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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection for an electromechanic of a traction substation. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection The operation of the electrical installations of the traction substation must be carried out by specially trained electrical personnel. An electrician for the maintenance and repair of a traction substation may be a person who is at least 18 years old, physically and mentally healthy. The state of health is determined by a medical examination. When applying for a job, he must pass an introductory, primary briefing, on-the-job training, a knowledge test with the issuance of an electrical safety certificate, followed by an annual knowledge test. The basis for admission to independent work is the conclusion of the commission for testing knowledge. The electrician must have a certificate for admission to work in electrical installations during the performance of work. The electrician of the traction substation must know and perform:
An electrician of a traction substation must know and comply with the requirements of labor protection regulations, the rules of conduct with machines, mechanisms, equipment and other means of production at his workplace, comply with the requirements of this instruction, failure to comply with these requirements should be considered a violation of labor discipline. The workplace of a traction substation electrician is a switchgear located on the territory of the traction substation service area. Hazardous factors in the workplace are: electric current, height, ambient temperature, ice, wind, thunderstorm, lifting mechanisms, induced voltage. Electromechanics of the traction substation are provided with overalls and special footwear free of charge. The traction substation electrician must maintain order at the workplace. Monitor the serviceability of overalls and safety shoes. Food should be taken in the dining room. Personal clothing and overalls should be stored in boxes. To prevent colds, it is necessary to ensure that clothes and shoes are not wet, avoid drafts, do not overcool and do not overheat the body. 2. Safety requirement before starting work Before starting work, the electrician must receive an order, an order, and when performing work in the current operation, he will issue an entry in the journal. Check the condition of the workplace, tools, equipment, special work clothes, eliminate the detected defects and malfunctions. Obtain permission to work along with or order from the authorizing or the manufacturer of the work. To ensure the safe performance of work with de-energization, the electrical equipment on which the work will be performed, as well as non-shielded current-carrying parts, which may be approached by people or the repair equipment and tools used by them, must be turned off. In electrical installations over 1000 V, from all directions from where switching devices can supply voltage to the workplace, there must be a visible break by turning off disconnectors, knife switches, removing the fuse, disconnecting tires, wires. In electrical installations up to 1000 V on which work will be carried out, the voltage must be removed from all sides by turning off the switching devices and removing them if there are fuses in the circuit. When working on voltage transformers, there must be an additional circuit shutdown up to 1000 V to prevent reverse transformation. Organizational measures that ensure the safety of work in electrical installations are:
To prepare the workplace when performing work with stress relief, technical measures must be taken in the following sequence:
In electrical installations above 1000 V, grounding is superimposed on the current-carrying parts of all phases of the section of this electrical installation that is disconnected for work (from all sides where voltage can be supplied), with the exception of busbars that are disconnected for work, on which it is enough to apply one ground. In all cases, except for outdoor switchgear-110 kV, where grounding knives are not visible from the work site, portable grounding is applied to the work site. Groundings should be applied in areas that have been stripped of paint and bordered with black stripes. In electrical installations, the design of which is such that grounding is dangerous or impossible (for example, in the main switchboard and auxiliary cabinet, TN-110 kV), when preparing the workplace, additional safety measures must be taken to prevent erroneous voltage supply to the work site (knives or upper contacts of disconnectors, knife switches, automata are blocked with rubber caps or hard plates made of insulating material, fuses connected in series with switching equipment are removed, etc.) The admission of the brigade is allowed only in one order. Before the admission of the brigade, the foreman with the admission must check the preparation of the workplace. The foreman and all members of the team must receive instruction from the issuer of the order, an order regarding safety measures and the scope of work. Without a briefing, the admission of teams to work is prohibited. Before starting work with hand-held electric machines, portable lamps and power tools, you should do the following:
3. Safety requirements during work When working in electrical installations. Work in electrical installations in relation to safety measures are divided into those performed with voltage relief, without voltage relief on current-carrying parts and near them; without de-energizing away from live parts under voltage. When working in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V without removing the voltage on current-carrying parts and near them, it is necessary: Disconnect other current-carrying parts located near the workplace, under voltage, which may be accidentally touched; work in dielectric galoshes or standing on an insulating stand or dielectric mat; use a tool with insulating handles, in the absence of such a tool, use dielectric gloves. It is necessary to turn on and off disconnectors and manually operated switches with dielectric gloves. Installation and removal of fuses, as a rule, is carried out when the voltage is off, under voltage, but without load, it is allowed to remove and install fuses on connections in the circuits of which there are no switching devices. Under voltage, it is allowed to remove and install fuses of transformers up to 1000 V. When installing and removing live fuses, use pliers or dielectric gloves. In electrical installations, it is forbidden to work in a bent position. When performing work near unprotected current-carrying parts, it is forbidden to position yourself so that these parts are at the back or on both sides. When working on the blocks of switches of the feeders of the contact network, the feeder of the DPR, TSN, 27,5 kV bushings, it is forbidden to stick out the tool beyond the mesh fence. It is forbidden for one person to remain at the workplace, any work must be performed by at least two employees. Under no circumstances should you expand the workplace defined by the order or order. The workplace is fenced with a rope fence. It is forbidden to go outside the fence. When performing work without relieving voltage on live parts using insulating means, it is necessary:
Temporary removal of portable grounds installed during the preparation of the workplace is allowed, if this is required by the nature of the work (insulation measurement, etc.). At night, the workplace and the passages to it must be illuminated. When a thunderstorm approaches, work should be stopped on the LR of the feeders of the contact network and DPR, in the cable compartments of RN-10 kV and STsB, LR of 110 kV bushings. The base of ladders installed on a smooth surface must be covered with rubber, and the bases of stairs installed on the ground must have sharp metal tips. When servicing, as well as repairing electrical installations, the use of metal ladders is prohibited. When a ground fault is detected, it is forbidden to approach the fault location at a distance of less than 4 m in closed switchgear and less than 8 m in open switchgear. Working with tools and power tools. Use the tool for its intended purpose. It is not allowed to use a defective tool, as this may lead to an accident. Hammers and sledgehammers must have a convex surface of the impact part without cracks and burrs, securely mounted on wooden handles, wedged with metal wedges. Chisels, barbs, cores should not have cracks, burrs. Wrenches must correspond to the dimensions indicated on the wrench itself, the use of wrenches with cracks and worn jaws is not allowed. It is forbidden to build up keys with other keys or pipes. Work with an electric drill should be in dielectric gloves. When working on a drilling machine, correctly fix and securely install the workpiece on the machine table. When working with a power tool, check the idle speed before starting work. Do not grasp the rotating cutting tool with your hands. When working with a soldering iron, in a heated state, put it on a fireproof surface. Power tools should only be operated at the voltage for which they are designed. Before turning on the power tool, you must make sure that it is in good condition, that the grounding is available and in good condition, and that the start-up of the mechanism does not endanger anyone. If any malfunctions are found during operation or inspection of the tool, it is necessary to stop work and inform the supervisor. Do not leave a running tool unattended. Work with lifting machines and mechanisms. Work with lifting machines and mechanisms at the traction substation is carried out along the way. During all work in the switchgear of the substation, hoisting machines are grounded. If, as a result of contact with live parts or the occurrence of an electric discharge, the mechanism or lifting machines become energized, it is prohibited to touch them and get down from them until the voltage is removed. During the operation of lifting machines, people are not allowed to stay under the load being lifted, the tension wire, traction cables and braces, the basket of the telescopic tower, as well as from the side of the tension slings. When working from a telescopic tower, there must be visual communication between the electricians in the basket and the driver of the telescopic tower. Work from a telescopic tower should be standing at the bottom of the basket and secured to it with safety belt slings. The transition from the basket to the support or equipment and back is allowed only with the permission of the work foreman is not allowed. The work of lifting machines with wind that causes deviations to a dangerous place is the distance of free cables of ropes, with which the load is pressed. Work in electrical installations associated with lifting to height. Work at a height of 1 m or more from the surface of the ground or ceiling refers to work performed at height. During the performance of these works, measures must be taken to prevent workers from falling from a height. Work performed at a height of more than 5 m from the ground surface, in which the main means of protection against falling from a height is a safety belt, are considered climbing. When performing work at height, it is necessary to securely carabiner for an all-welded structure. Lifting parts on a structure or equipment should be done using an "endless" rope. From below, a standing worker must hold the rope to prevent swinging and approaching live parts. Electricians working on portals, supports should use clothing that does not restrict movement. The personal tool must be in the bag. When using ladders, it is necessary to pay attention to their serviceability. Each ladder must be tagged with the number of the ladder and the date of the test. It is forbidden to use stairs without installed inscriptions, uncorrected, extended, knocked down nails. The ladder during operation is installed at an angle of 60º to the horizontal surface. It is forbidden to install ladders on random unstable objects. The top of the ladder is installed on a solid surface. Work while standing at a distance of at least 1 m. From the upper edge of the ladder, the electrician must fasten the carabiner of the safety belt to reliable structural elements, the 2nd member of the team holds the ladder from below. If a ladder breaks down or if a malfunction is detected that prevents safe work on it, such a ladder must be removed from service and the shop manager should be notified. Painting equipment. Before painting, the equipment is cleaned of rust from its surface with metal brushes using goggles. When painting with a spray gun, the possibility of paint getting on current-carrying parts, as well as in the breathing zone of the person working with the spray gun and members of the team, should be excluded. When opening containers with paints, solvents, it is forbidden to smoke, open fire, use a cat tool. may spark on impact. At the time of painting and storage of paintwork materials, it is forbidden to perform welding work. Carry out battery maintenance. Before starting work, the battery room must be ventilated; during work, continuous ventilation must be carried out. When working with acid, it is necessary to wear a coarse-haired suit, rubber boots, a rubber apron, goggles, and rubber gloves. It is forbidden to prepare the electrolyte by pouring water into the acid. It is allowed to add water to the finished electrolyte. Production of operational switches. All operational switching is carried out by order of the energy dispatcher in accordance with the work order and the switching form in compliance with the PBE rules. Operational workers are obliged to conduct rounds and inspections of equipment and production facilities, followed by notification of the senior operational officer. Operational workers are obliged to conduct rounds and inspections of equipment in production premises in the areas assigned to them. During the inspection, it is forbidden to open the doors of rooms, cells that are not equipped with mesh fences or barriers and penetrate into them. During the review, it is forbidden to perform any work. Operational maintenance of electrical installations is allowed for employees who know the operational schemes, job and operational instructions for labor protection and who have undergone training, duplication and testing of knowledge of PBEEP and PTE. Operational employees who have the right to conduct operational negotiations and switching are determined by the person responsible for electrical facilities. During the inspection, it is forbidden to open the doors of rooms, cells that are not equipped with mesh fences or barriers and penetrate them. During the inspection it is forbidden to perform any work. For operational maintenance of electrical installations, they must have an electrical safety group in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V and in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V. The list of employees who have the right to conduct operational negotiations and switching is determined by the person responsible for the electrical facilities, approved by the head and agreed with the State Supervision Service for Labor Protection. Conducting equipment tests. Measurements. Conducting electrical tests and measurements is carried out by teams of at least 2 people, of which the work manager must have group IV, and the rest - group III. Testing can only be performed by employees who have undergone special training and tested their knowledge of test schemes and rules and who have practical experience in testing in the conditions of existing electrical installations during the internship period for at least 1 month under the supervision of an experienced worker with group III. Tests in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V are carried out according to order. Tests of electric motors with voltages above 1000 V, from which the supply cables are disconnected and their ends are earthed, can be carried out by order. When assembling the test circuit, first of all, the protective and working earth of the test setup and, if required, the protective earth of the case of the equipment under test are made. The cross section of the copper wire used in the test circuits for grounding must be at least 4 mm² It is forbidden from the moment of entering the test facility to enter and leave it, to be on the equipment under test, and also to touch the body of the test facility while standing on the ground. During the equipment under test, they are considered to be energized. Measurements with a manometer are allowed to be carried out by trained electrical workers. In installations with voltages above 1000 V, measurements are taken along by two persons, one of whom has group IV. In installations with voltages up to 1000 V, measurements are carried out by order of two persons, one of whom must have group III. When working with a megohmmeter, it is forbidden to touch the current-carrying parts to which it is attached. After the end of work, it is necessary to remove the residual charge from the current-carrying parts by short-term short circuit. Measurements with electrical clamps and measuring rods in installations above 1000 V must be carried out by two people: one with group IV, the other with group III. Measurements in electrical installations above 1000 V should be carried out in dielectric gloves and galoshes, in goggles. Ticks must be kept on weight. It is forbidden to bend down to the ammeter when reading the readings. Measurement in electrical installations above 1000 V should be carried out in dielectric gloves and galoshes, in goggles. Ticks must be kept on weight. It is forbidden to carry out work with measuring rods in mud, fog, rain or wet snow. Remedies. Means of protection according to the nature of their application are divided into means of collective protection. Personal protective equipment includes:
The main electrical protective equipment for working in electrical installations above 1000 V includes insulating rods, clamps, voltage indicators. Additional electrical protective equipment in electrical installations above 1000 V include: dielectric gloves, boots, carpets, coasters. The main electrical protective equipment in electrical installations up to 1000 V include: insulating rods, pliers, voltage indicators, dielectric gloves, plumbing and assembly tools with insulating handles. Electrical protective equipment should be used for its intended purpose in electrical installations with a voltage not higher than that for which they are designed. The main protective equipment is used in closed electrical installations, and in open installations only in dry weather. Before using protective equipment, personnel must check its serviceability, the absence of external damage, clean it and wipe it off dust, and check the expiration date on the stamp. It is forbidden to use protective equipment whose expiration date has expired. 4. Labor protection requirements at the end of work After the complete completion of the work, the workplace is put in order, taken by the responsible manager. If the responsible manager has not been appointed, then the order for the operational personnel is handed over by the work foreman. The outfit can be closed only after inspecting the equipment and the place of work, checking the absence of people, foreign objects, tools and proper cleanliness. Closing of the order is carried out after the following are sequentially performed:
It is possible to turn on the electrical installation only after obtaining the permission of the employee who gave permission for the preparation of the workplace and the admission of the brigade or replaced him. 5. Safety requirements in emergency situations If defects are found in the electrical installation (sparking, overheating of contacts, cable damage, etc.), it is necessary to inform the traction substation duty officer, electrician, shop manager. Recovery work in emergency cases, as well as short-term urgent work to eliminate such equipment malfunctions that can lead to an accident, is allowed to be performed by a detailed order of the energy dispatcher by a team consisting of operational and maintenance personnel. For the safety of work, all technical and organizational measures to ensure the safety of work must be carried out. If a broken wire is found, it is necessary to organize protection of the damage site or install warning signs and inform the traction substation duty officer, energy dispatcher. It is necessary to turn off the electrical installation:
To release the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to immediately turn off the electrical installation. At the same time, if the victim is at a height, measures must be taken to ensure the safety of the victim's fall. To separate the victim from current-carrying parts with voltage up to 1000 V, dry clothing, a rope or other non-conductive object should be used. To separate the victim from live parts with voltages above 1000 V, you should wear dielectric gloves, boots and use insulating pliers and rods designed for the voltage of this installation. If it is not possible to quickly turn off the electrical installation, it is necessary to resort to the creation of a circuit by means of a "surge". To do this, the wire must be connected to the ground, and then thrown over the current-carrying parts. When a person gets under voltage, it is of great importance to quickly release the victim from the action of electric current and the correct provision of first aid before the arrival of a doctor. See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health
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