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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Occupational safety instructions for an electrician for repairing overhead power lines in overhead contact network areas. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection This instruction is mandatory for maintenance, repair and testing of existing electrical installations:
Electricians servicing the above electrical installations, as well as administrative and technical personnel supervising maintenance and repair, must know and follow these instructions. Failure to comply with instructions is a violation of labor and production discipline. Persons who violate these instructions are liable (disciplinary, administrative or criminal) in accordance with current legislation, depending on the nature and consequences of the violation. These administration officials may have a reduced electrical safety group. Electricians for the contact network and maintenance of the electrical installations listed above must be persons who are at least 18 years old, physically and mentally healthy, as confirmed by a medical examination. Complete the necessary theoretical and practical training, introductory and initial training, on-the-job training under the guidance of a qualified employee, as well as training in the method of freeing the victim from the effects of current and providing first aid to the victim, passing exams at the distance qualification commission. Persons who successfully pass the exams are issued a certificate, which must be with them when performing official duties, as well as a warning coupon with them and presented to them upon request; compliance with labor safety requirements is monitored. The electrician must know and perform:
An electrician servicing the above electrical installations is obliged to comply with the requirements of regulations on occupational safety, the requirements of this instruction, the rules of behavior with machines, equipment and other means of protecting production at his workplace. The workplace for a contact network electrician is: contact network (wires, supporting structures and equipment that ensure the transmission of traction current), 6-10 kV automatic blocking overhead lines, DPR, KTPO. From the ECC base to the place of work, electricians are delivered by railcars, motor vehicles, and railways. transport, on foot. When performing work in electrical installations, the electrician is obliged to: strictly comply with all the requirements of this instruction and instructions TsE/4816, which fully ensures his safety. Harmful factors in the workplace are: height, voltage, train, induced voltage, ambient temperature, lifting machines and mechanisms. Work at height is considered to be all work performed with a rise from ground level to the worker’s feet to a height of 1 m or more. Before climbing onto supports, supporting structures and wires, the electrician must visually check: good condition, as well as the presence of grounding. The spark gap must be bridged. Lifting should be carried out from the field side of the support, if there are power supply and overhead line wires on the support - from the sides. The work should be carried out using a safety belt. It is necessary to fasten the belt with a carabiner to a support, cables, wires and other securely fastened structures. And it should be secured in such a way that the possibility of the worker, even if he falls, from approaching dangerous elements at a distance less than the established category of work is excluded. The attachment point of the carabiner should be no lower than the level of the worker’s chest. You can unfasten the carabiner to attach it to a new place only when there is reliable support at three points, for two legs and an arm. It is forbidden to remove the safety belt until you have completely descended to the ground. Work should be carried out in carefully tucked clothes and a protective helmet. Do not throw tools or materials to anyone working above. Move up and down devices and parts weighing up to 25 kg. Allowed with the help of a fishing rod, and over 25 kg. - polyspasts. It is prohibited to attach ropes intended for lifting loads directly to someone working at height. The brigade must have at least 2 safety belts. Disconnected power supply wires and overhead lines running parallel to them (DPR, POT, 6-10 kV overhead lines) constantly have a high potential caused by the inductive (electromagnetic) influence on them of adjacent tracks located in parallel and energized by the contact suspension, and non-traction wires consumers. Electromagnetic influence is a combination of two components: electrical and magnetic. The electrical component is caused by the electric field that is formed in the space surrounding the catenary and the wires of other overhead lines that are energized; the potential induced in a wire that is disconnected and isolated from the ground depends on the magnitude of the voltage in the influencing wire and the distance between the wires. If, with a distance between the wires of 5-10 m, the potential in a disconnected wire reaches several thousand volts, then when the wires are removed from each other even by 30 m, the potential drops to 250 V. As the height of the suspension decreases, the induced potential in the affected wire also decreases. Wires (cables) laid on the ground or buried in the ground are not subject to electrical influence. The magnetic component is caused by the passage of an alternating current through the wires of a nearby catenary or DPR, creating an alternating magnetic field in the surrounding space, the waves (field lines) of which, crossing other wires, located in the influence zone, induce an induced voltage in them. In the disconnected contact suspension of one track of two track sections, the induced voltage reaches 9 kV. When the distance between the wires increases by 10 times, the induced voltage decreases only 1,5 - 2,5 times. The sections of the contact network and DPR lines disconnected from the work, located on the power supply supports, must be grounded as follows: with two grounding rods located one to the other at a distance of no more than 2 meters. When working with a violation of the integrity of the wires (break) without applying a shunt jumper, double grounding connections are installed on both sides of the break point at a distance of no more than 100 m. In all categories of work, in order to avoid electric shock, the basic rule of electrical safety must be followed: all elements (parts) of the contact network, overhead lines and associated equipment at the work site must be under the same potential, for which they are electrically connected to each other by grounding or shunting rods, disconnectors, shunt jumpers. Before starting work of all categories, it is necessary to clearly understand in what dangerous combinations different potential elements may be found and what appropriate safety measures must be taken to comply with the basic rules of electrical safety. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work Before starting work, the electrician of the electrical network must receive instructions on how to carry out the work safely. The work must be formalized in a work order or order; without fulfilling the specified conditions, it is prohibited to begin the work. Put your overalls in order. Clothing should not restrict the movement of the worker. Check the sufficiency and serviceability of protective equipment. The work manager (electrician, acting work manager), in whose name the work order, instruction or order of the energy dispatcher is issued, answers:
Before starting work, the work manager must personally inspect all protective equipment, installation equipment and signaling accessories in order to check their suitability. All work on the cable network and overhead lines must be carried out according to the technological maps. On the territory of the EChK in industrial and amenity premises it is prohibited:
It is forbidden to perform tasks that do not comply with the rules of the PTB. Having discovered a violation of safety requirements or a threat to human life, the electrician must take measures to eliminate them. If he cannot take measures to eliminate the violation on his own, he must contact the management of the EC, EC. Operational service. Operational maintenance of the contact network, overhead lines 6-10 kV AB, DPR is carried out by operational and production personnel. Persons who know operational schemes, who have undergone training and knowledge testing in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Labor Protection” are allowed to perform operational maintenance of the specified equipment. Operational service consists of:
Inspection of the electrical network, DPR, 10 kV overhead lines and equipment associated with these devices is carried out by order of an employee who has a qualification group of at least IV without the right to climb to a height. In case of poor visibility, steep curves, deep recesses, during fog or snowstorms, walk-throughs to inspect the power supply network and overhead lines must be carried out in two persons. When inspecting in the dark, walking under the wires is not allowed. With regard to security measures, the categories of work are established:
Work performed with voltage relief and grounding includes work in which the voltage is removed in the area (place) where it is being performed and those wires and devices on which this work will be performed are grounded. Approaching wires under operating or induced voltage, as well as with a neutral element at a distance of less than 0,8 m, is prohibited. Work performed under voltage includes work in which the wires and equipment in the area (place of work) are under operating or induced voltage. The safety of workers is ensured by the use of protective equipment. Approaching grounded and neutral parts at a distance of less than 0,8 m is prohibited. Work performed near voltage includes work in which workers are on a permanently grounded structure. It is prohibited to approach dangerous elements at a distance of less than 0,8 m. Work performed away from live parts includes work in which accidental approach of working people and the repair equipment and tools used to dangerous elements at a distance of 2 m is excluded. Organizational measures to ensure the safety of work are:
The work is documented in a work order or order. The order can be issued to the manager directly or by telephone. It is one-time in nature. The work order is issued directly to the work manager, transmitted by telephone or by courier. The validity period should not exceed 5 calendar days. The work order is usually issued for work of one category. In cases where one work is a continuation of another and they form a single technological complex, it is allowed to include work of several categories in the work order. At the same time, the appropriate technical measures for work of each category must be indicated in the work order. Permission to prepare a work area (location) is an order or approval issued by the energy dispatcher. On the eve, the workshop manager or his deputy, personally or through the ECC duty officer, must give the energy dispatcher a request to carry out work. The person issuing the order or order is obliged to provide ongoing briefing to the work manager and team members about the features of the upcoming work, the procedure for its implementation, which is recorded in the labor safety briefing log with the signature of the work manager and the instructing person. If an order or order is transmitted by telephone or by courier, the current briefing is carried out respectively by telephone or in writing and recorded in the specified journal. Before being allowed to work according to an order or order, the manager is obliged to conduct ongoing briefing of team members directly at the place of work, in which he must indicate:
After the current briefing, all team members must sign in a special column on the work order. Registration of the current briefing when working according to the order is not required; in the case of a short-term “window” (less than 60 minutes) for carrying out work, it is allowed to carry out the current briefing and sign in the work order before receiving the order from the energy dispatcher. In all cases, admission is carried out by the work manager, after he has personally verified, directly at the work site, that all necessary measures have been taken to ensure the possibility of its safe production. Workers should be supervised by a supervisor. If work is performed one at a time by two or more groups, a separate observer is assigned to each group when the work order is issued. In this case, the work manager provides general management of the work and controls the implementation of safety regulations in all groups. The observer is prohibited from:
Breaks during the working day are documented in the work order. The manager must remove the entire team from the work area and allow it to begin again after the return of all team members and personal verification that the work conditions have changed. A break from work at the end of the working day is documented in the work order. Transitions to another workplace when performing the same type of work, as well as work that makes up a single technological complex, are documented in a work order indicating the start and end time of work, and a signature from team members about receiving instructions at each workplace. To prepare the workplace when working with stress relief, the following technical measures must be carried out in the specified order to ensure the safety of work:
If to carry out work on the electrical network it is necessary to close the section or the main tracks of the station for the movement of all trains or only the electric train, it is carried out by the train dispatcher on the basis of an application from the energy dispatcher registered in the order log of the train dispatcher. On station tracks, work that requires removing voltage from the electrical network and fencing with stop signals is carried out on the basis of a preliminary application from the work manager to the station duty officer with an entry in the track inspection log. When working on the stages and main tracks of a station with a removable insulating tower, warnings are issued to all trains by the time the crew begins work. The fencing of insulating removable towers is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Signaling Instructions and the Instructions for Ensuring the Safety of Train Traffic. The energy dispatcher must give an order to remove voltage from the electrical network based on the permission of the train dispatcher and the station duty officer. The operating voltage is removed from the power supply network, overhead lines and associated equipment by disconnecting the switching equipment that provides a visible break To prevent erroneous supply of voltage by disconnectors to the work site, the following safety precautions must be taken:
The work manager, after receiving the work order, must ensure that there is no voltage and grounding of live parts in the following order:
Removing the portable grounding rod is carried out in the reverse order. For grounding the power supply network, DPR wires, overhead lines above 1000 V, portable grounding rods with a copper grounding cable with a cross-sectional area of less than 50 mm2 should be used; the use of portable grounding rods with a copper grounding cable with a cross-sectional area of at least 25 mm2 is allowed. Sections of the power supply network and power distribution lines located on power supply supports that are disconnected for work must be grounded as follows: with two grounding rods located one from the other at a distance of no more than 200 m. When working with a violation of the integrity of the wires (break) without applying a shunt jumper, double grounding connections are installed on both sides of the break point at a distance of no more than 100 m. The application of a shunt jumper to the break point of the wires should be done after grounding the wires on both sides and installing a portable shunt rod. Overhead lines with voltages up to and above 1000 V in the induced voltage zone, the distance between grounding connections installed at the work site should not exceed 200 m. 3. Labor protection requirements during work Safety requirements when on the railway ways. When walking along the tracks on a stretch alone or in a group and to the side of the track or along the side of the road, at stations, walk along the side of the track, in the middle of the widest inter-track or along the passage route established for a given station. In this case, you need to keep an eye on moving trains, shunting trains, locomotives; when crossing the tracks, you should first look around and make sure that no rolling stock is approaching the place of passage; you should cross the tracks at a right angle, and you should not stand on the rail head between the points and frame rail of the turnout, crowd movement is not allowed. When crossing a track occupied by stationary rolling stock, use the transition platforms of the cars or bypass the train. It is prohibited to climb over, crawl under cars or automatic couplers, and drag tools under them. It is prohibited to cross the tracks in front of approaching locomotives, wagons, and railcars; when walking around a group of cars or locomotives standing on the track, you should cross the track at a distance of at least 5 m from the outermost car or locomotive and walk between uncoupled cars if the distance between them is at least 10 m. If it is not possible to walk to the side of the track or along the side of the road , then it is allowed to pass along the track only towards the movement of trains and 400 m before the approaching train you should move to the side of the road. When carrying out work involving voltage relief, it is necessary to follow the basic rule of electrical safety: secure grounding rods, portable or stationary rods and jumpers. It is prohibited to approach dangerous elements (neutral or live) at a distance of less than 0,8 m. Checking the absence of voltage on the wires of the mains and DPR is carried out “for a spark” when the tip of the hook touches the grounding rod, previously connected to the ground, of live parts no closer than 1 and from the insulator. In this case, touching the main wires and cables is not allowed. When climbing onto a support to check the absence of voltage, the electrician should not approach the wires at a distance of less than 0,8 m. The grounding conductor for the electrical network and the DPR is the traction rail. If grounding to the rail is difficult, it is prohibited to ground the power supply and DPR wires to a group grounding cable, to a metal support on the visible descent of the support, after visually checking their connection to the rail and bridging the spark gap with a jumper with a cross-section of at least 50 mm2. Grounding rods are not allowed to be installed directly at the work site in order to avoid contact disruption; they should be installed on the power supply network no closer than the mast span on the clamp of an adjacent support, on overhead lines and DPR. On the wires at the supports closest to the work site, behind the point where the wires are suspended. Grounding rods should not be included in the dimensions of the rolling stock. Retracting the grounding rod cable beyond the clearance is permitted only with insulating guys. Contact and metal connection of the grounding cable with power supply supports and other grounded metal structures is not allowed. Grounding rods must be located within the same block area and connected to the same traction rail. Before starting work, each electrician must personally make sure that the wires and devices at the work site are grounded, inspect the work area (location), paying special attention to the location of dangerous elements that cannot be approached. Special requirements for work under voltage. When performing work in this category, it is necessary to follow the basic electrical safety rule. Install portable or stationary shunt rods, shunt jumpers, and also turn off the sectional disconnectors. It is prohibited to approach dangerous elements (neutral and grounded) at a distance of less than 0,8 m. Before starting work under voltage, it is necessary to check the condition and serviceability of fences, ladders, shunt rods, wipe the insulating parts of the leiter and the platforms of the railcars. When working under voltage, it is necessary to ensure that the insulating part of the protective equipment is not bridged with metal cables, wires, etc. When working in areas of live sectioning at the insulating junction of anchor sections on the sectional and mortise insulators (outgoing branches) separating two sections of the power supply network, mortise insulators of flexible and rigid crossbars, the disconnectors shunting them must be turned on. In all cases, a shunt jumper must be installed at the work site, connecting to/suspension of adjacent tracks. The distance to this jumper should be no more than one mast span. If the distance to the shunt sectional disconnector is more than 600, it is necessary to install a shunt jumper using an insulating rod. It is forbidden to perform work on the mains under voltage in the following cases:
When working under voltage, do not touch live parts of the network. When the shunt rods are not installed, descend from or climb onto the insulating means, as well as transfer the tool to the working platform with the shunt rods hanging, be on the working platform of the insulating means when moving in the sectioning area, unless there is an order from the energy dispatcher to work in this place and are not followed appropriate technical measures, disassemble and weaken parts of the network that are under current load. When shunting wires, structures and equipment that ensure the transmission of traction current, the shunting jumpers must have a cross-section of at least 70% of the total traction current; the shunting jumpers must have a cross-section and be made of flexible copper wire. Special requirements when performing work near live parts. Approaching dangerous places (neutral or live elements) at a distance of less than 0,8 m is PROHIBITED. Work should begin after receiving instructions and permission from the work supervisor, while at the work site a grounding rod connected to the ground electrode must be prepared for hanging on the wires. The qualification group for TV performers when performing work near live parts must be IV, the work manager must have group V, and the observer must have group IV. When working with voltage relief and grounding, as well as near live parts, it is prohibited:
Special requirements when performing work away from live parts. Work should begin after receiving instructions and permission from the work supervisor. The qualification group of the performer when performing work must be not lower than II, and the work manager IV. When the brigade is dispersed, an additionally allocated observer must have a group of at least III. Works from insulating removable towers. The work is carried out without limiting the size of trains and reducing the speed of trains. The work manager is responsible for the safety of train traffic during work on the electrical network. Each team member is responsible for the amount of work he receives; work is carried out during daylight hours. There must be at least 4 people around it at all times, including the work manager and supervisors. There should be no more than two people on the work site. It is possible to carry out work from the tower only if it is stable, its frame has no transfers, and all 4 wheels touch the rails or the ground. When the tower is not on rails, it must be grounded to the rail by a copper shunt jumper with a cross-section of at least 50 mm2. Before starting work, the tower must be inspected and its insulation tested. Before starting work, you must follow the basic rule: hang two shunt rods on the wire. Observe the order of ascent to the tower and descent from it. The movement of the tower with electricians should be carried out only on rails and at the command of the electrician at the top, smoothly, without jolts or sudden stops, at a speed of no more than 5 km/h. When lifting the tower and lowering it into it, it is necessary to keep the tower from moving and tipping over. Working in curved sections of a track of any radius from a tower is prohibited. When performing work from a tower of all categories, it is prohibited:
When working from insulated removable towers under voltage, it is prohibited: Carry out work while any objects are hanging from the working platform below the upper shunting belt, or touch the removable tower above the grounding belt while the shunting rods are hung, directly or through any objects. If the wind speed is more than 12 m/s, work can be done from the tower only when the voltage is removed from the mains, and measures must be taken to prevent it from tipping over. Works from insulating working platforms of railcars and railcars. It is generally allowed to work from the work sites of railcars and railcars only with voltage relief and grounding. No more than three electricians are allowed on the work site. It is prohibited to work with the guard down. When performing work under voltage (replacing knocked-out suspension strings), entry and exit to the work site should only be done through a neutral platform and with the shunt rods removed from the wires. When working under voltage from work platforms, railcars and railcars are prohibited from: Move from the working platform to the neutral one and vice versa when shunt hoses are hung up or if the fence railings or any objects touch parts of the power supply. Be present or touch anyone while working on a neutral site. Perform stress relief work. The installation grounding work site has at least two portable grounding rods at a distance of at least one mast span on both sides of the work site. When performing work, mobile railcars or railcars with electricians present at the work site should be carried out at a speed of no more than 5 km/h upon execution command. Special requirements when performing certain types of work. Works on protective and working groundings. Maintenance of protective earthing refers to work near live parts. The work must be performed by a team of at least two people. At the same time, the work manager of the qualification group must observe both the workers and the movement of the train. To carry out the work of replacing the spark gap, you must follow the basic rule: Install and securely fasten a copper shunt jumper (special shunt) with a cross-section of at least 50 mm at the break site. Work on working groundings falls into the category of work involving voltage relief and grounding. They must be performed by a team consisting of at least two people, and the performer must have group III, and the leader must have group V. Before disconnecting or connecting the working grounding, the associated high-voltage equipment should be disconnected from the grounding switch on the side of the possible voltage supply. Works under tension on defecting insulators to / network. Defects of insulators are carried out using a measuring rod. The work is performed without an order, but with notification of the place of work. Defects begin with the first (lower) insulator of the garland from the mains, after which the top and then the middle ones are checked. When working with a measuring rod, the insulating part of the latter must be positioned so that the possibility of its overlap with adjacent current-carrying parts or grounded parts of the structure is excluded (do not bypass the insulating part of the rod). Care must be taken to ensure that the varnish of the rod is not damaged. If any irregularities are noticed in the operation of the rod, it is necessary to stop working immediately. On suspended insulators with insulating cables and simple connections, when each cable is located on a separate suspended garland of insulators, it is prohibited to place the defective rod with supporting cables during measurements. Defects of insulators were carried out from the outside of the garland (remove the leiter from the path). Beware of the clamp guards, reverse console posts of the adjacent track. Work under voltage on the installation of inserts into power supply wires, medium anchorage cables and elastic strings. Work on installing inserts in the power supply wires, replacing or installing the middle anchor cable, or elastic string must be carried out only with voltage relief and grounding of the power supply network. Work of KTPO on suction transformers. Work on KTPO and suction transformers is carried out in accordance with the developed instructions. Works on reverse current wires. Work without breaking the circuit of the return current wires can be performed without removing the voltage from the power supply. In this case, the work is considered to include voltage relief and grounding and must be carried out with grounding of the return current wires in the work area on both sides to the traction rail. Ground connections to the traction rail must be located within the same block section and connected to the same traction rail. When grounding the return current wires, it is necessary to invite ShCh workers. The spark gap in the protective grounding of the support where the work is being done (the place of work) should be shunted. When working with a violation of the integrity of the wires (break), double grounding connections are installed on both sides of the break point at a distance of no more than 100 m. Work with the use of lifting machines and mechanisms in security zones of electrical networks and overhead lines. Work within the security zone using lifting machines must be carried out according to order. The work manager when working with disconnecting and grounding overhead lines must have group V, and in other cases - group IV. Crane operator group II. The use of lifting machines when working in a security zone without disconnecting and grounding it is permitted in the case when the distance (by air) from the lifting or sliding part (in any position) or load to the nearest live wire will be at least:
When working on the line, the driver and electricians must ensure that, due to uneven terrain, the working body of the lifting machine does not tilt towards the wires. 4. Labor protection requirements at the end of work After complete completion of the work, the workplace is put in order and accepted by the responsible manager. If a responsible manager has not been appointed, then the work order of the operational personnel is handed over to the work manager. The work order can be closed only after inspecting the equipment and the place of work, checking the absence of people, foreign objects, tools and with proper cleanliness. Closing of the work order is carried out after the following are sequentially completed:
You can turn on the electrical installation only after receiving permission from the employee who gave permission to prepare the workplace and the admission of the team or replaced him. 5. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations If defects are detected in electrical installations (sparking, overheating of contacts, cable damage, etc.), you must inform the person on duty. Restoration work in emergency cases, as well as short-term, urgent work to eliminate such equipment malfunctions that could lead to an accident, are allowed to be carried out by a detailed order of the energy dispatcher by a team consisting of repair and operational personnel. For the safety of work, all technical and organizational measures to ensure the safety of work must be carried out. If a broken wire is detected, it is necessary to organize security of the damage site or install warning signs and notify the energy dispatcher. It is necessary to turn off the electrical installation in case of an accident with people or a fire in the area of the electrical installation. To free the victim from the effects of electric current, it is necessary to immediately turn off the electrical installation. Moreover, if the victim is at a height, measures must be taken to ensure the safety of the victim’s fall. To separate the victim from live parts with voltages above 1000 V, you should wear dielectric gloves and use insulating pliers and rods designed for the voltage of the given installation. When a person gets under voltage, it is of great importance to quickly release the victim from the action of electric current and the correct provision of first aid before the arrival of a doctor. See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health
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