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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instruction on labor protection for an employee of oil products supply enterprises. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection 1. General safety requirements 1.1. At oil product supply enterprises, operations are carried out for the storage, release and reception of petroleum products, many of which are toxic, evaporate well, are capable of electrifying, fire and explosion hazard. When working in the industry, the following main hazards are possible:
1.2. All employees of the enterprise are required to undergo preliminary medical examinations upon admission to work and periodic medical examinations. 1.3. All applicants to the enterprise undergo an initial safety briefing and can be allowed to work independently after practical training in safe working methods and internships at the workplace. All employees must undergo re-instruction (once every six months - for workers and at least once a year - for employees). The acquired knowledge is checked by the commission with the issuance of appropriate certificates. 1.4. Each employee of the enterprise is obliged:
1.5. For non-compliance with the requirements of this instruction and other labor protection instructions corresponding to the work performed, all employees bear administrative, material or criminal liability in accordance with the established procedure. 2. Safety requirements on the territory of the enterprise and in production premises 2.1. Entry to and exit from the facility is permitted only through the gate. 2.2. Walking on the territory of the enterprise is allowed only along sidewalks and footpaths, and where they are not - along the side of the road or along the edge of the left side of the carriageway, towards moving vehicles. 2.3. It is only possible to cross the pipelines by means of bridges. 2.4. It is necessary to cross railway tracks and roads in the designated places, making sure that there is no approaching train or vehicle. 2.5. It is forbidden to pass between the uncoupled railway cars, under the cars, to ride on the steps of the cars, to walk along the railway tracks. 2.6. Parked vehicles should be bypassed from behind. 2.7. It is forbidden to drive vehicles that are not equipped for the transport of people. 2.8. The territory of the enterprise, tank farm, pumping, auxiliary shops, buildings and structures, as well as roads, driveways and passages must be kept clean. Clogging of the territory and accumulation of various oil products and water on it is not allowed. In the summer, the grass must be mowed and taken out of the territory in its raw form. 2.9. In the event of an oil spill, the spill site should be covered with sand and then removed to a safe place. If necessary, remove oil-contaminated soil. In rooms where leaded gasoline has been spilled, degassing is carried out with dichloramine (3% solution in water) or bleach in the form of a slurry (one part of dry bleach to two to five parts of water). To avoid ignition, degassing with dry bleach is prohibited. 2.10. Cleaning of production premises should be carried out at least once a shift. It is forbidden to use combustible and flammable liquids for washing floors and walls. 2.11. Passages, exits, corridors, vestibules, stairwells, emergency exits should not be cluttered with any objects, materials, equipment. It is forbidden to arrange pantries, workshops, etc. under the flights of staircases. 2.12. Trays, channels of industrial premises must be covered with easily removable fire-resistant plates. 2.13. On the territory of the enterprise it is forbidden to use sources of open fire for lighting, warming frozen sections of pipelines, etc. 2.14. Smoking on the territory and in the production premises of the enterprise is prohibited, except for specially designated places for this (in agreement with the fire department), where the inscriptions "Smoking area" are posted. 2.15. Entrances to fire hydrants and other sources of water supply must always be free for the unhindered passage of fire trucks. 2.16. In winter you need:
2.17. Each employee who finds a well on the territory of the enterprise that is not covered with a lid, the absence of a trench or pit fencing, an oil product leak, a fire or another kind of emergency, must immediately inform the management of the enterprise, workshop or security worker about this. 2.18. Each production facility must be equipped with a first aid kit with a set of medicines in accordance with current regulations. 3. Safety requirements when performing work 3.1. Every employee must follow safe work practices. 3.2. If any danger to yourself or another employee is detected, it is necessary, taking precautions, to eliminate this danger and report this to your immediate supervisor. 3.3. Workers engaged in the conduct of the technological process must:
3.4. When servicing equipment and carrying out repairs, it is prohibited:
3.5. Oiled cleaning material is stored in a tightly closed metal container. As the used cleaning materials accumulate, but at least once per shift, the container must be emptied in specially designated places. 3.6. Employees are prohibited from:
3.7. Work in explosive industries is only allowed to be carried out using a tool that excludes sparking upon impact. 3.8. Work in places where there is or may arise an increased occupational hazard is allowed to be carried out only after the obligatory execution in accordance with the established procedure of a work permit for the performance of work of increased danger, in strict accordance with special instructions. The list of such works, as well as the lists of positions of specialists who have the right to issue work permits and supervise these works, are approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise. 3.9. For lifting and moving loads, installation and dismantling of process equipment, fittings, as well as for their repair, it is necessary to use lifting and transport mechanisms. 3.10. Work at height should be carried out from scaffolding, scaffolds, platforms, telescopic towers, suspended cradles with winches, as well as from step ladders, auxiliary devices and devices that ensure the safety of work. 3.11. Workers working at height should use special boxes and bags to carry and store tools, materials and other small parts. When working at height, working tools and materials must not be folded at the edge of the platform or thrown down. 3.12. Percussion, pressure, cutting tools (hammers, sledgehammers, axes, chisels, chisels, etc.) must be used to work with securely fastened handles. 3.13. The wrench must match the dimensions of the nut or bolt head. It is forbidden to install a backing key in the throat and increase the wrench with other objects. 3.14. Excavation work on the territory of the enterprise is allowed to be carried out only with a work permit. 3.15. Excavation work in the zone of existing underground utilities should be carried out under the direct supervision of a foreman or foreman, and in the security zone of live cables or an existing gas pipeline, in addition, under the supervision of workers in the electric or gas sector. Before admitting workers into pits or trenches with a depth of more than 1,3 m, the stability of slopes or wall fastenings must be checked. 3.16. To protect workers from the impact of harmful production factors, they are given overalls and safety shoes. 3.17. When working in conditions of high content of harmful vapors and gases, employees are provided with:
3.18. If during the performance of work it is possible for individual particles of metal, dust, splashes, aggressive substances, sparks to get into the eyes, workers should use goggles or shields. 3.19. Fire safety and safety requirements for the maintenance of tank farm vehicles must be carried out in accordance with the technical documentation and labor protection instructions for the operation and repair of vehicles. 3.20. Specially trained personnel with the appropriate qualifications and an electrical safety group are allowed to work on electrical installations. When working on electrical installations, it is necessary to use dielectric gloves, boots, rubber mats and other means provided for by electrical safety rules. 3.21. In the performance of work related to the receipt, storage and distribution of leaded gasoline, the requirements of the labor protection instructions for working with leaded gasoline must be met. 4. Industrial sanitation and personal hygiene 4.1. Oil, oil products and their vapors are harmful substances and can lead to acute or chronic poisoning and occupational diseases. 4.2. In order to protect health, employees must comply with the rules of industrial sanitation, personal hygiene and undergo medical examinations and examinations on time. 4.3. It is necessary to prevent gas pollution and dust in the workplace, monitor the uninterrupted operation of the supply and exhaust ventilation, the tightness of containers and equipment; Accidentally spilled oil products must be removed immediately. 4.4. When working with substances that irritate the skin of the hands, you should use protective gloves, preventive pastes and ointments, as well as flushing and disinfecting agents. 4.5. Overalls must be kept clean and in good condition, timely handed over for washing, dry cleaning and repair. 4.6. Laundry or dry cleaning of overalls should be organized by the administration of the enterprise. Washing overalls with flammable and combustible liquids is prohibited. 4.7. After finishing work, you should take a shower, change clothes, leave overalls and safety shoes in an individual closet. It is prohibited to store protective clothing at the workplace. 4.8. The use of solvents for washing hands is prohibited. 4.9. Meals should be taken only in the dining room, buffet or in a specially designated place for this. Be sure to wash your hands with warm water and soap before eating. 4.10. For drinking, use water from drinking tanks, fountains and soda water machines. 5. Fire safety, safety requirements in emergency situations 5.1. Production and auxiliary facilities (premises, structures, equipment, etc.) must be provided with primary fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with applicable standards. The use of primary fire extinguishing equipment for other purposes is prohibited. 5.2. The service personnel of production facilities, when accepting and handing over a shift, must check the availability and serviceability of fire fighting equipment and record the results in the shift log. 5.3. The employee is obliged to report to his/her immediate management about each case of injury, poisoning and burns received personally or by other employees, as well as about a fire, "pop" (explosive ignition of combustible vapors and gases), an emergency. 5.4. The employee must know telephone numbers and other means of emergency communication, be able to use them and immediately make a call:
5.5. Prior to the arrival of the relevant services, workers must urgently take measures to eliminate the fire or accident and provide assistance to the victim. 5.6. In the event of an accident, you should:
5.7. Extinguishing fires must be carried out with fire extinguishing equipment available on the site. 6. Brief rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment 6.1. Foam extinguishers Designed to extinguish various substances and materials, with the exception of energized electrical installations. To actuate the chemical-foam fire extinguisher OHP-10 (Fig. 1), it is necessary to clean the spray (5) with a needle (3), turn the handle (180) up 2 ° until it stops, turn the fire extinguisher over with the cover (6) down and direct the jet foam on the fire. Chemical-foam fire extinguisher OHP-10:
6.2. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers Designed to extinguish fires of various substances, with the exception of those that burn without air, as well as electrical installations energized up to 380 V. To actuate carbon dioxide fire extinguishers OU-2, OU-5, OU-8 (Fig. 2), it is necessary to point the socket (4) at the burning object, turn the handwheel (3) of the valve (2) to the left until it stops. Turning over the fire extinguisher is not required; keep as vertical as possible. To avoid frostbite, do not touch the metal part of the socket with bare parts of the body. Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher OU-2:
6.3. Powder extinguishers Designed to extinguish oil products, electrical installations under voltage up to 1000 V, valuable materials and fires in motor vehicles. To actuate the powder fire extinguisher OP-10 (Fig. 3), it is necessary to press the trigger lever (3) and direct the powder jet to the combustion source through the ejection nozzle (4). Powder fire extinguisher OP-10:
6.4. Domestic fire hydrants Designed to extinguish solid combustible materials and combustible liquids with water and to cool nearby tanks. The internal fire hydrant is put into operation by two workers. One lays the hose and keeps the fire hose ready to supply water to the combustion center, the second checks the connection of the fire hose to the fitting of the internal tap and opens the valve for water to enter the fire hose. 6.5. Asbestos cloth, felt (felt) It is used to extinguish small fires of any substances. The combustion center is covered with asbestos or felt cloth in order to stop air from accessing it. 6.6. Sand It is used to mechanically knock down a flame and isolate a burning or smoldering material from the surrounding air. Sand is fed into the fire with a shovel or shovel. 7. Measures of first (pre-medical) aid in case of accidents 7.1. Each employee of the enterprise must be able to provide first aid to victims of poisoning with harmful vapors and gases, electric shock, burns, injuries and other accidents. Before proceeding with the provision of first aid, it is necessary to eliminate the causes that caused the serious condition of the victim (in case of gas or vapor poisoning, remove the victim from the gassed area; in case of electric shock, release from contact with the current-carrying part, etc.). 7.2. First aid for loss of consciousness In case of loss of consciousness, it is necessary for the victim to provide an influx of fresh air, remove everything in clothing that can hamper or impede free breathing (unfasten the collar, belt, etc.), sprinkle the face with water, give ammonia to sniff. If there is no breathing, start artificial respiration immediately. 7.3. First aid for poisoning If an employee in the room feels general weakness, dizziness, then it is necessary to take him to fresh air. If the condition worsens (vomiting, severe headaches), it is necessary to call an ambulance. 7.4. First aid for burns There are burns of four degrees. First-degree burns (lungs) are characterized by redness and soreness of the skin. For moderate and severe burns (2, 3, 4 degrees), apply a sterile bandage to the burn site and send the victim to a medical facility. 7.5. First aid for chemical burns In case of burns with strong acids, caustic alkalis and other aggressive substances, it is necessary to quickly rinse the affected area with a strong stream of water from the tap for 10-15 minutes and send the victim to a medical facility. If acid or alkali gets into the eyes, rinse them with plenty of water and call an ambulance. 7.6. First aid for frostbite Frostbite can be caused by low ambient temperature, the ingress of liquefied hydrocarbon gases on the open parts of the worker's body. If the victim received frostbite under the influence of low temperature, then it is necessary to rub the frostbitten parts of the body with a dry woolen cloth, glove, mitten, etc. until redness. After that, lubricate the frostbitten place with anti-burn ointment. If liquefied hydrocarbon gases (propane, butane, etc.) get on the body, it is necessary to wash the frostbitten area with a plentiful stream of water and lubricate with anti-burn ointment. If blisters form, apply a sterile bandage and send the victim to a medical facility. 7.7. First aid for electric shock Electrical current can cause thermal burns, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest, and in some cases, instant death. The first emergency measure in case of electric shock is the immediate release of the victim from the action of the current (turn off the breaker, unscrew the electrical plugs, etc.). If it is impossible to quickly turn off the current, the victim must be separated from the current-carrying parts with the help of objects that do not conduct current (dry wooden board, etc.). After the release of the victim from the action of electric current, you should immediately begin to provide first aid. Actions for burns and loss of consciousness are described above. In the event of respiratory arrest, simultaneous artificial respiration and chest compressions should be started before the arrival of an ambulance. 7.8. First aid for wounds, fractures, dislocations and bruises In case of injuries, the main task of the first aid provider is to protect the affected area from contamination. To provide first aid, it is necessary to open an individual package, which should be in the first aid kit, and bandage the wound. At the same time, it is impossible to touch with your hands that part of the sterile material that will be applied to the wound. In case of bleeding, it is necessary to stop the blood by lifting the wounded limb up and closing the bleeding wound with a dressing from an individual bag. Having folded the material in a lump, press it against the wound and hold it for 4-5 minutes, then bandage it on top and send the victim to the first-aid post. If the bleeding does not stop with a tight bandage, then it is necessary to apply a tourniquet, and in its absence, a twist from improvised material (a twisted scarf, towel, etc.) (Fig. 4). The tourniquet is applied above the site of bleeding, closer to the wound, on clothing or a soft bandage lining so as not to pinch the skin. To avoid necrosis of the limb, do not leave the tourniquet in place for more than 2 hours. After applying the tourniquet, the victim must be immediately sent to the first-aid post.
In case of bleeding from the artery of the head or when there is absolutely nothing to make a tourniquet from, you need to press the artery above the injury site to the bone and immediately transport the victim to the first-aid post. In cases where a tourniquet cannot be applied (for bleeding on the head, neck, chest, abdomen), a pressure bandage is used. In case of fractures, it is necessary to create complete rest of the damaged part of the body and exercise extreme caution when carrying the victim. First of all, the location of the fracture should be determined. At the same time, do not allow movement of the injured limb or body part, since the sharp ends of the bone can injure the surrounding tissues, muscles, skin, and cause bleeding. It is necessary to apply a fixed bandage - a splint - to the damaged part of the body. If there are no special tires, then you can use the suitable material at hand (board, sticks, etc.). Tires are applied in such a way that they capture at least two joints, between which there is a fracture. Under the tires you need to put soft material - cotton wool, a towel, etc. (Fig. 5 and 6).
In case of a skull fracture, lay the victim on a stretcher in such a way that the head is slightly raised, two rollers are placed on its sides. Put cold on your head. In case of spinal fractures, carefully place the victim on a stretcher with his stomach down and send to the first-aid post. The stretcher must be solid, for which a wide board should be placed below. In case of dislocations, it is necessary to fix the limb in the position it has taken. For example, in case of dislocation of the shoulder, put some soft bundle under the arm, hang the arm; for a dislocated hip, put folded clothing on when the victim is placed on the stretcher. The reduction of dislocation is performed only by a doctor. In case of bruises, cold should be applied to the bruised place, tightly bandaged and sent to the first-aid post. 7.9. Methods of artificial respiration Mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose artificial respiration is the most effective and in many cases acceptable. Artificial respiration is done when the person is not breathing. Quickly open the victim's mouth and, if there is liquid, mucus, remove them with a handkerchief, gauze. Remove also removable dentures (Fig. 7).
Putting a person on his back and unbuttoning his clothes, tilt his head as far as possible so that the tongue does not block the entrance to the larynx (Fig. 8).
After closing the victim's nostrils, inhale deeply, press your mouth tightly against his open mouth (through a handkerchief) and forcefully blow in until the victim's chest begins to rise (Fig. 9).
After exhaling all your air supply, take a deep breath. At this time, the victim passively exhales. The mouth-to-nose method should be used for injuries to the lower jaw or when the jaws are tightly clenched. The caregiver produces 12-15 breaths per minute. 7.10. Indirect (external) masses of the heart In the absence of a pulse in the victim, an indirect heart massage is performed simultaneously with artificial respiration. To do this, the victim must be laid on a hard surface. The caregiver stands to the right or left of the victim and, putting his hands one on top of the other on the lower part of the chest, vigorously produces rhythmic pressure on the chest (the frequency of pressure is 50-60 times per minute, the depth of pressure is 3-4 cm). It is necessary to adhere to the following alternation of massage and artificial respiration: a) in the presence of an assistant - every 4-6 pressures on the chest, the assistant blows air; b) in the absence of an assistant - after 15-29 pressures for the purpose of heart massage, produce 2-3 blows. Artificial respiration and heart massage should be carried out until the complete restoration of respiratory and cardiac activity or until the doctor's decision about the onset of death.
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