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Occupational safety instructions for electricians servicing hydraulic units in the machine room. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. The instruction on labor protection is a document that establishes requirements for the safe performance of work for employees.

1.2. Knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection is mandatory for all employees.

1.3. The head of the structural unit is obliged to create conditions at the workplace that meet the requirements of labor protection, provide employees with protective equipment and organize their study of this Instruction.

Each enterprise must develop and communicate to all personnel safe routes through the territory of the enterprise to the place of work and evacuation plans in case of fire and emergency.

1.4. Each employee must:

• comply with the requirements of this Instruction;
• immediately report to your immediate supervisor, and in his absence, to a higher manager about the accident that has occurred and about all violations of the Instructions he has noticed, as well as about malfunctions of structures, equipment and protective devices;
• keep the workplace and equipment clean and tidy;
• ensure the safety of protective equipment, tools, devices, fire extinguishing equipment and documentation on labor protection at their workplace.

For violation of the requirements of the Instruction, the employee is liable in accordance with applicable law.

2. General safety requirements

2.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a preliminary medical examination and have no contraindications to perform this work are allowed to work in this profession.

2.2. An employee undergoes an introductory briefing upon hiring. Before admission to independent work, he must pass:

• training in professional training programs;
• initial briefing at the workplace;
• test of knowledge of instructions:
• on labor protection;
• to provide first aid to victims of accidents at work;
• on the use of protective equipment necessary for the safe performance of work;
• on fire safety.

For employees who have the right to prepare a workplace, admission, the right to be a work supervisor, an observer and a team member, it is necessary to check the knowledge of the Intersectoral labor protection rules (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) to the extent corresponding to the duties of responsible persons for labor protection .

2.3. Admission to independent work is issued by an appropriate order for the structural unit of the enterprise.

2.4. A newly hired employee is issued a qualification certificate, in which an appropriate entry must be made about checking knowledge of the instructions and rules specified in clause 2.2, and about the right to perform special work.

The qualification certificate for on-duty personnel during the performance of official duties may be kept by the shop shift supervisor or with him in accordance with local conditions.

2.5. Employees who have not passed the knowledge test within the established time limits are not allowed to work independently.

2.6. The employee in the process of work must pass:

• repeated briefings - at least once a quarter;
• verification of knowledge of the instructions for labor protection and the current instructions for providing first aid to victims of accidents at work - once a year;
• medical examination - once every two years;
• checking the knowledge of the Rules for employees who have the right to prepare a workplace, admission, the right to be a foreman, supervisor or team member - once a year.

2.7. Employees who have received an unsatisfactory mark during a qualification test are not allowed to work independently and must undergo a second test no later than one month.

In case of violation of labor protection rules, depending on the nature of the violation, an unscheduled briefing or an extraordinary knowledge test is carried out.

2.8. The victim or eyewitness must immediately notify his/her immediate supervisor of each accident or accident.

2.9. Each employee should know the location of the first aid kit and be able to use it.

2.10. If faulty devices, tools and protective equipment are found, the employee must inform his/her immediate supervisor about this.

It is not allowed to work with faulty devices, tools and protective equipment.

To avoid electric shock, do not touch or step on broken overhanging wires.

2.11. In electrical installations, people, mechanisms and hoisting machines are not allowed to approach energized, unprotected live parts at distances less than those indicated in Table 1.

Table 1. Permissible distances to live parts under voltage

* Constant current.

2.12. It is not allowed to clutter up approaches to shields with fire-fighting equipment and to fire hydrants, as well as to use fire-fighting equipment for other purposes.

2.13. The following hazardous and harmful production factors may occur at the workplace of an electrician:

• increased value of the voltage of the electrical circuit;
• rotating machines and mechanisms;
• work at height;
• exposure to chemicals;
• increased noise and vibration levels.

2.14. To protect against exposure to hazardous and harmful factors, the following protective equipment must be used.

To protect against electric shock, it is necessary to use electrical protective equipment: dielectric gloves, galoshes, carpets, coasters, voltage indicators, metalwork and assembly tools with insulating handles, protective grounding.

When working with flammable substances, fire safety measures must be observed: do not smoke, do not use open flames, tools that can produce a spark, and power tools.

To protect against chemical production factors, it is necessary to use overalls made of acid-protective fabric, rubber acid-alkali-resistant gloves, protective sealed goggles, filtering gas masks, and respirators.

When servicing rotating machinery, there should be no flying parts of clothing that can be caught in the moving parts of the machinery.

If the noise level is high, earmuffs or earplugs should be used.

When working at a height of more than 1,3 m above the ground, floor, platform, it is necessary to use a safety belt.

When staying in rooms with operating power equipment, as well as in tunnels and wells, it is necessary to wear a protective helmet fastened with a chin strap.

2.15. The electrician must work in overalls and use other protective equipment issued in accordance with applicable industry standards.

2.16. The electrician must be issued the following personal protective equipment free of charge:

• semi-overalls or cotton suit - for 1 year;
• combined individual mittens - for 3 months;
• dielectric galoshes - on duty;
• dielectric gloves - on duty;
• protective helmet - for 2 years.

When issuing a double replaceable set of overalls, the wear period is doubled.

Depending on the nature of the work and the conditions of its production, the electrician is temporarily provided with additional protective clothing and protective equipment for these conditions free of charge.

3. Safety requirements before starting work

3.1. Before accepting a shift, the electrician:

• tidies up the uniform. Sleeves and floors of overalls should be fastened with all buttons, hair should be removed under a helmet. Clothing must be tucked in so that there are no hanging ends or fluttering parts. Shoes should be closed and low heels. It is not allowed to roll up the sleeves of overalls;
• bypasses the serviced equipment along a certain route, checks the safe condition of the equipment;
• checks at the workplace for the presence and serviceability of alarms, tools, protective equipment, an electric torch, fire extinguishing equipment, posters or safety signs;
• receives information from the electrician handing over the shift about all deviations from the normal mode in the operation of the equipment, its defects, work performed and tests, the number of teams working on orders and orders;
• reports on comments and violations and readiness to receive a shift to higher duty personnel, signs in the operational log and operational scheme.

3.2. It is necessary to check the serviceability and suitability of protective equipment and devices:

• for the absence of external damage (integrity of the varnish coating of insulating protective equipment; absence of punctures, cracks, breaks in dielectric gloves and boots);
• the date of the next test (the expiration date is determined by the stamp).

The serviceability of a voltage indicator above 1000 V can be checked with a special device or at a known electrical installation.

3.3. It is necessary to check the availability and serviceability of the tool, which must meet the following requirements:

• handles of pliers, needle nose pliers and wire cutters must have protective insulation;
• the working part of the screwdriver must be properly sharpened, an insulating tube is put on the rod, leaving only the working part of the screwdriver open;
• wrenches should have parallel jaws, their working surfaces should not have knocked down bevels, and handles should not have burrs;
• the hammer handle should be oval in shape along its entire length, not have knots and cracks, and be firmly fixed in the tool.

3.4. The working tool should be stored in a portable tool box or fitter's bag.

3.5. Only factory-made portable lamps should be used. A hand-held portable lamp should have a metal mesh, a hanging hook and a hose wire with a plug.

3.6. When working at height using a portable wooden ladder, you must make sure that it is in good condition. At the lower ends of the ladder there should be shackles with sharp tips for installation on the ground, and when using the ladder on smooth surfaces, they should be put on shoes made of rubber or other non-slip material.

3.7. Protective equipment, devices, tools and devices with defects or expired testing must be removed and reported to your immediate supervisor.

4. Safety requirements during work

4.1. When performing work, it is not allowed to approach unshielded live parts under voltage at distances less than those indicated in Table 1 (clause 2.11).

When working with the use of electrical protective equipment (insulating rods, clamps, voltage indicators, etc.), a person is allowed to approach live parts at a distance determined by the length of the insulating part of these equipment.

4.2. Inspection of the serviced equipment is carried out according to the established route.

4.3. The electrician carries out rounds and inspections of equipment, as well as the performance of current work, with the knowledge and permission of the higher duty personnel.

4.4. During inspections, it is not allowed to switch, remove posters and fences, penetrate them, perform any work or cleaning.

4.5. If it is necessary to perform operational work on live parts under voltage, it is necessary:

• to protect other current-carrying parts located near the workplace, under voltage, to which accidental contact is possible;
• work in dielectric galoshes or standing on an insulating stand or on a dielectric carpet;
• use a tool with insulating handles (screwdrivers must have an insulated shaft), in the absence of such a tool, dielectric gloves should be used.

4.6. During the production of operational switching, inspection of electrical installations, performance of maintenance work, it is necessary to use protective equipment.

4.7. In electrical installations with a voltage higher than 1000 V, during inspection, it is not allowed to enter rooms, chambers that are not equipped with fences or barriers, as well as open the doors of fences and penetrate fences and barriers.

In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, during inspection, if necessary, it is allowed to open the doors of switchboards, assemblies, control panels and other devices.

4.8. In the event of smoke or fire, increased crackling, increased noise in the switchgear cells, it is not allowed to approach these cells. This must be reported to the higher duty personnel.

4.9. Inspection of the cold air chamber of a running generator is allowed to be carried out by two people.

Inspection of the thrust bearing chamber on a running generator is allowed with the permission of the head of the workshop, and in his absence - with the permission of the head of the station shift.

4.10. Inspection of the cold air chamber and the thrust bearing chamber must be carried out in compliance with the following safety measures:

• with working and emergency lighting on;
• with open doors to the cells;
• do not climb the corrugated floor of the thrust bearing alone;
• one of the examiners should be at the entrance to the cold air chamber.

4.11. Switching is not allowed if its purpose and sequence of operations are not clear.

4.12. It is not allowed to work on portable ladders and ladders if it is required:

• use portable power tools;
• support heavy objects.

4.13. In the event of a ground fault in electrical installations of 6-35 kV, approaching the detected fault location at a distance of less than 4 m in indoor switchgear (ZRU) and less than 8 m in open switchgear (ODG) is allowed only for the production of operational switching and the release of people who have fallen under voltage. In this case, you should use electrical protective equipment (dielectric boots, galoshes, dielectric gloves and an insulating rod).

4.14. To eliminate errors and ensure the safety of operations, before making switches, it is necessary to inspect the electrical installations on which operations are expected, check their compliance with the issued task and serviceability, and familiarize yourself with the diagram.

Only after making sure that the selected connection and switching device are correct, it is possible to make changes.

4.15. It is necessary to turn off and on disconnectors, separators and switches with voltage above 1000 V with a manual drive in dielectric gloves.

4.16. Before turning on or off the disconnectors (separators), they are visually inspected. Disconnectors, drive and interlocks must not be damaged to prevent operation.

4.17. The disconnectors are switched on by hand drive quickly, but without impact at the end of the stroke. When an arc appears, the knives should not be retracted, as if the contacts diverge, the arc may lengthen and cause a short circuit. The closing operation must in all cases continue to the end.

4.18. Disconnecting disconnectors should be done slowly and carefully. First, a test movement is made with the drive lever in order to make sure that the rods are in good condition, that there are no swings and breakages of the insulators.

If at the moment of divergence of contacts between them there is a strong arc, the disconnectors must be immediately turned on and until the reasons for the formation of the arc are clarified, operations with them should not be performed, except in cases where the magnetizing and charging currents are turned off. Operations in these cases must be carried out quickly to ensure that the arc on the contacts is extinguished.

4.19. To prevent incorrect operations with disconnectors, separators, withdrawable trolleys of complete switchgear (KRU) and with grounding knives of switchgear (RU) of stations, they must be equipped with interlocks.

4.20. If the knives of the knife switch (disconnector) are not turned on, it is not allowed to knock out knives and sponges under voltage.

4.21. Operational personnel directly performing switching operations are not allowed to disable the safety interlocks without permission.

4.22. Unblocking of the drives of switching devices is carried out only with the permission and under the guidance of persons authorized to do so by a written instruction for the enterprise, after checking the correctness of the previously performed switching, checking the condition of the switching devices and finding out the cause of blocking failure.

The release is recorded in the operational log.

4.23. If there are no blocking devices in the electrical installation or if the blocking is faulty at least on one connection, as well as in case of complex switching, regardless of the state of the blocking devices, operational switching is carried out according to the switching forms. The list of complex switching is determined by local regulations.

4.24. In electrical installations, work in a bent position is not allowed if, when straightening, the distance to live parts is less than that indicated in the table. When working near unshielded current-carrying parts, you must not position yourself so that these parts are at the back or on both sides.

4.25. It is unacceptable to touch, without the use of electrical protective equipment, the insulators of live equipment.

4.26. It is necessary to remove and install fuses when the voltage is off. Under voltage, but without load and in the absence of a short circuit, it is allowed to remove and install fuses on connections in the circuit of which there are no switching devices that allow you to turn off the voltage.

Voltage transformer fuses can be replaced under voltage and under load.

4.27. When removing and installing fuses under voltage, you must use the following protective equipment:

• in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V - insulating pliers or dielectric gloves and goggles;
• in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V - insulating tongs (rod) using dielectric gloves and goggles.

4.28. It is not allowed to use uncalibrated fuses and fuses.

4.29. Replacement of lighting lamps in the switchgear and battery rooms is allowed to be carried out individually.

It is not allowed to single-handedly change lamps from ladders.

4.30. It is necessary to work with electrical clamps in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V together with dielectric gloves, without leaning towards the device to take readings.

4.31. In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V with electrical clamps, the electrician can work alone without dielectric gloves.

4.32. In electrical installations, it is necessary to check the absence of voltage with a serviceable voltage indicator. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, it is necessary to use a voltage indicator with dielectric gloves.

4.33. In electrical installations with a voltage of 0,4 kV, it is allowed to check the absence of voltage with a previously checked voltmeter.

4.34. In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, it is not allowed to use "control" lamps to check the absence of voltage due to the risk of injury from an electric arc and glass fragments.

4.35. Operations for applying and removing portable grounding should be carried out with dielectric gloves, in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V - using an insulating rod.

4.36. Insulation resistance measurement with a megaohmmeter must be performed with the equipment turned off after removing the residual charge by grounding the equipment.

Connecting wires from a megohmmeter should be connected to live parts using insulating holders (rods), and in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, using dielectric gloves.

The electrician can measure the insulation resistance alone.

4.37. During work it is not allowed:

• make any switching of equipment without notifying the senior duty personnel, except for cases that threaten the health or life of people, as well as equipment accidents;
• work on stationary equipment located at a height of more than 1,3 m from the floor level (working platform), without the presence of stationary platforms with fences and stairs:
• work on rotating equipment that does not have a protective fence;
• turn on electrical equipment with a voltage above 36 V without protective grounding, and in high-risk or especially dangerous rooms - without the presence of dielectric mats, and in damp rooms - insulating supports;
• lean and stand on platform barriers, railings, protective covers of couplings and bearings, walk along pipelines, as well as structures and ceilings that are not intended for passage through them and do not have special handrails and fences;
• remove guards from mechanisms, as well as carry out any repairs;
• to wipe the outer surface of working rotating mechanisms, wrap cleaning material around hands or fingers, use combustible substances to clean equipment;
• be in the area of ​​operation of cranes and other lifting mechanisms.

4.38. When starting rotating machinery, keep a safe distance from them.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In the event of an emergency (accident, fire, natural disaster), immediately stop work and report the situation to higher operational personnel.

5.2. In cases of urgency, perform the necessary switching with subsequent notification of higher operational personnel.

5.3. In the event of a fire:

5.3.1. Notify all workers in the production area and take measures to extinguish the fire. Burning parts of electrical installations and electrical wiring under voltage should be extinguished with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

5.3.2. Take measures to call your immediate supervisor or other officials to the scene of the fire.

5.3.3. According to the operational situation, the local operational fire fighting plan should be acted upon.

5.4. In the event of an accident, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the impact of the traumatic factor, provide him with first (pre-medical) medical care and inform the immediate supervisor about the accident.

When releasing the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to ensure that you yourself do not come into contact with the current-carrying part or under step voltage.

6. Safety requirements at the end of work

6.1. At the end of the shift, you must:

• to inspect the equipment in order to control its condition;
• check the presence and serviceability of permanent and temporary fences, protective equipment, tools, fire extinguishing equipment, keys to electrical installations, lighting of workplaces;
• all tools, fixtures, devices and protective equipment must be put in proper order and placed in special cabinets and on racks;
• to familiarize the shift host with all changes and malfunctions in the operation of the equipment that occurred during the shift, about the equipment that is in reserve and repair, indicate where work is carried out on electrical equipment;
• report on the delivery of the shift to their superior duty personnel and issue the delivery of the shift by hand in the operational journal;
• take off overalls, put them and other personal protective equipment in the work clothes closet;
• wash or take a shower.

7. List of accepted abbreviations

• AGP Field extinguishing machine
• ACS Automated control system
• PBX Automatic telephone exchange
• VL Overhead power line
• VLAN Overhead communication line
• HF communication High-frequency communication
• Main control panel Main control panel
• ZRU Enclosed switchgear
• IC Measuring (test) stand
• CL Cable power line
• KLS Cable communication line
• KRU (KRUN) Complete switchgear of indoor (outdoor) installation
• KTP Complete transformer substation
• MTP Mast transformer substation
• NRP Unattended regeneration point
• NUP Unattended reinforcement point
• OVB Operational Field Brigade
• Outdoor switchgear
• OUP Serviced amplification point
• POR Work Management Design
• PPR Project for the production of works
• PRP HR Rules
• PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations
• RZA Relay protection and automation
• RP Distribution point
• RU Switchgear
• SDTU Dispatch and process control facilities (cable and overhead lines of communication and telemechanics, high-frequency channels, communication and telemechanics devices)
• SMO Construction and installation organization
• SNiP Building codes and regulations
• TAI Devices for thermal automatics, thermal measurements and protection, means of remote control, signaling and technical means of automated control systems
• TP Transformer Substation
• EU Electrolysis Plant

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