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Instructions for labor protection in the development of windfall and windbreak cutting areas

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General safety requirements

The section is set out independently on the basis of the Standard Instructions TOI R-07-001-98 "General safety requirements for professions and types of work performed in the field" taking into account the specifics of a particular forestry enterprise.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. The most experienced physically healthy workers are allowed to develop windfall and windbreak cutting areas and burnt areas.

2.2. The development of windfall and windbreak cutting areas and burnt areas is carried out by a feller of the forest, necessarily with an assistant feller (lumberjack).

2.3. The team engaged in the development of windfall and windbreak logging sites and burnt areas must have, in addition to tools and auxiliary devices necessary for felling trees and trimming branches, a manual portable winch with a metal rope no less than 35 m long, a hemp rope 10 m long and a choker 5 m long. 8 m, one for each worker.

2.4. The development of cutting areas with windfall forests and burnt forests should be carried out according to a technological map drawn up in relation to the conditions of the terrain, the nature, degree and direction of the windfall, damage to the forest stand, littering of the territory and organization of labor.

2.5. The foreman of the complex team is obliged to receive from the foreman, against receipt, a scheme of the cutting area with a clear image of apiaries on it, indicating the order of their development, skidding trails, logging points, logging mustaches, dangerous zones, locations of heating rooms and food points, sites for parking equipment and storage of fuels and lubricants. All members of the integrated team should be familiar with the scheme.

2.6. Upon receipt of a shift task from the foreman, work teams are required to undergo targeted briefing at the workplace about possible dangerous situations that may arise in the course of work and measures to prevent them. Without targeted briefing at the workplace, it is forbidden to start work, the foreman (foreman) daily reminds the workers of the precautionary measures.

2.7. The feller of the forest and his assistant (lumberjack) must check the serviceability of the felling devices. The hydrowedge is not used in windfall and windbreak cutting areas for felling dangerous trees.

2.8. The feller of the forest and his assistant (lumberjack), in the presence of the foreman, must inspect the area of ​​the windfall forest to be developed on the current day, and determine the possible dangers: inclined, hung, broken and other dangerous trees, as well as hung branches and tops of trees, clarify the order site development.

2.9. Check the completeness and serviceability of overalls, footwear and safety devices, wear helmets and other protective equipment. If necessary, additionally use helmets with a protective shield, anti-encephalitis suits or repellents. Check the completeness of the first aid kit and the availability of drinking water.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. When developing windfall and windbreak cutting areas and burnt areas, the following requirements must be observed:

• before felling trees, first remove hanging broken branches and tops with a felling fork or other devices, while observing special care;
• fell trees in the direction of the main windblow, taking into account the terrain, the clutter of the cutting area, the method and means of hauling the forest. It is necessary to dismantle the blockages of windfall trees with a tractor or a winch with a rope no less than 35 m long;
• during the felling period, entry and entry into the danger zone may only be allowed by the feller after the tree has landed. Places for felling trees within a radius of 50 m are fenced off with prohibitory signs (in mountainous conditions - 60 m).

Responsibility for the timely movement of signs in the cutting area rests with the feller or his assistant. Preparation of the workplace before felling trees is carried out in accordance with the general safety requirements for felling trees.

3.2. When developing windfall-windbreak cutting areas and burnt areas, each tree must be carefully examined before felling, and then the method and direction of its landing should be selected. Trees that pose the greatest danger are to be felled first.

3.3. Felling a tree that has not been separated from the scrap, the top of which lies on the ground, without first testing the strength of the connection of the top part with the butt part of the trunk is not allowed. Such trees are felled as follows: if the tree has an unseparated scrap at a height of less than one meter from the ground and the broken part of it cannot be separated by a hand winch or tractor from the standing butt part, then the broken part of the trunk is separated by sawing it off in the place where the scrap ended. Before sawing off the trunk, linings must be laid under it.

Sawing should be started from above to a depth until the saw is slightly clamped, then from below at a distance of 2-3 cm from the plane of the first cut. If the tree has an unseparated scrap at a height of more than 1 m and the broken top part of the trunk is not separated using a tractor (winch), then in this case the standing butt part is felled without first separating the broken top from it. Before felling the butt, the rope of the tractor (winch) must be fixed on it. Hanging a rope on a tree trunk should be done with a pole with a special hook at the end, or with a felling fork from a safe distance.

3.4. The felling of the butt with a broken top should be done at an angle of 90 degrees to the vertical plane passing through the axis of the broken part of the tree. The underdrink must be left 2 times more than normal, after which the feller and his assistant (lumberjack) must move to a safe distance. The breaking of the end of the butt part of the tree, together with the broken top, is carried out by a tractor or a winch.

3.5. If the tree is broken at any height and the broken part is separated from the standing butt part, then the felling of the latter is carried out as a separate tree, observing the general labor safety requirements for felling the forest.

3.6. It is not allowed to cut a tree with an ax before felling. It is necessary to make a notch with a gasoline-powered saw with the removal of the "chunk" from the notch with the cantilever part of the saw bar of the running saw.

3.7. A felling of inclined, free-standing trees with a partially damaged root system is carried out in the direction of their slope.

3.8. Trees tilted, broken and having cracks from the butt to the top are allowed to be cut only after the lower part of the tree has been previously tightened with a bandage or tied with a chain, rope (4-5 turns) with a wedge driven into the harness. The sawing of such trees is done to a depth of 1/2 of the diameter of the butt, depending on the slope. In healthy trees that have a slope towards the felling, the notch depth is made at least 1/3. Such trees are felled in compliance with the general safety requirements for felling the forest. It is not allowed to leave standing butt breaks unfelled.

3.9. The removal of hung, broken (broken) trees depends on the nature of their hanging. Based on this, it is necessary in each specific case to outline ways of felling (landing) such trees.

3.10. If a hung tree:

• completely broken off from the butt part and rests on the ground, it is removed by a tractor or winch, for this the tractor rope (winch) is strengthened on the butt part and, depending on local conditions, is pulled off at an angle or along the axis of the tree;
• has a scrapped not separated from the stump, then the sawing of the tree is carried out at the place of breaking on the side, with a cut and leaving a half-dip 4-6 cm wide, after which the tree is felled using a tractor or winch;
• has an unseparated scrap at a height of 1 m from the ground (the broken top part of it is firmly connected to the butt part), it is felled together with the scrap; before felling such a tree, a tractor rope (winch) is fixed on its butt part, a notch is made perpendicular (at an angle of 90 degrees) to the vertical plane passing through the axis of the broken part of the tree, and the cut is cut leaving a half-dip 2 cm more than normal; land such trees with a tractor (winch);
• if a hung tree with a twisted root system cannot be landed by a tractor (winch), then a tractor (winch) rope is attached to the tree at an angle of 90 degrees to its longitudinal axis, from the side of the stretched rope, a cut is made to a depth of 1/2 of the diameter of the butt of the tree and cut from the back the sides have been cut, leaving a half-cut 4-6 cm wide, after which the tree is felled by a tractor or winch;
• if there are several hanging trees, they should be removed with a tractor using the methods indicated above, each tree is removed separately, the tree that is at the top is removed first, etc.

3.11. When removing a hanging tree, it is necessary to use a felling fork with bent and pointed ends so that it cannot slide along the tree trunk during its pushing.

The optimal dimensions of the felling fork are as follows: steel tip 180-260 mm long, horns 36-80 mm long, nozzle diameter 45-50 mm, distance between horns 40-78 mm, dry spruce pole 60 mm in diameter, 2 m long. The surface of the pole should be smooth and, if possible, covered with drying oil.

3.12. A windfall tree lying on the ground with an inverted root block is developed in one of the following ways:

• if the tree is uprooted, lies on the ground and has a deflection, then in order to avoid tipping over the root block to its original position, it is necessary to strengthen it with a special stop and only then saw off the tree trunk. Sawing off the trunk is made by two cuts from above and below. The first cut is made from above to a depth of at least 1/2 of the diameter, and the second from the bottom at a distance of 2 - 3 cm from the plane of the first cut (closer to the butt). After separating the root block from the trunk, it is put into its original position with a stump up or uprooted by a winch or tractor;
• in a fallen tree with an external deflection, it is necessary to especially reliably strengthen the root block, file the trunk with two cuts, while the operations are performed as described above;
• when the fallen tree lies firmly on the ground, a groove is dug out under the trunk for the free passage of the saw tire of the gasoline-powered saw, then the root block is sawn off, as described above.

3.13. The trunk of an unseparated scrap at a height of up to 1 m is sawn off with laying linings under the trunk. Where necessary, the tree must be securely fastened to stumps or standing trees with a choker or rope before sawing begins to prevent the stem part of the tree from being thrown to the side.

In all cases, when sawing off the trunk, the feller must be on the side opposite to the possible turn of the trunk.

On the slopes of the terrain with a steepness of more than 10 degrees, the root block, directed by the stump down at an angle to the slope, is not put in place, but it must be firmly fastened with props to prevent it from rolling down the slope without permission.

3.14. When it is impossible to dismantle the blockages of the wind-fallen forest, remove the group curtains of trees or carry out uprooting of the inverted root block with a winch (tractor), an explosive method is used, in compliance with special rules, instructions, technology and training of workers.

Explosive work must be carried out by persons who have undergone special training for the right to explosive work and who have the appropriate certificates.

3.15. During the development of windfall forests and burnt forests, it is not allowed:

• cut branches from the trees on which they rest;
• walking on fallen trees;
• be in the pit of a twisted root block;
• cut the roots of an uprooted tree.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. The development of windfall and windbreak cutting areas and burnt areas should be stopped when the wind is more than 11 m / s, during heavy rains and during a thunderstorm, in a snowstorm, sleet, in fog, visibility is less than 50 m, with radiation, chemical and other dangers; with an emergency warning.

4.2. In the event of an accident or an accident, immediately stop work, provide the victim with first aid and, if necessary, send him to a medical institution, at the same time notify the foreman, another person responsible for the production of work, if possible, preserve the situation of the incident.

4.3. During a thunderstorm, work stops, metal objects and mechanisms are located away from people, and people, if possible, should take shelter indoors or take a safe place in a clearing, young growth area, in small folds of terrain on a hillside, between trees growing 20 -25 m apart.

During a thunderstorm, it is forbidden to hide under trees, lean against their trunks, be near and under power lines, come closer than 10 m to stand-alone trees, poles, towers, lightning rods, high stones, etc., on top of a hill, and also be closer than 10 m from machines and mechanisms.

4.4. If a fire is detected, proceed to extinguish it using the available means, observing safety. Report the fire to the foreman, to the forestry, forestry, in case of a threat to life, leave the danger zone. If necessary, call the fire department.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. The feller of the forest is obliged:

• clean the chain saw from sawdust and dirt;
• wash the carburetor air filter with gasoline and clean the saw air fan mesh;
• place the saw in the designated storage area.

5.2. The feller's assistant (lumberjack) is obliged to clean the felling tool from dirt and put it in the place intended for this.

5.3. The tractor driver must:

• wind the traction rope onto the winch drum;
• clean the tractor from dirt;
• put the tractor in the place designated for parking;
• lower the shield, arch and dozer blade;
• slow down the tractor;
• disengage the clutch of the tractor winch;
• stop the engine, turn off the ignition;
• at sub-zero air temperatures, drain the water from the cooling system, while being careful not to burn the body;
• lock the tractor cab.

5.4. Members of the integrated team should perform the necessary personal hygiene procedures (wash their faces and hands), and when working in a radiation hazardous area, follow the prescribed procedures.

Remove and store protective clothing, footwear and safety devices. Make sure that there are no encephalitis mites on the body, if there are, remove them. Perform hygiene procedures.

5.5. Report malfunctions and comments on work to the foreman (shifter), if necessary, make an entry in the log of administrative and public control on labor protection.

5.6. Extinguish fires and cover with soil.

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