Why was the Hollywood sign originally created? Detailed answer

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Why was the Hollywood sign originally created? Detailed answer

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Why was the Hollywood sign originally created?

The Hollywood sign was created in 1923, but not at all as a designation for the world's dream factory. It was just an advertisement for new residential areas in Los Angeles, and the sign was longer: HOLLYWOODLAND. It was supposed that the sign would stand for about a year and a half, but due to the rapid development of the film industry in Hollywood, they decided to leave it.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Why is D. I. Mendeleev the authorship in the discovery of the periodic law of chemical elements?

The discovery of the periodic law of chemical elements by D. I. Mendeleev dates back to February 17, 1869, when he compiled a table entitled "Experience of a system of elements based on their atomic weight and chemical similarity." It was the result of years of searching. Once, when asked how he discovered the periodic system, Mendeleev replied: "I've been thinking about it for maybe twenty years, and you think: I sat and suddenly ... it's ready."

Mendeleev had predecessors. In 1862, the Italian chemist S. Cannizzaro made a report on the role of the atomic weights of elements as the most important chemical tool. In the same 1862, the French geologist A. de Chanturquois found that the elements can be placed in ascending order of atomic weights in a special table, and elements with similar properties fall into the vertical columns. Regardless of Chanturqua, the English chemist D. Newlands came to the same conclusion. Almost simultaneously with Mendeleev, the German scientist L. Meyer proposed his own version of the table of elements. It was the periodic table that received recognition, who not only showed courage and skill in proving his views, but also developed them further than his colleagues.

First, Mendeleev's periodic table (so named for the periodic alternation of elements with similar chemical properties) was more complete than those of his aforementioned colleagues, and more similar to that which is universally accepted in our time.

Secondly, when the properties of an element forced Mendeleev to place an element outside the accepted sequence of atomic weights, he boldly went to change the formal order, based on the determining role of chemical properties, and not atomic weight. And every time he was absolutely right.

And thirdly, and most importantly, where there were not enough elements in the table to fill the cells, Mendeleev left empty spaces, boldly anticipating future discoveries of new elements. Based on the properties of the neighbors on the periodic table, he even quite accurately described the three elements that had yet to occupy free cells. Here he was accompanied by obvious luck: all three elements (gallium, scandium and germanium) were discovered during the life of Mendeleev, and he lived to see the triumph of his periodic system.

The Periodic Law has been universally recognized as one of the fundamental laws of chemistry. Thus, Mendeleev's prediction came true: "The future does not threaten the periodic law with destruction, but only promises superstructures and development."

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Chimpanzees see other people's intentions 11.03.2022

We distinguish between offenses committed intentionally and those committed by negligence or, for example, due to circumstances, and we treat offenses by negligence (or by necessity) more mildly. Chimpanzees do the same.

German scientists experiment in which monkeys had to give a person a certain object, and in return receive a treat. The treat was of two kinds, better and worse. In some cases, the chimpanzee saw that a person has a choice of what to give them, and in some cases they saw that there is no choice, that a person gives only what he himself can take.

Chimpanzees, as it turned out, were quite capable of distinguishing people's own bad intentions from the force of circumstances. If the experimenter gave them a worse treat, although he could well have given something better, the monkeys simply spat at him. If the experimenter showed the chimpanzees that he simply could not give them something more tasty, they were completely understanding.

In another series of experiments, everything was more complicated: one person hid a tasty treat from another, which he could give to the monkeys. The chimpanzees saw everything, and the experimenter who was supposed to treat them behaved differently again: he either showed that he did not understand what was happening, or made it clear that he knew that more delicious food was hidden.

In both cases, the chimpanzees behaved as if they could not be treated to delicious food due to objective circumstances. Perhaps, for the monkeys, it was more important that the person did not see with his own eyes how the treat was hidden: if he did not see it, then he cannot know where it is, and you never know how he behaves.

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