issued in accordance with DNAOP 0.00-3.06-98 "Model norms for the free issuance of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to road transport workers", namely:

• when driving a car - combined gloves (wearing period 3 months); signal vest (wearing period 24 months);
• when performing work on the maintenance and repair of vehicles, in addition - a cotton suit (wearing period 12 months); combined mittens (wearing period 3 months);
• when performing maintenance and repair work on inspection pits, lifts and overpasses, in addition - a builder's helmet with a balaclava (on duty).

The head of the enterprise is obliged to replace or repair overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment that have become unusable before the expiration of the established wear period for reasons beyond the control of the employee.

1.6. In case of illness or injury, both at work and outside it, it is necessary to inform the manager about this and contact the medical institution.

1.7. In case of an accident, help the victim in accordance with the instructions for providing first aid, call a medical officer. Preserve the situation at the workplace as it was at the time of the incident until the investigation, if this does not threaten the life and health of others and does not lead to an accident.

1.8. If a malfunction of equipment, fixtures, tools is detected, report this to the manager. Use and use of faulty equipment and tools is prohibited.

1.9. When moving around the territory, the following requirements must be observed:

• walk only on footpaths, sidewalks;
• cross railroad tracks and highways only in designated places;
• when leaving the building, make sure that there is no moving traffic.

1.10. To comply with the rules of personal hygiene, the driver must have detergents in the car (surfactant, suitable for use on the skin - such as "Rally", etc.), a brush for washing hands, a towel, and rags for wiping hands from fuels and lubricants. Drivers who have contact (dirty hands) with various oils, paints and varnishes, etc. (transportation of these substances, performance of repair work), must be provided with protective ointments, pastes.

1.11. For drinking, you should use water from saturators, equipped fountains or drinking tanks.

1.12. Eating should be in equipped rooms (dining room, canteen, dining room).

1.13. The driver of the car must undergo a medical examination annually.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. When preparing the car for departure, the driver must check:

• the presence of a certificate with a coupon for the right to drive a car, a waybill;
• the technical condition of the car, the serviceability of the brake system, steering, lighting and signaling devices, windshield wipers, installation of mirrors, cleanliness and visibility of license plates, as well as the absence of fuel, oil, water leakage;
• tire pressure;
• availability of tools and equipment;
• refueling the car with fuel, oil, water, brake fluid, antifreeze and electrolyte level in the battery;
• availability of a spare wheel, towing rope, first aid kit, jack, fire extinguisher.

2.2. Refuel the car with fuel when the engine is not running. Refueling of vehicles with leaded gasoline should be carried out from a gas station with a hose equipped with a dispensing gun. It is forbidden to refuel vehicles with leaded gasoline using buckets, watering cans, etc., as well as dispense leaded gasoline into containers (canisters). The tanker and the driver must be on the windward side of the vehicle when refueling.

At the filling station it is prohibited:

• smoking and using open fire;
• carry out repair and adjustment work;
• fill the car with fuel while the engine is running;
• allow overflow and spill of fuel;
• passengers to be in the cabin.

2.3. Before filling the engine cooling system with antifreeze, you must:

• check if there are any leaks in the cooling system (connecting hoses, radiator, water pump seals, etc.) and eliminate it if any;
• Flush the cooling system with clean hot water.

2.4. Departure of the car on the route with malfunctions that threaten traffic safety is prohibited.

2.5. Before starting the engine, make sure that the car is braked with the parking brake and the gear lever is in neutral.

2.6. Before starting the engine of a car connected to the heating system, it is first necessary to turn off and disconnect the heating elements.

2.7. It is forbidden to start the engine by towing the car and switching the starter power circuit.

2.8. The speed of vehicles on the territory of the enterprise should not exceed 10 km / h, and in the premises - 5 km / h.

2.9. The technical condition of the vehicle and its units should be checked before leaving the territory of the enterprise and after returning to the enterprise with braked wheels. An exception to this rule is the case of testing the brakes.

2.10. To inspect the car at night, you should use a portable electric lamp with a voltage not exceeding 12 V with a safety net or an electric lamp with autonomous power supply.

2.11. When checking the technical condition of the car, it is also necessary to check the range and serviceability of the tools and devices issued to the driver.

2.12. Before starting work, the driver must check that:

• the windshield and side windows did not have cracks and blackouts that impede visibility;
• side windows moved smoothly by hand or glass-lifting mechanisms;
• there were no dips, torn places, protruding springs and sharp corners on the seat and back of the seat: the seats and back must be properly adjusted to ensure a comfortable fit for the driver;
• the locks of all doors were serviceable, excluding the possibility of their spontaneous opening while driving;
• interior heating devices in cold weather were serviceable;
• the floor of the car was covered with a rug that did not have holes or other damage.

2.13. The driver is obliged to check that the car is provided with hard blocks (at least two pieces) for putting under the wheels, a wide lining under the heel of the jack, as well as a first aid kit, an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light and a fire extinguisher.

2.14. The driver does not have the right to drive a car if its technical condition does not comply with the Rules of the Road, the Rules for the Technical Operation of the Rolling Stock of Road Transport and the Rules for Labor Protection in Road Transport.

2.15. The driver can go on the route only after passing a medical examination and a corresponding mark in the waybill.

2.16. Before leaving for a trip lasting more than a day, the driver must be familiar with the mode of work and rest, have a route recorded in the waybill indicating places of temporary and long-term rest.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Comply with the requirements of the traffic rules and the instructions of the traffic controllers in accordance with the traffic regulations.

3.2. Choose the speed of movement, taking into account road conditions, visibility and visibility, the intensity and nature of traffic on the roads, the characteristics of the state of the car and the cargo or passengers carried.

3.3. Before reversing the car, the driver must make sure that no one is passing around him, and that there are no people or any obstacles nearby.

Before starting to reverse in conditions of insufficient rear visibility (due to cargo in the cabin, when leaving the gate, etc.), the driver must demand, and the consignor is obliged to allocate a person to organize the movement of the car.

3.4. Do not drive with the doors open.

3.5. Persons in the vehicle are required to comply with the driver's safety requirements.

3.6. When stopping (parking) the car, the driver, leaving the vehicle, must take measures against its spontaneous movement: stop the engine, set the gear lever to neutral, brake the car with the parking brake.

If the car is standing even on a slight slope, it is necessary to additionally put chocks under the wheels.

On descents and ascents, where the method of setting is not regulated by traffic control means, vehicles must be placed at an angle to the edge of the carriageway so as to exclude the possibility of their spontaneous movement.

3.7. Leaving the passenger compartment of the car, the driver must make sure that the surface is in good condition (presence of potholes, slipperiness, foreign objects, etc.), and when entering the carriageway, also that there is no traffic in both passing and opposite directions.

3.8. When repairing a car on the route, the driver must comply with the safety requirements:

• pull over to the side of the road;
• put up safety signs;
• turn on side lights in case of poor visibility;
• stop the car using the parking brake system;
• put on a signal vest;
• place chocks under the wheels.

When working on the roadside under the car, it is forbidden to stand on the side of the roadway.

3.9. When carrying out repair work in an unheated room or in the open air, lying under a car or kneeling, it is necessary to use sun loungers, mats.

3.10. It is forbidden to heat the engine with an open flame.

3.11. If the engine overheats, the radiator cap can only be opened when the water (liquid) temperature is below 100 °C, otherwise boiling water will be released when the cap is opened. The radiator cap on a hot engine must be opened with gloves or covered with a rag. The cork should be opened carefully, not allowing intense steam to escape towards the opening.

3.12. To prevent cases of frostbite when troubleshooting in winter, you should only work with gloves on the road. It is forbidden to touch metal objects, parts and tools with hands without gloves.

3.13. To avoid a fire on the car, it is prohibited:

• in case of a faulty fuel system, supply gasoline to the carburetor from the tank by gravity using a hose or in another way;
• repair the fuel system with the engine running, ignition on;
• leave used cleaning materials contaminated with oil or fuel in the car interior or on the engine;
• heat the engine and other units with open fire, as well as use it in the immediate vicinity of the engine power supply system devices;
• smoke and use open fire when determining the presence of fuel in the tank, as well as when refueling vehicles from additional containers.

3.14. The driver is prohibited:

• drive a car under the influence of alcohol or drugs, as well as in a sick or tired state;
• transfer driving to a person who is not indicated in the waybill, who is in a state of intoxication or who does not have a certificate for the right to drive a car;
• arbitrarily deviate from the route specified in the waybill;
• transport cargo if it closes the view of the route;
• transport goods in defective containers;
• to tear off frozen or buried cargo with the help of a car;
• allow the accumulation of dirt, fuel, oil on the engine or its crankcase;
• use open fire when checking the electrolyte level in the battery and troubleshooting mechanisms;
• store and transport gasoline and other flammable liquids in the cabin;
• rest or sleep in the car with the engine running;
• allow unauthorized persons (accompanying, passengers, etc.) to repair the car on the route;
• place a jack on random objects;
• perform any work while under the car, hung out only on a jack, without installing a trestle;
• use random objects as a stand for a suspended car: stones, bricks, etc.

3.15. When towing a vehicle, it is necessary to ensure constant monitoring of the towed vehicle (the driver must be in the cab of the towed vehicle). The length of the connecting link of a rigid hitch should not exceed 4 m, and a flexible one - 6 m; at the same time, the connecting link of the flexible coupling every meter must be indicated by signal boards or flags with a size of at least 200 x 200 mm.

Switch on during towing during daylight hours, regardless of the visibility conditions on the towing vehicle, the dipped headlights, and on the towed vehicle, the marker lights; in case of poor visibility on the towed vehicle, turn on the rear marker lights, and when towing on a flexible hitch, turn on the front marker lights.

Towing is prohibited:

• a vehicle with a trailer;
• with the total length of the train of coupled vehicles over 24 m;
• two-wheeled motorcycles without a sidecar and bicycles;
• two or more motor vehicles at the same time;
• a vehicle without a service brake or with a faulty brake, if the mass of the towed vehicle exceeds half of the total actual mass of the towing vehicle;
• on a flexible hitch at a speed of more than 30 km/h or a vehicle with faulty brakes or steering;
• on the flexible hitch of a vehicle with faulty steering.

3.16. When working on the intra-plant line, in addition to the Rules of the Road and the requirements of the labor protection instructions, observe the following additional requirements:

• if obstacles are encountered on the way, go around them at a distance of at least 1 m, and if the width of the passage is insufficient for such a detour, stop the movement and demand the removal of obstacles from the passage;
• be especially careful when turning, when driving around the corners of buildings, crossing railway tracks, in narrow places, as well as in warehouses; speed in these cases should be minimal:
• give a warning signal when moving from a place and in dangerous places.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. After returning from the route, clean the car from dirt and put it in the place reserved for parking.

4.2. In winter, when stored in an unheated garage, drain the water from the radiator and engine.

4.3. Staying overnight in a closed car is prohibited.

4.4. When the car stops, the driver, leaving the cab, must take all measures against spontaneous movement - turn off the ignition or cut off the fuel supply, set the gear lever to neutral, brake with the parking brake.

If the car is standing even on a slight slope, it is necessary to additionally put chocks under the wheels.

4.5. Before parking the vehicle, the driver must ensure that there is no fuel leakage or repair it.

4.6. When stopping and parking on unlit sections of the road at night or in other conditions of insufficient visibility, the marker or parking lights must be switched on by the car.

4.7. The width of the passage between cars in the parking area must be sufficient for the free entry of the car into its place (in one maneuver), and the distance from the border of the passage to the car must be at least 0,5 m.

4.8. After parking the car in the parking lot, the engine must be turned off.

4.9. In the premises intended for parking, as well as in parking lots under a canopy or on platforms, it is prohibited:

• smoking, using open fire;
• leave open the fuel tank necks of cars;
• recharge batteries (indoors);
• store any materials and objects;
• wash or wipe with gasoline parts or assemblies, as well as hands and clothes;
• store fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel), with the exception of fuel in the tanks of vehicles;
• refuel cars with liquid (gaseous) fuel, as well as drain fuel from tanks and release gas;
• install items and equipment that may prevent the rapid evacuation of vehicles in the event of a fire or other natural disasters;
• starting the engine for any purpose other than driving the vehicle out of the premises.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In the event of a traffic accident, the drivers involved in it must:

• stop immediately and do not move the vehicle, as well as other items related to the incident;
• if necessary, call for medical assistance, and if this is not possible, send the injured by passing transport to the nearest medical institution;
• report the incident to the traffic police, write down the names of eyewitnesses and wait for the arrival of traffic inspectors.

5.2. If a fire occurs while driving, it is necessary to stop the car, take measures to extinguish the fire with fire extinguishing equipment.

5.3. In the event of a fire, inform the fire brigade, the head of work and proceed to extinguish the fire.

When clothing catches fire, it is necessary first of all to extinguish the flame with improvised material. At the same time, it is impossible to cover the victim with his head in order to avoid burns of the respiratory tract and poisoning with toxic combustion products.

5.4. When the car is forced to stop on the side of the road or on the edge of the carriageway for repairs, the driver must turn on the emergency light signaling, put on a warning vest and install an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light at a distance of at least 20 m from the vehicle in built-up areas and 40 m - outside of them.

5.5. Before lifting a part of the car with a jack, it is necessary to install the car on a horizontal non-slip area outside the carriageway, stop the engine, brake the car with a parking brake, remove people from the passenger compartment, close the doors, install stop blocks under the non-lifting wheels.

When lifting a part of the car on a dirt surface, it is necessary to level the jack installation site, put a solid wooden stand with an area of ​​at least 0,1 m² or a board under the jack.

It is forbidden to install the jack on random objects.

5.6. When inflating or pumping tires removed from the vehicle on the road, it is necessary to install a safety fork of the appropriate length and strength in the wheel disk windows or put the wheel with the lock ring down.

5.7. If the smell of gasoline appears while driving, the driver must immediately stop the car, identify the cause of the smell and eliminate it.

5.8. On a car running on gas fuel, in case of any malfunction of the high and low pressure reducers, the electromagnetic shut-off valve, it is necessary to close the supply and main valves, and remove the faulty components from the vehicle and send them to a special workshop (specialized area) for testing.

5.9. In case of a forced stop at a railway crossing, the driver of the car is obliged to disembark people and immediately take all measures to free the crossing and stop the train.

If the car cannot be removed from the crossing, the car driver must:

• send two people along the tracks in both directions for 1000 m from the crossing (if one, then in the direction of the worst visibility of the track), explaining the procedure for giving a stop signal to the driver of the approaching train; a stop signal is a circular movement of the hand: during the day - with a piece of bright matter or some clearly visible object, at night - with a torch or lantern;
• stay near the vehicle and sound a general alarm with a series of one long and three short beeps;
• run towards the train (locomotive, trolley) when it appears, giving a stop signal.

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