Instruction on labor protection for a mechanic for servicing heating networks

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Instruction on labor protection for a mechanic for servicing heating networks

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General provisions

1.1. The instruction on labor protection is the main document that establishes for workers the rules of conduct at work and the requirements for the safe performance of work.

1.2. Knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection is mandatory for workers of all categories and skill groups, as well as their immediate supervisors.

1.3. The administration of the enterprise (workshop) is obliged to create conditions at the workplace that meet the rules for labor protection, provide workers with protective equipment and organize their study of this Instruction on labor protection.

Each enterprise must develop and communicate to all personnel safe routes through the territory of the enterprise to the place of work and evacuation plans in case of fire and emergency.

1.4. Each worker must:

comply with the requirements of this Instruction:
immediately inform your immediate supervisor, and in his absence, a higher supervisor about the accident that has occurred and about all violations of the requirements of the Instruction that he has noticed, as well as about malfunctions of structures, equipment and protective devices;
be aware of personal responsibility for non-compliance with safety requirements;
keep the workplace and equipment clean and tidy;
ensure the safety of protective equipment, tools, devices, fire extinguishing equipment and documentation on labor protection at their workplace.

It is forbidden to carry out orders that contradict the requirements of this Instruction and the "Safety Rules for the Operation of Electrical Installations" (PTB) - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1987.

2. General requirements for labor protection

2.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have passed a preliminary medical examination and who have no contraindications to perform the above work are allowed to work in this working profession.

2.2. A worker must undergo an introductory briefing upon hiring. Prior to being allowed to work independently, a worker must pass:

initial briefing at the workplace;
verification of knowledge of this Instruction on labor protection; the current Instructions for rendering first aid to victims in connection with accidents during the maintenance of power equipment; on the use of protective equipment necessary for the safe performance of work; PTB for workers who have the right to prepare a workplace, carry out admission, be a foreman, observer and member of the team to the extent that corresponds to the duties of responsible PTB persons;
vocational training programs.

2.3. Admission to independent work is issued by an appropriate order for the structural unit of the enterprise.

2.4. A newly hired worker is issued a qualification certificate, in which an appropriate entry must be made about checking knowledge of the instructions and rules specified in clause 2.2, and the right to perform special work.

The qualification certificate for on-duty personnel during the performance of official duties may be kept by the shop shift supervisor or with him in accordance with local conditions.

2.5. Workers who have not passed the knowledge test within the established time limits are not allowed to work independently.

2.6. The worker in the process of work must pass:

repeated briefings - at least once a quarter;
verification of knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection and the current Instructions for providing first aid to victims in connection with accidents during the maintenance of power equipment once a year;
medical examination - once every two years;
checking knowledge on PTB for workers who have the right to prepare a workplace, carry out admission, be a foreman, supervisor or team member - once a year.

2.7. Persons who have received an unsatisfactory mark during the qualification test are not allowed to work independently and must undergo a second test no later than one month.

In case of violation of safety regulations, depending on the nature of the violation, an unscheduled briefing or an extraordinary test of knowledge should be carried out.

2.8. In the event of an accident, the worker is obliged to provide first aid to the victim before the arrival of medical personnel. In case of an accident with the worker himself, depending on the severity of the injury, he must seek medical help at a health center or provide first aid (self-help) to himself.

2.9. Each employee must know the location of the first aid kit and be able to use it.

2.10. Upon detection of faulty devices, tools and protective equipment, the worker informs his immediate supervisor.

It is forbidden to work with faulty devices, tools and protective equipment.

2.11. To avoid electric shock, do not step on or touch broken, hanging wires.

2.12. Failure to comply with the requirements of the Instruction on labor protection for a worker is considered as a violation of production discipline.

For violation of the requirements of the Instructions, the worker is liable in accordance with applicable law.

2.13. The following hazardous and harmful production factors may occur in the service area of heating network equipment:

high humidity;
increased or decreased air temperature of the working area;
the location of the workplace at a considerable height relative to the surface of the earth (floor, flooring); insufficient illumination of the working area;
movement of machines and mechanisms near the workplace;
increased gas contamination and insufficient oxygen content in the air of the working area.

2.14. To protect against exposure to hazardous and harmful factors, the following protective equipment must be used.

When working near moving mechanisms, special care should be taken to be attentive to the signals given by transport drivers.

If it is necessary to be near hot parts of the equipment, measures should be taken to protect against burns and high temperatures (equipment fencing, ventilation, warm overalls).

When performing work in areas with an air temperature above 33 ° C, it is necessary to apply a work regime with time intervals for rest and cooling.

Work in areas with low ambient temperature should be carried out in warm overalls and alternated in time with being warm.

With increased gas content in the air of the working area, it is necessary to work in a gas mask (RPG-67, RU-60m, etc.) or a gas mask.

When in wells, chambers, canals, tunnels and in the repair area, the fitter must wear a protective helmet to protect the head from impacts from random objects and protruding parts.

In case of insufficient illumination of the working area, additional local lighting should be used. When working in heating chambers, portable lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V should be used.

When working at a height of more than 1,3 m above the ground, floor, platform, it is necessary to use a safety belt, if necessary with a safety rope.

2.15. The locksmith must work in overalls and safety shoes and use other protective equipment issued in accordance with current industry standards.

2.16. The following personal protective equipment should be issued to the locksmith free of charge in accordance with industry standards:

cotton suit (for 12 months);
cotton insulated jacket (for 12 months);
warm cotton trousers (for 12 months);
rubber boots (for 12 months);
tarpaulin boots (for 12 months);
mittens combined (for 1 months).

When issuing a double replaceable set of overalls, the wear period should be doubled.

Depending on the nature of the work and the conditions of their production, the locksmith should temporarily be given additional overalls and protective equipment for these conditions free of charge.

3. Labor protection requirements before starting work

3.1. Before starting work, the mechanic must:

arrange the uniform. Sleeves and floors of overalls should be fastened with all buttons, hair should be removed under a headdress. Clothing must be tucked in so that there are no hanging ends or fluttering parts. Shoes should be closed and low heels. It is forbidden to roll up the sleeves of overalls;
check at the workplace the availability and suitability of protective equipment, tools and devices, as well as an electric torch, fire extinguishing equipment, posters or safety signs.

3.2. Tools and fixtures must meet the following requirements:

hammer handles, chisels must be smooth and not cracked. By the free end of the handle should thicken somewhat to avoid slipping out of the hands;
the surfaces of the wrenches should not have knocked down bevels, and the handles should not have burrs;
saw blade (for metal, wood) should not have cracks, bulges, longitudinal waviness, shells from corrosion;
the shovel must have a smooth handle, firmly fixed in the holder and cut obliquely to the plane of the shovel;
impact tools (crosscutters, barbs, notches, cores, etc.) must have a smooth occipital part without cracks, burrs, work hardening and bevels. There should be no damage at the working end;
when working with wedges or a chisel with a sledgehammer, wedge holders with a handle not less than 0,7 m long should be used;
files must have handles with metal rings;
the vise must be firmly fixed on the workbench, have an unfinished notch on the jaws; the moving parts of the vise must move without jamming, jerking and securely fixed in the required position; vise handles and overhead straps should not have nicks and burrs; the vise must have a device that prevents the lead screw from completely unscrewing from the nut;
a hand grinder must have a protective cover, a gasket between the stone and the pressure disk, the stone test mark. The stone must be without cracks, with a diameter corresponding to the number of revolutions of the machine. The air supply hoses in the connections between themselves and with the body of the machine must be fastened with clamps. During operation, you should periodically check the vibration of the machine;
grinding and sharpening machines with a horizontal axis of rotation of the circle, during operation on which the polished products are held by hands, must be equipped with a protective screen with a viewing window. The tilting of the screen must be interlocked with the start of the machine spindle;
for pneumatic tools it is forbidden to use damaged hoses; it is forbidden to fasten hoses with wire; it is necessary to attach hoses to a pneumatic tool and connect them to each other using nipples or fittings and coupling clamps. Attachment points must be airtight. Before connecting the hose to the pneumatic tool, the air line must be blown out, and after the hose is connected to the line, the hose must also be blown out.

It is forbidden to work with a tool, the handles of which are planted on pointed ends (files, scrapers) without metal rings.

3.3. It is forbidden:

take a shift during the liquidation of the accident;
come to work in a state of intoxication or drink alcohol during working hours;
leave the shift without registering the acceptance and delivery of the shift.

4. Labor protection requirements during work

4.1. The locksmith should make rounds and inspections of equipment only with the knowledge of higher operational personnel.

4.2. Walking around the equipment must be carried out by a group of at least two people. When descending into the chamber or performing work in it, the team must consist of at least three people.

When bypassing the heating main, a locksmith, in addition to locksmith tools, must have a key to open the hatch of the chamber, a hook to open the chambers, fences for installing them near open chambers and on the roadway of the street, lighting equipment (battery lights, manual lamps with a voltage of not more than 12 V in an explosion-proof design) and a gas analyzer.

4.3. It is forbidden to jump over or climb over pipelines to shorten the bypass route. Crossing pipelines should only be in places where there are walkways.

4.4. It is forbidden to open and close covers of underground hatches directly with hands, wrenches or other objects not intended for this. The locksmith must open the covers with special hooks, at least 500 mm long.

It is forbidden to leave hatches open after completion of work.

4.5. The locksmith must check the condition of the floors, gratings, pits, site fencing, fixed equipment, the presence of numbers and inscriptions on the equipment and pipeline fittings. If unprotected openings are found, the locksmith on duty must take measures to prevent falling and injuring people (fencing with ropes and posting safety warning signs).

4.6. If equipment defects are found that pose a danger to people and the integrity of the equipment, the mechanic must take measures to immediately turn it off.

4.7. The section of the pipeline to be repaired, in order to prevent steam or hot water from entering it, must be disconnected from the side of both adjacent pipelines and equipment, and drainage and bypass lines. Drainage lines and air vents must be open.

4.8. It is necessary to disconnect pipelines with two valves installed in series. The drainage device between them must be directly connected to the atmosphere. In cases with flangeless fittings, when it is impossible to turn off the pipeline with two valves (60 kgf / cm2), it is allowed to turn off the repaired section with one valve. In this case, there should be no soaring (leakage) through the drainage open for the period of repair in the disconnected area.

4.9. Pipelines shut off for repairs should be depressurized and free of steam and water. From the electric drives of the shut-off fittings - remove the voltage, and from the control circuits of the electric drives - fuses.

All isolation valves must be closed.

Valves for open drains connected directly to the atmosphere must be open. Closed-type drainage valves after draining the pipeline must be closed: there must be a fitting between the shut-off valves and the pipeline that is directly connected to the atmosphere. Shut-off fittings and drain valves must be tied with chains or blocked with other devices and locked.

Safety signs should be posted on valves and shut-off valves.

4.10. When working with a tool, a mechanic should not place it on the railings of fences or the unprotected edge of the site, as well as at the edges of manholes, wells and channels. The position of the tool in the workplace should eliminate the possibility of it rolling or falling.

4.11. When unscrewing and tightening nuts and bolts, it is forbidden to lengthen the wrenches with additional levers.

4.12. Finishing of seals of compensators and fittings is allowed to be carried out at an overpressure in pipelines of not more than 0,2 MPa (2 kgf/cm2) and a coolant temperature of not more than 45°C.

It is allowed to replace the stuffing box packing of compensators after the pipelines are completely empty.

4.13. When working with a percussion tool, the fitter must wear safety goggles to prevent solid particles from entering the eyes.

When carrying or transporting the tool, sharp parts must be protected.

4.14. Prohibited during work:

touch hot parts of equipment, pipelines and other elements having a temperature of 45°C or more;
be near flanged joints and fittings of pipelines, manholes and manholes, if this is not caused by production necessity;
open the doors of distribution cabinets, switchboards and assemblies, clean fixtures and replace burned-out lighting lamps, touch bare or bare wires;
stop manually rotating or moving mechanisms;
operate faulty equipment, as well as equipment with faulty or disconnected devices for emergency shutdown of interlocks, protections and alarms;
lean and stand on platform barriers, railings, protective casings of couplings and bearings, walk along pipelines, as well as structures and ceilings that are not intended for passage through them and do not have special fences and railings;
move on randomly thrown objects (bricks, boards, etc.);
be in the area of production of works on lifting and moving goods by hoisting mechanisms and loaders;
to clean near mechanisms without safety fences or with poorly fixed fences;
wrap cleaning material around the hand or fingers when wiping the outer surfaces of working mechanisms. Cotton or linen rags in a closed metal box should be used as cleaning material. Dirty cleaning material should be put away in separate special boxes;
use metal rods, rods and other improvised random means and devices when cleaning;
use combustible substances (gasoline, kerosene, acetone, etc.) when cleaning premises and equipment;
clean, wipe and lubricate the rotating or moving parts of the mechanisms through the guards and put your hands behind them for lubrication and cleaning.

4.15. Care must be taken when opening and closing valves; it is prohibited to use crowbars, pipes and other items for this purpose.

Open and close the air vents with handwheels slowly and carefully by hand. The use of keys and other lever devices for these purposes is prohibited.

4.16. Places of discharge of water from washed pipelines must be protected.

Work on testing heat networks should be carried out according to the program and at the same time, approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.

4.17. When tested during the passage of a coolant with a high temperature (above 100 ° C) and a pressure rise of up to 20 kgf / cm2. it is forbidden to enter the chambers.

4.18. In order to avoid thread breakage, the connecting fittings of the control and measuring equipment (to eliminate leakage through the thread) should be tightened only with wrenches of the appropriate size at a pressure of not more than 0,3 MPa (3 kgf / cm2). Before tightening, check the condition of the visible part of the thread, especially on the vent fittings.

4.19. Climbing into the pipeline for inspection and cleaning of foreign objects is allowed on straight sections with a length of no more than 150 m and a diameter of at least 800 mm.

In this case, free access from both ends of the pipeline must be ensured. Inspection is carried out by three locksmiths, of which two are located at both ends of the pipeline.

Branches, jumpers and connections to other pipelines available on the site must be securely disconnected.

Work in the pipeline should be in a canvas suit and gloves, boots, knee pads, goggles and a helmet. The end of the rescue rope of the safety belt must be in the hands of the observer from the side of the entrance to the pipeline. The observer from the exit side of the pipeline must have a lantern that illuminates the entire section of the pipeline.

4.20. When tightening the bolted connections of flanges and hatches, the locksmith should be located in the opposite direction from the possible ejection of a jet of water, steam or gas-air medium when the thread is stripped.

The bolts should be tightened gradually, alternately from diametrically opposite sides. Tightening of flange and socket connections in the presence of pressure in the system is prohibited.

4.21. When performing work on the carriageway in both directions of traffic at a distance of at least 15 m from open hatches of underground structures, it is necessary to install barriers and road signs that prevent traffic in this place, and at night and in other conditions of insufficient visibility, fences should be marked with electric signal lamps with a voltage of not more than 42 V.

4.22. The fenced area in winter should be cleared of snow, ice and sprinkled with sand.

4.23. The locksmith on duty must know the places that are dangerous in relation to gas contamination, which are included in the serviced area.

In these places it is forbidden:

smoking;
performance of work using open flames (without a work order for gas hazardous work);
the use of an electric tool that produces sparks and electric lighting fittings in a non-explosion-proof design;
the use of mechanical tools (hammers, sledgehammers, etc.) not made of non-ferrous metals and their alloys;
use shoes lined with steel nails and horseshoes;
check for gas leaks with an open flame.

4.24. When opening the hatch of an underground structure or tank, you should stand on the windward side (with your back to the wind).

4.25. Before entering a gas-hazardous room, it is necessary to analyze the air environment for the content of gas in it. The presence of gas must be determined using an explosion-proof type gas analyzer.

It is forbidden to descend into underground structures and reservoirs for air sampling.

Sampling should be carried out from the upper zone of the chamber, lowering the end of the hose by 20-30 cm, and from the lower zone of the chamber, while the end of the hose is lowered no more than 1 m from the floor.

4.26. Before and during work in an underground structure or in a tank, natural or forced ventilation must be provided, with the obligatory opening of at least two hatches.

It is forbidden to ventilate an underground structure or tank with oxygen.

If natural and forced ventilation does not ensure the complete removal of harmful substances, descent into an underground structure or reservoir is only allowed in a gas mask.

4.27. It is prohibited to launch and carry out work in steamed underground and basement structures. It is not allowed to descend into underground (basement) structures and reservoirs filled with water with a temperature above 45°C, regardless of the level, and a temperature below 45°C with a level height of more than 200 mm.

In the presence of water (liquid medium), it is necessary to use rubber shoes.

4.28. It is allowed to work in thermal chambers at air temperatures above 33°C only in exceptional cases (in case of accidents), with the permission of the work manager and under his direct supervision, using air-spraying installations and taking the necessary measures to prevent personnel burns.

Work should be carried out in warm overalls.

4.29. Work inside underground structures or tanks, as well as periodic inspections with a descent into them, should be carried out as part of a team consisting of at least three people, two of whom should be at the hatch and monitor the condition of the working and air intake pipe of the hose gas mask.

4.30. The observer does not have the right to leave the hatch and be distracted by other work while a person is in the underground structure.

If a worker in an underground structure feels unwell, he must stop working and go to the surface.

If assistance is needed, one of the observers must go down to the victim, after putting on a gas mask and a rescue belt and passing the end of the rescue rope to the one who remained at the top.

4.31. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the gas mask and hoses.

For a gas mask with forced air supply, the blower and its drives must be checked

The tightness of the gas mask and the hose is checked by clamping the end of the hose by hand while wearing a gas mask. If it is impossible to breathe in this position, then the gas mask is working.

4.32. When working inside a gas hazardous underground structure or tank, the use of rescue belts and ropes is mandatory.

4.33. On both sides of the traffic at a distance of 10-15 m from the open hatches of underground structures located on the roadway, a road sign should be installed. Outside settlements, at a distance of at least 50 m from the place of work, a warning road sign is additionally placed on the side of traffic. The work site must be fenced off. At night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, road signs and fences should be illuminated with lamps with a voltage of no more than 42 V. The fenced area in winter should be cleared of snow, ice and sprinkled with sand.

4.34. When working with attached and sliding ladders at a height of more than 1,3 m, it is necessary to use a safety belt fixed to the structure of the structure or to the ladder, provided that it is securely fastened to the structure.

4.34. Splicing more than two wooden ladders is prohibited.

4.35. It is forbidden to work from a ladder, standing on the steps, at a distance of less than 1 m from its upper end.

4.36. It is forbidden to work on portable ladders and ladders near and above rotating mechanisms.

4.37. Repair work using lifting mechanisms and transport should be carried out in compliance with the following safety measures:

a string of goods can be produced by a locksmith who has undergone special training and has the right to do so;
before starting loading and unloading operations, the slinger must check the condition of the lifting equipment (cables, devices);
strapping and hooking of loads must be carried out in accordance with the schemes of the sling of loads, special bars should be placed under the ribs to protect the slings from damage;
it is forbidden to use damaged or unmarked lifting devices, to correct the blows of the crowbar of the sling on the lifted load, to be under it and under the crane boom when lifting the load.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Before the end of the shift, you must:

make a record of the detected malfunctions in the defect log;
all tools, devices and protective equipment should be put in order and placed in cabinets and racks;
Notify your line manager of equipment failures and safety violations.

5.2. Take off overalls and work shoes, put them in the work clothes locker and, if necessary, take a shower.

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