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Instruction on labor protection for an electrician on maintenance and repair of power supply devices. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, introductory briefing, briefing and training at the workplace, testing knowledge on labor protection, internship and having a qualification group in electrical safety not lower than III are allowed to work on the maintenance and repair of power supply devices (EPS) of communication equipment .

1.2. EPU employees are required to:

1.2.1. Know and comply with the rules on labor protection when working at telephone enterprises in the scope of the duties performed, annually confirm the qualification group for electrical safety;

1.2.2. Know the procedure for checking and using manual mechanical and power tools, devices to ensure the safe production of work, protective equipment;

1.2.3. Perform only the work that is defined in the equipment operating instructions or job descriptions approved by the administration of the enterprise, and on condition that the safe ways of doing it are well known to him;

1.2.4. Know and be able to provide first aid to victims of accidents:

1.2.5. Comply with the rules of internal labor regulations;

1.2.6. Follow the instructions on fire safety measures.

1.3. When servicing the EPU, the following hazardous and harmful production factors are possible:

1.4. Dangerous voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body, electric shock, electric arc burn;

1.4.1. Harmful substances (lead, sulfuric acid, carbon monoxide);

1.4.2. Insufficient illumination of the working area;

1.4.3. fire, explosion;

1.4.4. Falls from height of personnel and objects.

1.4.5. Depending on the volume, duration and complexity of the work performed in the existing EPU, they can be carried out in the order of current operation, according to orders and orders. Lists of these worries are developed by those responsible for the electrical economy and approved by the management of the enterprise.

1.4.6. Work performed in the order of current operation is performed solely with an entry in the log of work performed.

1.4.7. When performing work according to orders and orders, organizational and technical measures must be carried out in full.

1.4.8. Each order for work with the necessary list of organizational and technical measures must be recorded in the operational log personally by the person who gave the order, or at his direction by the person of the operational personnel.

1.4.9. The work order is filled in according to the established form and handed over to the team before starting work with a targeted briefing.

1.5. All switching in the electrical circuits of switchboards must be carried out by order or with the knowledge of administrative personnel with an entry in the operational log.

1.6. In case of accidents with a person or people, fires, natural disasters, as well as during the liquidation of accidents, operational switching is allowed without indicating the administration of the energy department, but with its subsequent notification and entry in the operational log.

1.7. Depending on the category of industrial premises, according to the degree of danger of electric shock, power tools must be used not lower than the following classes:

• class 1 - in rooms without increased danger, use personal protective equipment when working;
• classes P-Sh - in rooms with increased danger and outdoors, it is allowed to work without the use of personal protective equipment, unless this is specifically stated in the vehicle's passport;
• class Ш - in especially dangerous rooms, as well as under adverse conditions (boilers, tanks, etc.) - with the mandatory use of personal protective equipment.

If it is impossible to ensure the operation of power tools for a voltage of 42 V in rooms with increased danger, it is allowed to use a power tool with a voltage of 220 V, provided that the case is reliably grounded with the obligatory use of protective equipment: dielectric gloves, galoshes, carpets. In especially dangerous premises and outdoors, the use of portable lamps for a voltage of not more than 12 V is allowed.

The victim or eyewitness immediately notifies the immediate supervisor of each accident at work.

1.8. For non-compliance with this instruction, the perpetrators are held accountable in accordance with the internal labor regulations or penalties determined by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Check and verify the availability and serviceability of the necessary tools, devices to ensure safe work performance, personal protective equipment, fire extinguishing equipment.

2.2. Put on special clothes, special shoes, corresponding to the nature of the proposed work, adjust them without allowing constraint when moving.

2.3. Inspect and prepare the workplace, put it in order, remove objects throwing work. Lay out the working tool and accessories, auxiliary material in a convenient and safe manner. Conduct an inspection of the state of technical equipment with an entry in the operational log.

2.4. Do not carry out any work on the repair of fixtures, equipment, etc., if this is not part of the employee's responsibilities.

2.5. Report all deficiencies, as well as malfunctions of the tool and protective equipment found during inspection at the workplace, to report to the shift supervisor for taking measures to completely eliminate or replace them.

2.6. Before working on batteries:

2.6.1. Turn on the supply and exhaust ventilation of the battery.

2.6.2. Put on serviceable overalls, rubber boots and prepare individual protective equipment (rubberized sleeves, rubber gloves and goggles), fasten the cuffs of the sleeves, put on a rubber apron (its lower edge should be lower than the upper edge of the tops of the boots), fill the clothes like this. so that there are no developing ends of it, pick up the hair under a tight-fitting headdress.

2.6.3. Special clothing should be stored separately from everyday clothing (in a special closet compartment). It is possible to use overalls only when performing work related to the maintenance of batteries. Do not use nylon aprons or other clothing that can accumulate static electricity. Check if the work area is adequately lit.

2.6.4. Before starting work, it is necessary to establish the procedure for recording, storing and issuing to the installation personnel the keys to the battery room, the doors of which must be permanently locked.

2.6.5. Near the room with batteries (next to the sink) there should be cotton wool soap in a package, a towel and a closed vessel with a 5-10% neutralizing solution of baking soda (one teaspoon of soda per glass of water) - for acid batteries and a 5-10% solution of boric acid (one teaspoon of boric acid per glass of water) - for alkaline batteries. For washing eyes, weaker (2-3%) neutralizing solutions should be used.

2.6.6. All vessels with electrolyte, distilled water, soda solution or boric acid solution must have clear inscriptions (name) of their content.

2.6.7. Acid and electrolyte should be stored in glass bottles with ground-in stoppers. Bottles with acid in the amount necessary for the operation of the batteries, and empty bottles should be in a separate room with the battery. Bottles are placed on the floor in baskets or wooden crates.

2.6.8. Sufficient rags and sawdust should be stored in a closed box.

2.6.9. Before starting work with the distiller, it is necessary to check the availability and reliability of the grounding of the apparatus. It is forbidden to turn on the device in the lighting network, the power must be supplied through a knife switch or switch.

2.7. Before starting work on power plants with engines; internal combustion (ICE):

2.8. Before starting the engine, the electrician is obliged to inspect it and make sure that the parts of the engine and safety devices are in good condition;

2.8.1. When starting the engine, it is forbidden to heat the oil and fuel supply systems with blowtorches, torches, etc. Hot water should be used to heat the system;

2.8.2. Filling fuel supply tank. installed near the engine, must be carried out before starting the engine or after it has stopped and cooled down. It is forbidden to pour fuel into the tank of a running engine;

2.8.3. In the engine room, it is allowed to have a fuel reserve for no more than one day of operation of the power plant unit. Fuel should be stored in a closed, serviceable metal container.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. Work only in serviceable and carefully fitted overalls and safety shoes, use personal protective equipment required at this workplace in accordance with current standards.

3.2. Do not allow ignition of fire, smoking, sparks in electrical appliances in the accumulator room, shaft, compressor room - KSU (except for repair work carried out with the written permission of the technical manager of the enterprise).

3.3. Use portable lamps with a voltage corresponding to the classification of the room according to the degree of danger.

3.4. Checking the presence of voltage should only be carried out with a tested and tested tool.

3.5. It is forbidden to use protective equipment whose expiration date has expired.

3.6. Do not touch live parts with bare hands. If it is necessary to work on current-carrying parts, use a tool with dielectric handles and work with dielectric gloves.

3.7. When working on electrical equipment, use portable grounding, fences, stands and hang out safety signs.

3.8. When electrical equipment is taken out for repair, it is necessary to make a double break in the power supply with warning and prohibition signs posted. In this case, an entry is made in the operational log.

3.9. In front of battery boards, rectifiers and power distribution boards, dielectric carpets with a length corresponding to the length of the electrical installation must be laid.

3.10. Admission to the rectifier room of persons with a qualification group below P is allowed only under the supervision of a person servicing this installation.

3.11. When servicing the rectifier, the following precautions must be observed:

3.11.1. Do not allow persons who are not related to their maintenance to the rectifiers;

3.11.2. All repair work in the rectifier cabinet should be carried out only after disconnecting the DC and AC voltages from the rectifier or turning off the repair switch;

3.11.3. Keep the cabinet of the working rectifier closed;

3.12. All types of repair work on rectifier installations must be carried out with a complete removal of voltage with the execution of a work order.

3.13. A person performing work near live parts under voltage should be positioned so that these live parts are in front of him and only on one side. It is forbidden to perform work if live parts under voltage are located at the rear or on both sides.

3.14. The fuses must be replaced with the voltage removed, if the voltage cannot be removed, then the fuses must be changed under voltage up to 1000V, but always with the load removed, using insulating pliers, wearing goggles and dielectric gloves.

3.15. Measurements with portable devices and current clamps must be carried out by two persons, one of whom must have an electrical safety group not lower than IV, and the second - not lower than III.

3.16. While working in the battery room:

3.16.1. It is not allowed to light an open fire, smoking;

3.16.2. A portable 12 V safety lamp should be used;

3.16.3. Checking the voltage of the batteries must be done only with a voltmeter;

3.16.4. It is necessary to monitor the uninterrupted operation of ventilation;

3.17. When transporting acid, electrolyte and when preparing electrolyte, in order to avoid burns, the following rules must be observed:

3.18. Bottles with acid or electrolyte should be stored with closed stoppers and only in crates;

3.18.1. Drain acid from bottles in crates together or use a special siphon for this purpose;

3.18.2. Acid bottles should be rearranged and transported only in crates together, using carts for this;

3.18.3. Do not spill acid on the floor, cover spilled sulfuric acid with sawdust, moisten with a solution of soda or cover with soda, after putting on rubber gloves;

3.18.4. Mixing sulfuric acid with water should be done in containers made of special materials; do not use glassware to prepare the electrolyte, because it can burst from heating;

3.18.5. To mix acid with water, first pour cold water and then pour acid in a thin stream. It is forbidden to pour acid first, then water, because this will cause boiling and violent spraying of hot acid, which will lead to severe burns;

3.18.6. Before pouring, topping up and preparing electrolyte, put on goggles and rubber gloves;

3.18.7. Filling the battery must be carried out with electrolyte at a temperature of + 10 - 30 ° C, after a thorough check of all cans.

3.19. When working in the battery, when the battery is being charged or formed, it is necessary to use respirators.

3.20. When the electrolyte temperature reaches 40 ° C during the charging period, it is necessary to stop charging or reduce the current strength so that no temperature rise is observed.

3.21. In the aisles between racks with batteries, there should not be, at least temporarily, any objects AND materials (except for those necessary for repair work).

3.22. To prevent gases and electrolyte mist from penetrating from the battery room into other rooms, the doors of the vestibule and the battery room must be tightly closed.

3.23. At the end of work in the battery, before each meal and smoking, you must thoroughly wash your face and hands with soap, then rinse your hands with a 1% solution of acetic acid, and also rinse your mouth with water.

3.24. When charging sealed type batteries, do not lean close to the batteries to avoid being burned by acid splashes from the battery opening.

3.25. While working with the distiller:

3.25.1. During the operation of the device, in case of any malfunction (replacement of a fusible link, signal lamp), the device must be turned off;

3.25.2. It is forbidden to touch the studs of electric heaters if the device is connected to the mains;

3.25.3. It is necessary to open the water tap for the water of the machine;

3.25.4. Apply voltage to the electrical panel of the device, turn on the switch or switch;

3.25.5. Put the toggle switch on the shield to the "on" position, and the signal lamp "network" will light up;

3.25.6. When the required water level in the distiller tank is reached, the level sensor will automatically turn on the electric heaters, and the "on" signal lamp will light up.

3.26. When performing soldering work on technological equipment, the presence of other workers in the immediate vicinity of the place of soldering is prohibited.

3.27. Soldering processes can be accompanied by air pollution. Lead contamination of the surface of the skin of the hands, as well as the oral cavity, can occur.

3.28. When performing soldering at non-fixed workplaces, it is necessary to use trays to place soldering irons, solder and other materials on them.

3.29. Before eating or smoking, wash your hands well with soap and rinse your mouth with water.

3.30. It must be remembered that lead and its oxides are poisonous, they should not be allowed to come into contact with the skin.

3.31. When fluorescent lamps fail, the electrician must remove the burned-out lamps from the fittings and put them in a special metal container. Lamps must be intact during transport and storage.

3.32. When servicing a diesel installation:

3.32.1. When pouring fuel and oil, do not bring fire close to it and smoke. Filling with fuel must be done using funnels;

3.32.2. It is necessary to ensure that there are no leaks of fuel and oil in the tanks and in the pipeline connections;

3.32.3. If fuel and oil leaks are detected, they must be eliminated immediately;

3.32.4. Carefully clean and wipe all parts of the unit from smudges of fuel and grease. Cleaning material should be stored only in a metal box;

3.32.5. It is necessary to periodically drain unburned fuel from the muffler through the drain plug;

3.32.6. It must be ensured that during the operation of the unit there are no flammable materials near the exhaust pipes;

3.32.7. It is necessary to monitor the serviceability of the fire extinguisher and always keep it in full readiness for use;

3.32.8. In case of fuel ignition, use an OU-type fire extinguisher, as well as sand or a tarpaulin. When extinguishing fuels and lubricants, it is strictly forbidden to pour out the flame with water;

3.32.9. It is necessary to monitor the serviceability of the fan guard, do not touch the fan blades, its drive belts, pulleys and clutches of the fuel pump drive of the charging generator during the operation of the unit, both with hands and with a tool in order to avoid accidents;

3.32.10. It is impossible to lubricate, adjust and wipe a running engine;

3.32.11. When the engine overheats, open the radiator filler cap, in order to avoid burns, it is necessary to wear gloves and keep your face away from the neck, since there may be a release of hot water;

3.32.12. During the operation of the unit, unauthorized persons must not be allowed;

3.32.13. In the event of an accident, immediately stop the engine by turning the fuel supply lever;

3.32.14. When working with low-freezing ethylene glycol coolants of grades "40" and "65", it is forbidden to suck them up by mouth through a hose. If ethylene glycol liquids come into contact with the skin, wash them off with warm water and soap;

3.32.15. The manifold, exhaust pipe and engine muffler within the room must be covered with heat-insulating materials or securely enclosed;

3.32.16. Workers servicing internal combustion engines and units must wear overalls, headgear during work, and during checks, adjustments and control starts - in anti-noise devices.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. Each employee who discovers violations of the requirements of this instruction, labor protection rules or notices a malfunction of the equipment that poses a danger to people is obliged to report this to the immediate supervisor.

In cases where a malfunction of the equipment poses a threatening danger to people or the equipment itself, the employee who discovered it is obliged to take measures to terminate the operation of the equipment, and then notify his manager about this. Troubleshooting is carried out in compliance with safety requirements.

4.2. If an accident occurs during work, it is necessary to immediately provide first aid to the victim, report the incident to his immediate supervisor and take measures to preserve the situation of the accident, if this is not and is associated with a danger to life and health of people.

4.3. In case of electric shock, it is necessary to release the victim from the action of electric current as soon as possible, in case of work at height, take measures. preventing him from falling. The equipment should be disconnected using the plug-in connector switches, cut the supply wire with a tool with insulated handles. If it is impossible to turn off the equipment quickly enough, other measures must be taken to free the victim from the action of the current.

To separate the victim from current-carrying parts or wires, use a stick, board or some other dry object that does not conduct electricity; at the same time, the assisting person must stand on a dry, non-conductive place, or wear dielectric gloves.

4.4. In the event of a fire in a technical room, it is necessary to immediately start extinguishing it with the available means (carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, asbestos blankets, sand) and call the fire department.

4.5. If extraneous voltage is detected at the workplace, work should be stopped immediately and reported to the shift supervisor.

4.6. If you smell gas, you must immediately call the emergency gas service, inform the management of the enterprise, organize the evacuation of personnel from the building, do not turn on or off the pantographs, and ensure natural ventilation of the room.

4.7. In case of violation of the operating mode, damage or accident on the power-supplying equipment, the electrician must independently take measures to eliminate the malfunction and report the incident to the immediate supervisor or the person responsible for the electrical economy.

4.8. If acid or alkali comes into contact with open parts of the body, immediately thoroughly rinse the affected area with a rapidly flowing stream of water for 10-15 minutes. After that, apply cotton wool moistened with a neutralizing solution (soda or boric acid, respectively) to the affected area. In case of acid getting into the eyes, immediately wash it off with a plentiful stream of water, then rinse with a 1% solution of baking soda and report to the immediate supervisor.

4.9. In case of signs of damage, from an increased concentration of sulfuric acid in the air, you must go out into the fresh air, drink milk and baking soda and report to your immediate superior.

4.10. Electrolyte spilled on racks should be wiped off with a rag soaked in a neutralizing solution. The electrolyte spilled on the floor must first be collected with sawdust, then moisten this area of ​​the floor with a neutralizing solution (soda or boric acid, respectively) and wipe it with dry rags.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Make the necessary switch-offs. De-energize devices and equipment that are unnecessary for work. Make an entry in the log of work performed on the completion of work.

If the repair work on the electrical equipment is completed, then it is necessary to remove the portable grounding, warning prohibition signs, about which to make an entry in the operational log.

5.2. Tidy up your workspace. Remove tools, accessories, overalls and protective equipment to the designated place.

5.3. Ensure the fire safety of the premises.

5.4. Inform the shift worker (shift supervisor) about all malfunctions noticed during work and the measures taken to eliminate them. Hand over the shift and the keys to the EPU premises

5.5. Wash face and hands thoroughly with warm water and soap. Rinse your mouth well with water, and in the case of work related to lead, be sure to neutralize lead with a 1% solution of acetic acid or OP-7 paste before washing your hands.

Annex 1. List of overalls, technological footwear and other personal protective equipment for electricians

Appendix 2. List of sanitary facilities for electricians EPU

Annex 3. List of accounting documents for power supply devices of automatic telephone exchanges with a capacity of 2000 or more numbers

1. Inventory log of the main equipment (equipment log).

2. Journal of work performed.

3. Operational (operational) log.

4. Battery magazine.

5. Journal of electricity consumption.

6. Journal of accounting and verification of protective equipment.

7. Journal of accounting and verification of portable power tools.

8. Passport for grounding device.

9. Journal of briefings.

10. Journal of 3-stage control over the state of labor protection.

Annex 4. List of protective equipment and devices for electrical installations of hydraulic structures

1. Voltage indicator 1 pc.

2. Tool with insulating handles 2 sets

3. Insulating pliers 1 pc.

4. Rubber dielectric gloves 2 pairs

5. Galoshes 2 pairs

6. Carpets, insulating pads 2 sets

7. Insulating stands and insulating ladders, 1 pc.

8. Portable grounding more than 2 pcs.

9. Warning posters 2 sets

10. Safety glasses used when changing fuses, when working with electrolyte, when grinding collectors, 1 pc.

11. Respirators and gas masks, 1 pc.

12. Suit, apron, boots and gloves used for working with electrolyte, 1 set each

13. Temporary fences 2 sets

14. First aid kit 1 pc.

15. Discharge insulating rod 1 pc.

16. Operational insulating rod 1 pc.

17. Electrical clamps Ts-4501 1 pc.

Annex 5. Work with hand tools

1. Before you start working with a hand tool, you need to make sure that it is in full working order: the correct attachment of the hammer, sledgehammer, ax, whether the metal is split along the edges of the hammer, sledgehammer.

2. Crowbars must be straight, with drawn and pointed ends.

3. The heads of sledgehammers and hammers must have a smooth, slightly convex surface without gouges, chips, potholes, cracks, burrs and hard work.

4. The handles of the percussion tool must be made of dry wood of hard and viscous species without knots and slant, with a smooth surface and wedged with pointed wedges.

5. The chisel should not be shorter than 150 mm, the length of its drawn part is 60-70 mm. The point should be sharpened at an angle of 65-70 degrees, the cutting edge should be a straight or slightly convex line, and the side edges should not have sharp edges in the places where they are gripped by the hand.

6. When working with a chisel or other hand tool for cutting metal, workers must be provided with safety glasses with safety glasses and cotton gloves.

7. Screwdrivers must have insulating handles without cracks or chips. The working part must correspond to the diameter of the screw and. slot width.

8. Wrenches must strictly match the dimensions of the nuts and bolts. The jaws of the keys must be parallel. Their working surfaces should not have knocked down bevels, and burr handles. It is forbidden to unscrew nuts and bolts by extending the keys with second keys or pipes. Each key must be clearly marked.

9. The position of the tool at the workplace should eliminate the possibility of it rolling or falling: it is prohibited to place the tool on the railing of fences or the unprotected edge of the site, scaffolding and scaffolding.

10. When carrying or transporting the tool, its sharp parts should be protected with covers or otherwise.

11. When using a tool with insulating handles, it is forbidden to hold it behind stops or shoulders that prevent fingers from slipping towards metal parts.

12. It is forbidden to use a tool with insulating handles, in which dielectric covers or coatings do not fit tightly to the handles, have swelling, delamination, cracks, shells, etc.

13. Tools with insulating handles should be stored indoors on shelves or racks, do not touch heaters and be protected from sunlight and moisture.

14. Tools with insulating handles shall be tested.

15. Power tools, hand-held electrical machines, portable transformers and lamps must be safe in operation, not have live parts accessible for accidental contact, not have damage to the housings and insulation of the supply wires.

16. All power tools must be stored in a dry place, have an inventory serial number, be accounted for and checked at least once every 1 months.

17. Grounding of the body of a power tool for voltages above 42 V must be carried out using a special core of the supply wire, which must not simultaneously serve as a conductor of the working electric current.

18. When using power tools, their wires or cables should be suspended whenever possible. Direct contact of wires and cables with metal hot, wet and oily surfaces or objects is not allowed.

19. In the event of a power outage while working with a power tool or when work is stopped, as well as when the employee leaves the workplace, the power tool must be disconnected from the mains.

20. If during work an employee notices a malfunction of a power tool or feels even a slight effect of an electric current, he is obliged to immediately stop working and hand over the faulty tool for inspection and repair.

21. Electric lamps must be equipped with a safety net with a reflector and a hanging hook.

22. When working in rooms with increased danger, lamps with a voltage of not more than 42 V are used. When working in especially unfavorable conditions - not more than 12 V.

23. Metal cases of measuring instruments and casings of portable transformers and their secondary windings must be grounded.

24. The length of the hose wire for connecting the step-down transformer to the network should not exceed 2m.

Appendix No. 6. Characteristics of classes of electrical products

Annex 7. Work at height

1. All parts of ladders and step-ladders must have a smooth planed surface, not have cracks.

2. Work at height includes those works in which the employee is above 1,3 m from the surface, soil, ceilings or working platform, and in electrical installations - above 1 m.

3. It is forbidden to use wooden ladders and step-ladders knocked down with nails, without cutting the steps into the bowstrings and without fastening the bowstring with bolts.

4. The length of the ladder should ensure the possibility of performing work while standing on a step located at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder, should not exceed 5 m. In case of insufficient length, it is forbidden to arrange support structures from boxes, barrels, etc., as well as to install ladders with an angle of inclination to the horizon of more than 75 degrees without additional fastening of the upper part.

5. The lower ends of ground-mounted portable ladders must have sharp-tipped fittings, and when used on smooth and rough floors, must have shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material. If necessary, the upper ends of the ladders must have special hooks.

6. Platforms for ladders with a height of 1,3 m or more must have fences or stops.

7. Sliding step-ladders must have a locking device that excludes the possibility of spontaneous extension during operation.

8. It is forbidden to work from the two upper steps of stepladders that do not have railings or stops, and ladders, as well as to be on the steps of more than one person.

9. It is forbidden to move at a height from a ladder or ladder to another.

10. It is forbidden to work on ladders near and above running machines, conveyors, etc., as well as using electric and mechanized tools.

11. Before starting work on the ladder, it is necessary to ensure its stability, and then, by inspection and testing, make sure that it cannot slip or be accidentally moved.

12. If it is not possible to securely fix the top of the ladder, as well as when working in places with the movement of people, in order to prevent the ladder from falling from accidental shocks, it is necessary that another worker hold the ladder.

13. To work at height on the flights of staircases, special floorings must be arranged.

14. Ladders must have inventory numbers and be tested.

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