|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Common bird cherry (carpal bird cherry, bird cherry, bird cherry). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Common bird cherry (carpal bird cherry, bird cherry, bird cherry), Prunus padus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Prunus Family: Pink (Rosaceae) Origin: Europe and North Asia Area: Bird cherry is widespread in Europe and Asia, also found in North America and Australia. Chemical composition: Common bird cherry contains hydrocyanic acid, amygdalin glycoside, tannins, flavonoids, sugars, vitamin C, anthocyanins, etc. Economic value: Bird cherry is used as an ornamental plant and as a source of nutritional and medicinal value. Bird cherry berries are used to make jam, juice and tinctures. Also, bird cherry is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Celtic legends, bird cherry was considered a symbol of strength and protection from evil spirits. In some cultures, bird cherry is associated with magical properties and was used to protect against witchcraft and negative energy. Bird cherry is associated with nature and freshness, thanks to its leaves and flowers. Bird cherry can also be associated with hope and rebirth, as it blooms in spring and symbolizes the beginning of a new cycle of life.
Common bird cherry (carpal bird cherry, bird cherry, bird cherry), Prunus padus. Description, illustrations of the plant Bird cherry. Legends, myths, history
That was a long time ago. A young guy fell in love with a black-eyed dark-skinned girl with flax-colored hair. And yes, she liked it. Their love grew brighter every day. And everything would have been fine, but a black sorcerer who lived nearby in the forest saw the beauty and lost his head from love. How much strength, how much time the sorcerer spent to win the love of a blond girl, but all in vain - only her eyes see her beloved, only her lips smile at him! And no wonder - after all, tomorrow they have a wedding! The sorcerer gathered all his black forces and came to the wedding. He saw the young - beautiful, blooming - and he shouted out all his hatred for the groom in an evil spell. And right there, in front of the astonished guests, a beautiful fluffy bumblebee appeared next to the bride in a snow-white puffy dress instead of the groom. Seeing this, the bride begged: - Mother Nature, help us, our love! Bring back my love! Forests rustled, clouds ran across the sky, lightning flashed, thunder rumbled, but everything remained the same. - I can not cope with the black spell, my strength is not enough! - Nature rustled with birch leaves. - So do something! Help us Mother Nature! - the girl screamed in despair, clutching the bumblebee. - I agree to everything! - Well, if so... And in the place where the bride stood, people saw a luxurious bush, all strewn with white fluffy flowers. And such a fragrance came from this bush that the bumblebee immediately flew to him and began to kiss the fragrant flowers. And the people who saw all this called this bush bird cherry - from the word "cherma", which means "dark" - in memory of a black-eyed, blond dark-skinned woman in a snow-white fluffy dress. So since then, every spring, as soon as the fragrant flowers bloom on the bird cherry, bumblebees fly to them and kiss them with such love! And the sorcerer turned into an old, clumsy, useless stump! The legend of the bird cherry. There is such a legend among the people: when the gods descended to earth to help people, each of them chose a tree for himself: winter winter, spring spring. One of the young goddesses of winter fell deeply in love with the god of the beginning of summer, and in order to become at least a little closer to her lover, she chose bird cherry. That is why bird cherry flowers are white as snow, and that is why their flowering always coincides with a cold snap. Yes, but their love every time turns out to be not eternal, which is why the bird cherry petals crumble so quickly. Cherry wood amulets bring good luck in love affairs. An old Nivkh legend. In ancient, ancient times, bird cherry did not grow in nature. She appeared like a berry tree, according to Nivkh legend, after the death of a wise Nivkh shaman. She lived for a long time, probably because people needed her. They went to her for advice and help. The shaman healed from diseases, protected her relatives from evil people and spirits. The time came when she grew old and felt that she had very little time left to live. She called all the Nivkhs to her and told them that soon she would have to leave this world. - Some time after my death, - she said, - along the banks of the river and small rivers, a berry tree unfamiliar to the Nivkhs will grow. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Bird cherry, Padus racemosa (Lam). Gilib. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Shrub or tree up to 17 m high, with a dense crown. The leaves are large, oblong, serrate, short-petiolate. The flowers are fragrant, white, numerous, collected in an inflorescence-brush. The fruit is a spherical small drupe of black and red color; the bone is elongated. Blooms in April - May. Bird cherry is common in forests throughout Europe and Western Siberia. Propagated by seeds (bones), cuttings, stumps. It blooms profusely almost every year, but does not bear fruit every year due to damage by spring frosts. The fruits are harvested with stalks in August-September. The pulp of bird cherry fruits is rich in tannins, sugars, organic acids (mainly malic and citric), minerals (iron, manganese, zinc), and the kernels of the seeds are rich in fatty oil. All parts of the plant contain amygdalin glycoside. Fresh fruits, flowers, leaves, bark and buds of bird cherry contain phytoncides that kill not only microbes, but also insects. It has long been valued by the people as a medicinal plant. Bird cherry is used to treat diarrhea and furunculosis, as well as a blood purifier. Thanks to the phytoncidal properties of bird cherry during the Great Patriotic War, festering wounds were treated with fruit juice in many hospitals. And now all parts of the plant are widely used in medicine. "Bird cherry water", obtained from fresh flowers, is used for eye diseases in the form of lotions, infusion and decoction of dried bird cherry fruits - as an antidiarrheal agent. The fruits are part of the gastric tea. Bird cherry leaves are brewed and used as a disinfectant, analgesic and fastening agent. The bark has a diuretic and diaphoretic effect. Her decoction is drunk for rheumatism and gout. Bird cherry is also known as a food plant. The taste of the berries is tart-sweet, astringent. They can be kept fresh for a long time by shifting foliage. But the main way to harvest bird cherry is drying. Ripe berries are dried in the sun, in rooms with good ventilation, as well as in an oven or oven at a temperature of 40-50 ° C. Store in canvas bags or in a wooden box lined with paper. Bird cherry harvested in this way retains its beneficial properties for more than five years. Dried and ground into flour, the fruits are used as a filling for pies, for making kissels, jelly, drinks; they are added to the dough for baking cookies. The plant is decorative. Particularly spectacular forms with weeping branches, double flowers and colorful leaves. Bird cherry is a wonderful early spring honey plant; it gives a lot of nectar and pollen. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Bird cherry ordinary (cherry bird cherry). Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Tree or large shrub 2-15 m high of the rose family. Blooms in April - June. The fruits are spherical, black drupes 8-10 mm in diameter, sweet, strongly astringent. The stone is round-ovoid. Tannins were found in fruits, bark and leaves (they are 2-3% in the bark). The fruits also contain organic acids (malic and citric), vitamins C, P, anthocyanins, flavonoids, up to 5% sugars, essential oil. Essential oil and glycoside amygdalin were found in the kernels of the pits. Leaves, flowers, bark and seeds contain glycosides amygdalin, prulaurazine, prunazine. Amygdalin during enzymatic cleavage gives benzaldehyde, hydrocyanic acid and glucose. The leaves accumulate up to 280 mg% of vitamin C, there is an essential oil. Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, used to make liqueurs, tinctures and soft drinks, confectionery products and wines are tinted with juice. Dry fruit powder is a good filling for pies, cheesecakes (in Siberia), jelly is boiled from it, sometimes it is brewed as a substitute for tea. In some places, this powder is added to rye and wheat flour, which gives the bread a pleasant aroma. Due to the presence of tannins, the fruits have astringent properties; in the form of a decoction or infusion, they are recommended for non-infectious diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. The fruits are part of the gastric tea. By action, they can replace blueberries (often they are used together). Bird cherry water is obtained from fresh flowers, which is sometimes used in the treatment of eye diseases as a lotion. In folk medicine, the leaves were used orally for pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchitis, as an antitussive, for diarrhea; externally - for rinsing the mouth with rotting teeth, furunculosis; a decoction of the bark - as a diuretic, diaphoretic and insecticidal agent (against lice and flies), for eye diseases, sciatica; flowers in the form of an infusion or decoction - as a contraceptive, in the form of vodka tincture - for rheumatism, gout. Fresh fruits, leaves, flowers, bark, buds have phytoncidal properties. Volatile phytoncides of bird cherry in the first seconds kill flies, mosquitoes, horseflies, midges. Fruit juice can be used to treat purulent wounds. In homeopathy, the bark and leaves are used. The essential oil contained in the leaves was used in the past to perfume perfumes. Sometimes in the alcoholic beverage industry, fruits were used for bitter tinctures, much less often - flowers. The internal use of bird cherry - a poisonous plant - requires caution. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V. Common bird cherry. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
It grows along the banks of rivers, in damp forests, coastal shrubs, in home gardens. 7 species of bird cherry grow in parks and gardens. One of them is wild-growing - bird cherry. A multi-branched tree or shrub 2-10 m high. The bark is dark gray, matte, with lenticels. The leaves are alternate with red-brown glands. Blooms in May. The flowers are small, white, collected in axillary drooping brushes, bisexual, pleasant smell, rich in nectar. The fruits are black shiny drupes, with one seed, sweetish, astringent, odorless, ripen in July. Good honey plant. Leaves, flowers and bark of bird cherry contain tannins, phytoncides, essential oil, vitamin C, amygdalin glycoside, the breakdown of which produces the most toxic substance - hydrocyanic acid. The fruits contain malic and other acids, tannins, sugars, mineral salts, vitamin C. The glycoside prunazine gives the plant a pleasant aromatic smell. For economic purposes, green and brown-red paint is obtained from the bird cherry bark. The wood is yellowish-brown, softish, resilient, well polished, used for carpentry. Craftsmen make various beautiful crafts, baskets, mats. Bird cherry fruits are used in nutrition. They are consumed fresh, dried, powdered. From the fruits of bird cherry, you can make fillings for pies, cook jam, jelly, compotes. Juice tint drinks. Bird cherry flour is used in confectionery, production, it is added to the dough for baking gingerbread, pies and other products. It should be remembered that the bones contain hydrocyanic acid, which can be poisonous. Bird cherry flour. Dry the ripe fruits of bird cherry, grind into flour. Store in a dry ventilated place. Use as an additive to wheat flour when baking bread (25-50%). Bird cherry flour coffee. Grind bird cherry flour with sugar. Brew like coffee. Drink with milk, cream. 2 teaspoons of bird cherry flour, 250 ml of boiling water, sugar to taste. Kissel from bird cherry flour. Dilute bird cherry flour in water, add sugar, bring to a boil, pour in diluted starch, boil. 250 g bird cherry flour, 500 ml water, 150 g sugar, 50 g starch. Compote from cherry fruits. Blanch ripe bird cherry fruits for 2 minutes, drain, put in a saucepan, pour 20% sugar syrup for 5-7 hours. Then drain the syrup, arrange the fruits in jars, pour boiling syrup over again, cover with lids and pasteurize at a temperature of 85 ° C: half-liter jars - 15, liter - 25 minutes. Seal banks. 1 kg of bird cherry fruits, 300 g of sugar, 1,2 liters of water. Stuffing for bird cherry pies. Grind bird cherry flour with sugar, add malt and, adding water, bring to the consistency of the filling. 250 g bird cherry flour, 25 g malt, 15 g sugar. Stuffing for pies from the fruits of bird cherry. Blanch the bird cherry fruits for 2 minutes, drain the water. Rub the fruits through a sieve (to remove the seeds), add sugar, grind. 500 g of bird cherry fruits, 50 g of sugar. Kvass from bird cherry. Rinse fresh bird cherry fruits with cold water, put in an enamel pan, cover with sugar, cover with a napkin and keep at room temperature for 12 hours. Then mix everything, pour warm water, add yeast, sugar and leave for 12 hours to ferment. Strain, pour into a three-liter glass jar, leave for 2 days in a room, then store in a cold place. 600 g of bird cherry fruits, 3 liters of water, 300 g of sugar, 10 g of yeast. Cherry jam. Pour the fruits with sugar for 12 hours. Then drain the juice, cook over low heat for 20-30 minutes, put the fruits in it and cook until tender. Before the end of cooking, you can add citric acid. 1 kg of bird cherry fruits, 1-1,2 kg of sugar, citric acid to taste. Kissel from bird cherry. Bring the fruits to a boil, drain the broth, wipe through a sieve. Mix the mass with the broth, stir, strain, put sugar or honey, bring to a boil, pour in the diluted starch. 200 g of bird cherry fruits, 300 ml of water, 20 g of sugar, 5-10 g of starch.
In folk medicine, fruits, bark, leaves, flowers of bird cherry are used. Ripe fruits have a fixing, astringent, bactericidal, vitamin, tonic, anti-inflammatory effect, normalize the function of the intestines, stomach; bark - diaphoretic, antipyretic, diuretic effect; leaves - fixing, vitamin action, improve digestion. Flowers are used as an anti-inflammatory, wound healing, phytoncidal agent. Bird cherry preparations are taken under the supervision of a doctor, in compliance with the indicated doses and duration of treatment. Decoction of cherry fruits. Boil 20 g of fruits in 250 ml of water, strain. Drink 100 ml 2-3 times a day for diarrhea, gastritis. Decoction of bird cherry bark. Boil 10 g of bark in 200 ml of water for 10 minutes, leave for 2 hours, then strain. Take 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day before meals for fever, colds, coughs, cystitis. A decoction of cherry leaves. Boil 20 g of leaves in 200 ml of water for 5 minutes, strain. Drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day for diarrhea, gastritis, colitis, hypovitaminosis. Infusion of bird cherry fruits. Infuse 20 g of fruits in 500 ml of boiling water for 12 hours in a thermos. Drink 100 ml 3 times a day for diarrhea, gastritis, colitis. Infusion of bird cherry flowers. Infuse 10 g of flowers in 200 ml of boiling water for 10 minutes, strain. Rinse wounds, ulcers, eyes with inflammation of the mucosa. Apply leaves to places of bruises, abscesses. Bird cherry is part of the gastric fees. Contraindications: pregnancy. Bird cherry fruits are harvested as they ripen from July to September, flowers in May, bark in spring. In dry, clear weather, cut off the brushes with fruits, scatter in a thin layer, dry in the air in good weather or in stoves, ovens, dryers at a temperature of 40-50 ° C, stirring occasionally. Then separated from the stalks, stems, impurities, sifted through a sieve. Dried fruits are black or dull, round-elongated, wrinkled, with a light stone, odorless, sour-sweet taste. The bark is dried in ovens, dryers, ovens. The flowers are air dried in the shade. Store in boxes, bags, in a dry, well-ventilated area. The shelf life of fruits is 2 years, flowers - 1 year, bark - 5 years. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A. Bird cherry, Padus avium Mill. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use
The rose family is Rosaceae. Tree or large shrub 2-10 m high; the bark is dull, black-gray, with whitish lenticels. The leaves are alternate, elliptical, thin, on short petioles, sharp, 3-10 (15) cm long, glabrous, sharply serrate at the edges. The flowers are white, fragrant, on pedicels, collected in dense drooping racemes 8-12 cm long. The fruit is a spherical black drupe 8-10 mm in diameter, sweet, strongly astringent. The stone is round-ovoid. Blooms in April - June. The fruits ripen in July - August. It grows on rich and moist soils in floodplain forests. Found in many regions of Eurasia. In black alder forests, it forms a pronounced undergrowth layer. Tannins were found in fruits, bark and leaves (they are 2-3% in the bark). The fruits also contain organic acids (malic and citric), vitamins - ascorbic acid, rutin, anthocyanins, flavonoids (up to 20%,), up to 5% sugars, essential oil. Fatty oil and glycoside amygdalin, prulaurazine, prunazine were found in the kernels of the bones. Amygdalin during enzymatic cleavage gives benzoic aldehyde, hydrocyanic acid and glucose. The bark and leaves contain free hydrocyanic acid. The highest content of amygdalin was found in the bark (2%) and seeds (1,5%). The aromatic smell of the plant is due to the presence of prunazine glycoside. The leaves accumulate up to 0,28% ascorbic acid, essential oil. Fruits, flowers, bark, buds and especially leaves contain benzoic aldehyde, which determines their phytoncidal properties. Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, used to make liqueurs, tinctures and soft drinks. Their juice is used to color confectionery and wines. Dry fruit powder is a good filling for pies, cheesecakes (in Siberia), jelly is boiled from it, sometimes it is brewed as a substitute for tea. In some areas, the powder is added to rye and wheat flour, which gives the bread a pleasant aroma. Due to the presence of tannins, the fruits have astringent properties; in the form of a decoction or infusion, they are recommended for non-infectious diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. The fruits are part of the gastric tea. By their action, they can replace blueberries, and are often used together. Bird cherry water is obtained from fresh flowers, which is sometimes used in the treatment of eyes as lotions. In folk medicine, the leaves were used orally for pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchitis, as an antitussive, for diarrhea; externally - for rinsing the mouth with decay of teeth, furunculosis; a decoction of the bark - as a urine, diaphoretic and insecticidal agent (against lice and flies), for eye diseases, sciatica; flowers in the form of infusion or decoction - as a contraceptive, in the form of tincture - for rheumatism, gout. Bird cherry has phytoncidal properties, thanks to which it contributes to the improvement of the atmosphere. Volatile phytoncides of bird cherry in the first minutes kill flies, mosquitoes, horseflies, midges.
During the Great Patriotic War, many hospitals successfully used the juice of its fruits to treat purulent wounds. In homeopathy, the bark and leaves are used. The essential oil contained in the leaves was used in the past to perfume perfumes. Sometimes in the alcoholic beverage industry, fruits were used for bitter tinctures, much less often - flowers. The internal use of bird cherry as a poisonous plant requires caution. An ornamental plant, forms with weeping branches, double flowers and multi-colored leaves are especially spectacular. Bred in gardens and parks. Grows well on loose sands. An excellent early spring honey plant, it gives a lot of nectar and pollen. Bird cherry bark can be used to dye fabrics and leather in green and red-brown tones. Asian bird cherry (Padus asiatica Kom.) is common in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. It is used similarly to bird cherry. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Bird cherry, Padus racemosa Lam. Gilib. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Tree or shrub from 2 to 10 m in height, Rosaceae family. The trunk and branches are covered with dull, black-gray, cracking bark. The leaves are alternate, short-petiolate, elliptical, dull above, somewhat wrinkled below. The flowers are white, collected in dense, many-flowered drooping brushes. The fruits are spherical black drupes 7-8 mm in diameter, sweet, strongly astringent, the stone is round-ovate. Range and habitats. Natural range - North Africa (Morocco), South, Central, Western, Northern and Eastern Europe, Transcaucasia, Asia Minor, Central and Eastern (including many provinces of China), meeting in the European part, Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East . Introduced and naturalized throughout the world in the temperate zone. Prefers moist, rich soils with close groundwater. Grows mainly along the banks of rivers, in riverine forests (urem) and shrub thickets, along forest edges, on sands, in forest clearings. Chemical composition. Tannins were found in fruits, bark and leaves (in the bark they are 2-3%, in the pulp - up to 15%). Free hydrocyanic acid was also found - in the bark 0,09%, in the leaves - 0,05%. The fruits also contain organic acids (malic and citric), vitamins - ascorbic acid, rutin, anthocyanins, flavonoids (up to 20%), up to 5% sugars, essential oil. Fatty oil and glycosides - amygdalin, prulaurazine, prunazine - were found in the kernels of the bones. The leaves accumulate up to 0,28% ascorbic acid, essential oil. Fruits, flowers, bark, buds and especially leaves contain benzoic aldehyde, which determines their phytoncidal properties. Amygdalin during enzymatic cleavage gives benzoic aldehyde, hydrocyanic acid and glucose. The bark and leaves contain free hydrocyanic acid. The highest content of amygdalin was found in the bark (2%) and seeds (1,5%). Application in medicine. Due to the presence of tannins, bird cherry fruits are used as an astringent for non-infectious diarrhea and other disorders of the stomach and intestines, as well as an adjuvant for infectious colitis and diarrhea. Other uses. Bird cherry is not only decorative, but also known as a fruit crop. Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, grated with sugar, used to make liqueurs, tinctures and soft drinks. Ground dry fruits of bird cherry (flour) - filling for pies, cheesecakes, jelly is brewed from it, sometimes brewed as a substitute for tea. In some localities, dried bird cherry powder is added to rye and wheat flour, which gives the bread an almond flavor. The powder is also used in the manufacture of gingerbread, cakes. Bird cherry has heavy, strong, dense (720 kg/m3) and flexible wood, which is not afraid of moisture and does not warp or crack when dried, and does not split well. It is well etched and evenly painted. It dries out a little, but it should be dried with care. Well-dried wood does not warp. Suitable for carving work with fine modeling of small parts, carpentry and turning. In the past, rolls for washing clothes were made from bird cherry. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Bird cherry, Padus racemosa (L.) Gilib. Description, habitats, nutritional value, culinary use
Bird cherry is a tree from the Rosaceae family (plum subfamily) up to 10 m high. The leaves are alternate, short-petiolate, elliptical, dull below and slightly wrinkled. The flowers are white, collected in drooping brushes. The fruits are spherical black drupes up to 7 mm in diameter, sweet, strongly astringent, with a rounded ovoid stone. It grows in damp places, in riverine forests, along streams, rivers, along ravines, in thickets of shrubs. There are 7 varieties of bird cherry. Bird cherry is valued for its beautiful flowers, tasty and healthy fruits. It is often planted in gardens near houses. Flexible thin trunks and branches of bird cherry have long been used by peasants and handicraftsmen for the manufacture of hoops, arches, sledges, wicker boxes, baskets, mobile carts. Bird cherry fruits contain tannins, malic and citric acids, sugars, phytoncides, iron (up to 0,2 mg%), manganese (1 mg%), zinc (0,3 mg%), copper (0,1 mg%) , cobalt (10 μg%), magnesium 0,9 mg%), in leaves, bark, flowers and seeds - amygdalin glycoside. Bird cherry flowers and leaves contain special volatile substances - phytoncides, which have an amazing ability to kill microbes and insects. Kissels and compotes are prepared from dried and fresh bird cherry berries. Pies and cheesecakes are baked from bird cherry flour. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Bird cherry, Padus racemosa. The history of growing a plant, economic importance, cultivation, use in cooking
Family Rosaceae, class Dicotyledonous, department Angiosperms. Bird cherry is an inhabitant of deciduous forests, thickets of bushes. Settles in large numbers in river valleys. The height of the tallest bird cherry plants is up to 10 m. The leaves are petiolate, arranged alternately on the branches, have an elliptical shape. Small fragrant white flowers are collected in drooping brushes. In each flower there are 5 petals and sepals, a lot of stamens, a pistil - 1. The bird cherry fruit is a drupe (it is usually called a berry) of bright black color. Clusters of white flowers, twigs, bird cherry bark emit a peculiar bitter, but very pleasant smell. Cherry blossoms in early spring; at this time, the first leaves appear from leaf buds. The time of bird cherry leaves blooming is considered the beginning of spring, and the high season means the lush flowering of fragrant brushes. During the period of full flowering, the brushes droop down, the pollen is well protected from rain and dew. Various insects rush to fragrant bird cherry flowers. Bees and bumblebees, plunging their proboscises deep into the flower, drink nectar, collect pollen and, visiting other flowers, provide pollination. After pollination, a small juicy fruit begins to develop, with a stone inside, which contains the bird cherry seed. At the beginning of ripening, the fruitlets on the brushes are green, at this time they are inedible. But when ripe fruits are poured with a sweetish-tart juice, they become attractive not only to people. Grouse, black grouse, capercaillie, blackbirds, as well as mouse-like rodents eat the fruits and buds of bird cherry. All these animals contribute to the spread of the plant. Bird cherry petioles have special nectar-secreting glands, the secretions of which feed on ants. These insects protect bird cherry from pest caterpillars. Bird cherry is a food, medicinal, honey plant. Authors: Kozlova T.A., Sivoglazov V.I.
Common bird cherry (carpal bird cherry, bird cherry), Prunus padus. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The Latin specific name avium is associated with birds (Aves), which actively feed on the berries of the bird cherry. Deciduous tree or large shrub 0,6-10 m high, crown elongated, dense. The bark is dull, black-gray, with whitish lenticels. Young branches are olive or cherry red. The leaves are simple, alternate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-elliptical, 3-10 (rarely 15) cm long, glabrous, thin, on short petioles, pointed, sharply serrate along the edge. Stipules subulate, falling off early. Petioles 1-1,5 cm long, two glands at the top at the base of the leaf blade. The flowers are white (rarely pinkish), collected in long dense drooping racemes 8-12 cm long, with a strong smell, on pedicels. Sepals and petals 5, stamens 20, anthers yellow, pistil one. It blooms in May-June, profusely and annually, but does not bear fruit every year, as the flowers are damaged by late spring frosts, and the trees themselves are attacked by numerous pests. The fruit is a spherical black drupe 8-10 mm in diameter, sweet, strongly astringent. The stone is round-ovoid. The fruit is initially green, heart-shaped, dense, as it ripens, the skin turns red, then blackens. The pulp of ripe fruits is green, in the air becomes dark purple. The fruits ripen in July-August. Natural range - North Africa (Morocco), South, Central, Western, Northern and Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Central and East (including many provinces of China), Transcaucasia. It is found in the European part of Russia, in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Far East. Introduced and naturalized throughout the world in the temperate zone. Prefers moist, rich soils with close groundwater. Grows mainly along the banks of rivers, in riverine forests (urem) and shrub thickets, along forest edges, on sands, in forest clearings. Tannins were found in fruits, bark and leaves (they are 2-3% in the bark, up to 15% in the pulp). Free hydrocyanic acid was also found - in the bark 0,09%, in the leaves - 0,05%. The fruits also contain organic acids (malic and citric), vitamins - ascorbic acid, rutin, anthocyanins, flavonoids (up to 20%), up to 5% sugars, essential oil. Fatty oil and glycosides - amygdalin, prulaurazine, prunazine - were found in the kernels of the bones. The leaves accumulate up to 0,28% ascorbic acid, essential oil. Fruits, flowers, bark, buds and especially leaves contain benzoic aldehyde, which determines their phytoncidal properties. Amygdalin during enzymatic cleavage gives benzoic aldehyde, hydrocyanic acid and glucose. The bark and leaves contain free hydrocyanic acid. The highest content of amygdalin was found in the bark (2%) and seeds (1,5%). Bird cherry is not only decorative, but also known as a fruit crop. Ripe fruits are eaten fresh, grated with sugar, used to make liqueurs, tinctures and soft drinks. Their juice is used to color confectionery and wines. Ground dry fruits of bird cherry (flour) are used as a filling for pies, cheesecakes, jelly is boiled from it, sometimes brewed as a substitute for tea. In some localities, dried bird cherry powder is added to rye and wheat flour, which gives the bread an almond flavor. The powder is also used in the manufacture of gingerbread, cakes. Due to the presence of tannins, the fruits have astringent properties; in the form of a decoction or infusion, they are recommended for non-infectious diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. The fruits are part of the gastric tea. In their action, they can replace blueberries and are often used together. Bird cherry water is obtained from fresh flowers, which is sometimes used in the treatment of eyes as lotions. Ripe fruits have a fixing, astringent, bactericidal, vitamin, tonic, anti-inflammatory effect, normalize the function of the intestines and stomach. Anthocyanins with P-vitamin activity have a capillary-strengthening effect. The bark has a diaphoretic, antipyretic, diuretic effect. Leaves have fixing, vitamin properties. Flowers are used as an anti-inflammatory, wound healing, phytoncidal agent.
The fruits are harvested as they ripen from July to September, the flowers - in May, the bark - in early spring. Brushes with fruits are cut in dry, clear weather, scattered in a thin layer, dried in air or in ovens, dryers, ovens at a temperature of 40-50 ° C. Then separated from the stems, stalks, burnt fruits, impurities. Dried berries are black or dull, round-elongated, wrinkled, odorless, sour-sweet taste. The bark is dried in the open air, in ovens, dryers, ovens at a temperature of 40 ° C. The flowers are air dried in the shade. Store in boxes or bags, in a dry, ventilated area. The shelf life of fruits is 3-5 years, flowers - 1 year, bark - 5 years. Fresh bird cherry fruits should not be eaten with seeds, and also make jam with seeds, because they contain the poisonous substance amygdalin, which accumulates in the body and can lead to severe poisoning. Bird cherry is bred in gardens and parks as a food and ornamental plant, forms with weeping branches, double flowers and multi-colored leaves are especially spectacular. In the new cultivars of bird cherry, the fruits are larger and less tart, with a peculiar piquant taste. Spring honey plant, gives nectar and a lot of pollen. Bird cherry bark can be used to dye fabrics and skins in green and red-brown tones, the fruits give a dark red tint. The essential oil contained in the leaves was used in the past to perfume perfumes. Sometimes in the alcoholic beverage industry, fruits were used for bitter tinctures, much less often - flowers. Bird cherry has heavy, strong, dense (720 kg/m3) and flexible wood, which is not afraid of moisture and does not warp or crack when dried, and does not split well. It is well etched and evenly painted. It dries out a little, but it should be dried with care. Well-dried wood does not warp. Suitable for carving work with fine modeling of small parts, carpentry and turning. In the past, rolls for washing clothes were made from bird cherry. Bird cherry has phytoncidal properties, thanks to which it contributes to the improvement of the atmosphere. Volatile phytoncides of bird cherry in the first minutes kill flies, mosquitoes, horseflies, midges. In homeopathy, the bark and leaves are used. Propagated vegetatively (by cuttings, root shoots), rarely by seeds.
Bird cherry. Basic information about the plant, use in medicine and cooking
In spring, bird cherry buds are "alarmed" by sharp peaks. It seems that the bird cherry slept all winter and thought how to protect itself from those who broke off its flowering branches last spring. But in place of these peaks, fragrant flowers soon appear. Bird cherry is famous not only for its beauty. Its fruits are black, shiny, small beads collected in small brushes, edible and suitable for preparing a variety of foods and dishes. The fruits contain about 5% sugar, a lot of citric and malic acids. There is an essential bitter almond oil, which has a strong odor and is widely recognized in the confectionery industry. Ripe fruits are not so tart and have a rather sweet taste, although with a pronounced tinge. In Siberia, they are harvested in late autumn and eaten fresh, dried and ground into a powder called bird cherry flour. Bird cherry berries are harvested in dry, clear weather, placed in baskets in layers mixed with leaves and stored in a cool room for several weeks. They are dried first in the sun and wind, then dried in special dryers, Russian ovens or ovens. To obtain bird cherry flour, the berries dried to brittleness are crushed in a meat grinder or pounded in a mortar. The resulting powder is suitable for admixture to grain flour when preparing sweet dough, fillings, baking pies, cookies, sweet pancakes. 25-50% bird cherry is added to wheat flour, depending on the product being prepared. Kissels are boiled with honey or bird cherry flour jam. Various tinctures and liqueurs are made from fresh and dried berries. In Siberian villages, sugar is added to bird cherry flour, ground and brewed like Turkish coffee, jelly is prepared with milk or water, which is eaten with bread, used to make tyuri, kvass, etc. Soft drinks are prepared from bird cherry berries. The berries are crushed, water is added to them, they are allowed to ferment and the vodka is expelled. Vodka infusion of bird cherry berries is recommended to be added to the liquor "Abricotin". For infusion, take two glasses of dry berries for 0,75 liters of vodka. Wine is infused on crushed berries to get a more juicy and intense color. Bird cherry berries are also distinguished by therapeutic and dietary properties. When fresh, they are an excellent antiseptic. The flowers are distilled with water and an extract is obtained, which is used to treat eye diseases. Ripe fruits are used as an astringent for diseases of the stomach and intestines. A decoction of the bark has long been a well-known remedy in the treatment of fevers. Leaves and bark emit volatile substances (phytoncides) that kill pathogenic microbes. Previously, linen, linen and woolen fabrics were dyed green and red-brown with a decoction of the bark. Author: Reva M.L. Bird cherry. Interesting plant facts
Bird cherry blooms earlier than other trees, and against the backdrop of a still dark forest, the lush white tassels of its flowers are especially elegant. Under the black bark of the bird cherry, red-brown wood, like the most valuable tropical trees. In the Far East, bird cherry grows, which has leaves of different shapes. Below - rounded, above oval, at the very top - pointed. And the leaves of this bird cherry surprise with their color. In spring they are bronze, in summer they are green, and in autumn they are purple. The fruits of the Far Eastern bird cherry are large, juicy, but inedible. A treat for bears only. The bear climbs a tree, sits down comfortably and begins to suck on branch after branch. He will suck, break the branch and tuck it under him. There are many such branches. The tree takes on a strange look. It seems as if a strange bird has built a nest on it. Author: Smirnov A.
Common bird cherry (carpal bird cherry, bird cherry, bird cherry), Prunus padus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Common bird cherry (carpal bird cherry, bird cherry, bird cherry), Prunus padus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The bird cherry (Prunus padus) is a tree or shrub grown as an ornamental plant and for its fruits, which are used to make jams and preserves. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing bird cherry: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
▪ Canna ▪ Oriental persimmon (Japanese persimmon, persimmon) ▪ Baikal skullcap (helmet, scutellum, shield) ▪ Play the game "Guess the plant from the picture"
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024 New method for creating powerful batteries
08.05.2024 Alcohol content of warm beer
07.05.2024
▪ Sociology of organ transplant ▪ Wiring increases 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi coverage ▪ Innovative orbital housing concept from Airbus
▪ section of the site for the Musician. Selection of articles ▪ article Ensuring the safety of technical means and technological processes. Basics of safe life ▪ article What accident led to the invention of Viagra? Detailed answer ▪ Heliotrope article. Legends, cultivation, methods of application
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page