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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection during forest maintenance felling and selective sanitary felling
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General safety requirements General labor protection requirements are set out in the instructions "General requirements for labor protection for workers engaged in logging and forestry work". 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Familiarize yourself with the technological map and the instructions of the master on the procedure for the production of work, do not change the established procedure without his knowledge. 2.2. Designate dangerous zones with signs of the established form: in flat terrain - an area within a radius equal to twice the height of the forest stand, but not less than 50 m; in mountainous conditions - within a radius of at least 60 m; with a slope of more than 15 degrees - the distance from the place of the felling to the foot of the mountain; when felling in young stands - within a radius equal to the double height of the stand; during the operation of the brush cutter-clarifier - within a radius of 50 m. On the territory of the danger zone, while felling trees, it is prohibited to perform other work. When people appear in the danger zone, the felling stops, people are taken out of the danger zone. 2.3. Check the completeness, serviceability and put on overalls, safety shoes and safety devices. Do not let the ends of the clothes hang down, put the hair under the headdress. Protective helmets must have a shock-absorbing kit; when felling in young forests, the helmet must be equipped with a transparent (mesh) visor. If necessary, workers are provided with anti-encephalitis protective suits or repellents to protect against the bites of blood-sucking insects. Check the completeness of the first aid kit, the availability of drinking water. 2.4. Check the serviceability and completeness of mechanisms and hand tools, test motor tools and mechanisms at idle, pay special attention to protective, protective and blocking devices, signaling devices. 2.5. In the area of thinnings and selective sanitary cuttings, during non-clear cuttings, all dangerous trees are removed before the brigade relocates. All trees are removed within a radius of 10 meters from the boundaries of the upper warehouse, timber loading points, heating rooms, mechanisms and equipment. Premises are located no closer than 10 m from the road. All trees, undergrowth, and shrubs are removed from the loading bays. Next, the feller’s workplace is prepared: shrubs and undergrowth are cut within a radius of at least 0,7 m around the tree, waste paths are made at least 3 m long, 0,45 m wide, at an angle of 60 degrees to the direction of the felling, the snow after raking is compacted to a height no more than 0,2 m on the ring and 0,3 on the track. Before starting work, make sure that there are no unauthorized persons and equipment in the cutting area, and that hazardous areas are fenced off. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. Maintenance felling should be carried out by a forest feller (brush cutter operator) with a woodcutter (assistant), tree felling should be carried out in gaps or on forest-free places (but not on a forest wall), trees with a diameter of more than 8 cm should be planted in the direction of the natural inclination of the trunk, wind direction or the largest mass of the crown (with a preliminary cut of the tree). 3.2. When performing thinning with hand and petrol-powered tools, it is not allowed to:
3.3. When working with a brush cutter: fell trees with the top forward - the left sector of the saw, the top back with the right sector; cut trees, direct the cutter at an angle; remove hanging trees, cutting (cutting down) them below the break; cut down trees with a diameter of up to 4 cm with the entire free sector of the saw; release the barrel tightened under the protective cover by turning off the engine; move with the brush cutter engine running, attaching it to the shoulder strap; in the event of gasoline leakage, a protective cover removed, and other malfunctions, stop the operation of the hedge trimmer. 3.4. The operation of the brush cutter-clarifier is not allowed: when there are stumps more than 30 cm high, stones, metal, concrete and any other obstacles, trees with a diameter of more than 5 cm in the way of work; on a slope of more than 8 degrees, with a visibility of less than 50 m, during a thunderstorm, during and after heavy rains, when strangers are in the danger zone. It is necessary to clean the working parts of the hedge trimmer after stopping the engine. Pruning (trimming) of branches 3.5. The delimbing must be carried out outside the danger zone of felling trees. Choppers are provided with boots with a protective toe cap and high-quality axes: the handle is smooth, made of dry, strong wood with a thickening at the end, wedged in the eye, the angle of the ax nozzle is 84 degrees. 3.6. Branching is carried out: in the direction from the butt to the top with the location of the cutter on the opposite side of the tree to be cut; with a minimum distance between the cutters of 5 m. Stressed limbs are trimmed after part of the trunk is cleared of branches adjacent to them, while the cutter should not be located on the side of the stressed branch. For trees lying along a slope with a steepness of 20 degrees or more and across a slope with a steepness of 15 degrees or more, delimbing is performed with the trees fixed, being on the upland side. 3.7. When trimming branches with a motor tool, it is necessary: to follow the rules for supporting the saw on the trunk and sliding along it; take a stable and safe position, placing the feet at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other and 10-12 cm from the tree trunk when cutting the branches of the upper and side parts of the trunk; the lower branches on which the tree rests are cut with extreme care, preventing the trunk from moving and settling on the legs, while the legs should be no closer than 30-40 cm from the trunk; cut branches from the side of the cutter with the upper branch of the chain, moving the saw away from you; cut tense branches in two steps, first cutting the tense fibers, and then flush with the trunk; to avoid clamping the saw unit, saw off long branches at a distance of 1 - 1,5 m. 3.8. In order to prevent the saw from kicking off, sawing with the end piece of the saw unit is prohibited. It is forbidden to chop or cut branches while standing on a fallen tree or saddle it; near an unstable tree, without strengthening it; at the moved trees; on trees in packs, stacks; before throwing the tree off the skid plate; in the danger zone felling trees. Crosscutting and piling 3.9. When bucking whips in a cutting area, workers must be provided with serviceable tools and devices (saws, wedges), when working in mountain conditions, in addition, with ropes, chains, ropes for tying whips. On a slope steeper than 35 degrees, bucking is not allowed. 3.10. When bucking the whips with power saws, it is necessary to: change the saw chain or its tension, make minor repairs to the saw with the engine off; move from cut to cut when the engine is running at low speeds (the chain does not rotate); refuel the saw with gasoline when the engine is not running; release the saw bar clamped in the cut when the engine is not running; bucking should be done on linings; do not cross-cut in the danger zone of felling trees, as well as cross-cut in "heaps", without piece-by-piece rolling of the whips. Laying wood in stacks (woodpile) 3.11. The height of the stacks of whips (assortments) when stacking with a jaw loader should be no more than 3 m, with manual stacking no more than 1,8 m. At the same time, it is forbidden to stay in the danger zone of the loading mechanism. Wood skid 3.12. Skidding of wood should be carried out along prepared trails (technological corridors) in a semi-suspended state or in a suspended state. Portage width: for tractors with a traction class of 6-29 kN (YuMZ, MTZ, T-40, etc.) - equal to the maximum width of their base plus 1 m, but not less than 3 m; for tractors of 30-60 kN thrust class (LHT-55, TDT-55, TDT-40, T-4, etc.) - at least 5 m on the plain and 7 m in the mountains. Stones are removed from the portage, pits are filled up. When escorting a wagon, the choker must be no closer than 10 m from the end of the whips. When chokering and skidding with tractors, it is necessary: 3.13. Choke trees (whips) at a distance of 0,5-0,7 m from the butt or 0,9-1,2 m from the end of the top; install the tractor when collecting the pack so that its longitudinal axis coincides with the direction of movement of the pack (deviation is not more than 15 degrees). 3.14. Not allowed when hauling:
3.15. When hauling wood with horses:
Clearing cutting areas 3.16. Do not clean cutting areas in the danger zone of felling trees. In case of mechanized clearing of logging sites from branches and logging residues, before the start of work, cut deadwood into sections of 3-4 m. During manual cleaning, workers should be no closer than 5 m from each other, do not collect branches in one pile. During the operation of the broom picker, stay at a distance of at least 10 m from it, before starting work, the worker must coordinate the actions with the broom picker operator. Branches should be burnt in a strictly timely manner, in compliance with fire safety requirements, and not to collect large piles. When correcting the heap, do not stay on the leeward side and closer than 10 m from the burning boughs, do not climb on the burning heap to correct it. It is necessary to carry branches with small burdens, in mittens, having a good overview of the route in front of you, when collecting and carrying branches, you cannot hold an ax in your belt or in your hands. 4. Safety requirements in emergency situations 4.1. Stop work in case of storm wind, thick fog (visibility not less than 50 m), heavy snowfall, heavy rain; until the situation improves, take refuge in a safe place; stop felling trees at wind speeds of more than 11 m/s on the plains and 8,5 m/s in mountainous conditions. 4.2. During a thunderstorm, stop moving, take a safe place in a clearing, an area of deciduous young growth, between trees growing at a distance of 20 m from each other, in the mountains, hilly terrain closer to the middle of the slope, if possible, settle down on an insulating material (dry deadwood, moss, birch bark), away from metal objects, mechanisms. It is forbidden during a thunderstorm: to be in motion, on top of a mountain, hill, on the edge of a forest; stop at streams, rivers, lakes; hide under separate trees, rocks, stones, lean against them; be located near and under power lines, at triangulation signs, other towers and signs, closer than 10 m from machines and mechanisms. 4.3. In the event of a forest fire, take measures to extinguish it on your own, if possible, provide information to the forestry, forestry or other organization, enterprise, population. If it is impossible to extinguish the fire, take personal safety measures and leave the place of ignition. Do the same in case of any other danger (environmental, radiation, chemical hazard, natural disaster) that threatens people's lives. 4.4. Suspend work if unauthorized persons and equipment are detected in hazardous areas. 4.5. In case of an accident, provide the victim with first aid, if necessary, take measures to deliver him to a medical institution, inform the head of work about the incident, and, if possible, preserve the situation of the incident. 5. Safety requirements at the end of work 5.1. Clean, put in order the tools, equipment, put them in storage in the designated places. 5.2. Remove uniforms, overalls and safety shoes, clean and free from dust, place in storage. 5.3. Make sure that there is no encephalitis tick, if present, remove it. 5.4. Perform hygienic procedures, when working in the zone of radiation contamination, perform the prescribed procedures. 5.5. Report all comments on the work to the foreman (official) and enter them in the journal of administrative and public control on labor protection. 5.6. Put out the fires, sprinkle them with soil.
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