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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instruction on labor protection for the bulldozer driver. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection 1. General provisions 1.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have a certificate for the right to operate a bulldozer and are recognized as fit for this work by a medical commission are allowed to drive a bulldozer. 1.2. The driver hired must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first aid to victims, must be familiarized with the working conditions, rights and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, against signature. rules of conduct in the event of an accident. The bulldozer driver must undergo an initial briefing on safe methods of performing work directly at the workplace before starting work. On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Logbook for the registration of introductory briefings on labor protection issues and the Logbook for the registration of briefings on labor protection issues. At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required. 1.3. The bulldozer driver after the initial briefing at the workplace must undergo an internship for 2-15 shifts (depending on length of service, experience and nature of work) under the guidance of an experienced qualified bulldozer driver, who is appointed by order (instruction) for the enterprise. 1.4. Repeated briefing on the rules of safe work practices and labor protection, the bulldozer operator must pass:
1.5. When using a bulldozer as a tractor for trailed road machinery, the driver must comply with safety regulations when towing mechanisms. 1.6. The bulldozer driver must know the operating instructions for the bulldozer, as well as the base machine. 1.7. The bulldozer must be in good technical condition, equipped with sound and light alarms, as well as a blocking device that prevents the engine from starting when the gear is engaged or the power take-off shaft is engaged, and equipped with a first aid kit. 1.8. The bulldozer must be assigned by order (instruction) to a specific driver. It is forbidden to start work on an unsecured machine or a machine assigned to another driver. 1.9. Before the repaired machine and mechanisms are put into operation, they are debugged, inspected and tested under the supervision of a mechanic. 1.10. The bulldozer driver can start work in the protected area (electric cable, gas pipeline, etc.) only if he has a work permit that determines the safe conditions for the work. 1.11. In the case of a bulldozer operating at night (with poor visibility), the place of work is evenly illuminated. All obstacles, the edge of the subgrade or slope, excavations, soil dumps must be well lit (at least 15 lux) or marked with clearly visible warning signs. It is forbidden to work on an unlit area. Regardless of the illumination of the workplace, the control mechanisms and working bodies of the machine must have autonomous lighting. 1.12. The bulldozer driver must work in overalls and special footwear provided for by the Model Industry Standards: cotton overalls, rubber boots. Cotton overalls and rubber boots must be in good working order and correspond to height and size. It is forbidden to work in cotton overalls impregnated with fuels and lubricants. 1.13. Any accident during the performance of bulldozer work must be immediately reported to the foreman. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Before starting work, it is necessary to put on overalls, check the serviceability of the alarm and electric lighting systems, the availability and serviceability of the necessary tools. 2.2. Before starting work, the bulldozer operator must check the technical condition of the machine:
2.3. Minor defects must be corrected. If it is impossible to do this on your own, you should inform the mechanic (master). 2.4. The driver must familiarize himself with the scope of work, the technology of the workflow and the features of the site, and also make sure that there are no foreign objects on the work site, and when performing work on the maintenance and repair of roads, check for the presence of fences and warning signs. 2.5. It is allowed to refuel the bulldozer with fuel, lubricants only after the engine has stopped. When refueling a bulldozer with fuels and lubricants, it is forbidden to smoke, to approach the machine with sources of open fire. If fuel gets on the parts of the bulldozer during refueling, they should be wiped dry with a cleaning cloth. If fuels and lubricants spilled onto the ground, it is necessary to cover this place with earth (sand). 2.6. It is forbidden to store flammable substances in the cab of the bulldozer. 2.7. To facilitate starting the engine in cold weather, fluids with a low freezing point (antifreeze) should be used in the cooling system. When using antifreeze in the cooling system, the bulldozer operator must comply with safety requirements in accordance with DNAOP 0.00-1.28-97 "Occupational safety regulations in road transport." In the case of filling the engine cooling system with antifreeze, the bulldozer driver must use tools (utensils) specially designed for this purpose. It is forbidden to pour antifreeze through the hose, sucking it up with your mouth. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling antifreeze. It is forbidden to use fire to heat the engine by starting it; start the engine by towing a bulldozer, and operate the bulldozer if there is a leak in the fuel or lubrication system. Lubricating oil may only be heated in special oil heaters. 2.8. Before starting the dozer engine, make sure that the clutch is disengaged, the gear lever is in neutral, the machine is stopped, and the ignition timing is suitable for starting the engine (there is no danger of crankshaft reverse due to early ignition). 2.9. It is forbidden to work on bulldozers that have a device for manually starting the engine using a starter cord. This applies to older models of bulldozers, which must be equipped with an electric start engine. 2.10. To prevent burns (frostbite) with steam or hot water (antifreeze), which are thrown out of the radiator when the engine overheats, the radiator roof is removed in gloves, standing on the windward side. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. During the operation of the bulldozer, it is prohibited:
3.2. The bulldozer must not perform work within the range of working lifting machines and excavators. 3.3. Before moving the bulldozer from its place, the driver must make sure that the passage is free, and there are no people in the area of work of the machine, and then give a warning sound signal. 3.4. The cabin must be free from objects that interfere with work. Unauthorized persons are prohibited from entering the cab of the bulldozer. The control platform, levers, pedals must be clean and dry. 3.5. If stumps or other oversized objects are found in the cultivated soil, the bulldozer must be stopped and removed by special vehicles from its path in order to prevent an accident. 3.6. It is forbidden to move the soil uphill or downhill by more than 30° and work on slopes that have a transverse slope of more than 30°. Do not shift gears while the bulldozer is moving up and down. When going downhill, the car should be in first gear. If necessary, slow down the working bodies. When moving the soil with a bulldozer on an incline, care must be taken to ensure that the blade does not cut into the ground. 3.7. While working at an inclined position of the site of the bulldozer driver's workplace, in order not to fall, you must constantly hold on to the handle of the control mechanisms. 3.8. When working and driving on embankments with a height of more than 1,5 m, the bulldozer should not approach the edge of the slope closer than 1 m, the blade should not extend beyond the edge of the embankment. 3.9. Moving and installing a bulldozer near excavations (pits, trenches, ditches, etc.) is allowed subject to the distance from the bottom of the excavation slope to the nearest caterpillar not less than the values \u1b\uXNUMXbspecified in Table. XNUMX. Table 1
If it is not possible to maintain the specified distances, the excavation slope must be securely reinforced. 3.10. Do not operate the bulldozer along steep slopes. 3.11. It is forbidden to operate the bulldozer on clay soils during rain. 3.12. When operating a bulldozer in rough terrain or when crossing a bad road, its speed should not be higher than the second speed of the tractor (5,9 km / h). 3.13. Do not make turns with a load or deep blade. 3.14. It is forbidden to carry out maintenance of the bulldozer between the tractor and the blade or under the tractor until the engine stops. 3.15. If malfunctions are detected, the working conditions become more difficult, which create a risk of accidents, work on the bulldozer must be stopped and the mechanic, foreman or other work manager should be informed about what happened. 3.16. On a bulldozer with hydraulic control, the hydraulic warning valve must be sealed. The seal must be placed by a mechanic after checking the valve on the control pressure gauge for the maximum allowable pressure in the hydraulic system. 3.17. During operation, it is necessary to monitor the good condition of the hoses and their connections, as well as the lubrication pressure in the hydraulic system. It is forbidden to operate with a lubricating oil pressure that exceeds the maximum allowable level for this type of machine. 3.18. During the operation of the bulldozer with cable-and-block control, overheating of the drums, brake band and winch clutches must not be allowed. Work without a protective cover at the winch drum is prohibited. 3.19. In the event of a rope break, the winch drum must be switched off immediately. 3.20. When operating a bulldozer equipped with manual winches, raise and lower the working body of the machine only after the unit has completely stopped. 3.21. On a machine with a cable-and-block control system, it is prohibited:
3.22. Work related to the installation of bulldozer attachments on the tractor must be performed by at least two workers after the machines have completely stopped and under the guidance of a mechanic. It is necessary to lift heavy parts of the bulldozer only with serviceable cranes, jacks or hoists. 3.23. Maintenance and repair of machines should be carried out in places (posts) designated for this purpose, equipped with devices necessary for performing the established work (inspection ditch, lifting mechanisms, overpass, rotary stand), as well as the necessary devices, devices, inventory and tools. 3.24. All work related to the maintenance and repair of the bulldozer is carried out when it is completely stopped, the blade is lowered and the engine is not running (except for work on regulating the engine). 3.25. If it is necessary to inspect the bulldozer blade from below, it should be lowered onto special stands. It is forbidden to stand under the raised working body of the bulldozer, which is supported by a rope or hydraulic mechanism. 3.26. Sparking and high temperature work (welding, combustible, etc.) should not be carried out on the bulldozer, unless it is impossible to remove the part that needs repair. Welding and soldering work must be carried out at a distance of at least 10 m from the machine. 3.27. When carrying out electric welding work on a bulldozer, the driver must take measures to prevent the occurrence of a fire (drain and take diesel fuel, lubricants, etc. to a safe place). 3.28. If it is necessary to stop the bulldozer on the roadway during the day, it should be fenced off with an emergency stop sign, and at night or in case of poor visibility - with a red flashing light installed at a distance of 20 m in a settlement and 40 m - outside settlements. 3.29. During short breaks in work, it is allowed to leave the bulldozer at the work site only if the engine is turned off and the machine is stopped. Do not leave the car with the engine running. 3.30. During stops of the bulldozer during operation, the blade can be lowered to the ground. 3.31. For repairs, lubrication, and adjustments, the dozer must be on level ground, the engine off, and the blade on the ground. In the event of an emergency stop of the bulldozer on an inclined plane, measures must be taken to prevent arbitrary movement downhill. 3.32. During a thunderstorm, the driver must get out of the bulldozer and move to a safe place. 3.33. If during work underground structures, cables, pipes and other underground communications and unknown objects are revealed, the driver must immediately stop work and report to the work manager (foreman, foreman). It is allowed to work near underground structures and communications, power lines only in the presence of a foreman or foreman specified in the work permit. 3.34. When a bulldozer passes under the wires of existing power lines, the distance in the air from the nearest part of the machine to the nearest live wire must not be less than the values \u2b\uXNUMXbspecified in Table. XNUMX. Table 2
The passage of a bulldozer under the wires of a power line (off the road) is allowed in the place of the least sagging of the wire (closer to the support), while the working body of the bulldozer must be in the transport position. 3.35. The operation of a bulldozer in the security zone of overhead power lines is permitted upon agreement with the organization that operates the line. Security zone along overhead power lines - a piece of land and space between vertical planes that pass through parallel straight lines, remote from the extreme wires (when they are not disconnected) at a distance indicated in Table. 3. Table 3
3.36. If the above conditions cannot be met, the power lines must be de-energized, both during the operation of the bulldozer and during its movement. 3.37. When moving a bulldozer through rivers and streams ford, the water depth should not exceed the height of the caterpillar. The selected route must have a solid foundation. 3.38. Movement on ice or work on it is carried out under the direct supervision of an engineering and technical worker of a road organization by a special order after examining the state of the ice cover, determining its strength, fencing dangerous places with the establishment of the necessary indicator signs (milestones, road signs, signal lights). 3.39. While the bulldozer is moving on ice, the cab doors should be kept open. The speed of the bulldozer on ice should not exceed 10 km/h. Stops, jerks, turns, overtaking are prohibited. It is forbidden for people (except the driver) to be in the bulldozer while crossing the ice. 3.40. It is allowed to drive off the shore onto the ice without ladders only if the ice near the shore has no cracks and erosion, does not hang over the water and is firmly connected to the shore. Overhanging ice should be checked through holes punched in it. The water that appears in them can cover the lower part of the walls of the punched holes to a height equal to 0-8 of the ice thickness. If water does not appear in the holes or its level is below the specified one, the crossing in this place is prohibited. 3.41. Before driving onto bridges, you must first establish the carrying capacity of the bridge using signs and road signs. It is forbidden to drive on the bridge in the absence of signs of the carrying capacity of the bridge without the permission of the work manager (foreman, foreman). 3.42. Driving a bulldozer across railroad tracks is permitted only in designated areas. Stopping, disengaging the clutch and shifting gears at the crossing is prohibited. 3.43. When driving on roads, you should adhere to the "Rules of the Road", the speed should not exceed 10 km / h. 3.44. Felling trees to carry out:
If the tree does not give in, you need to find its roots, cut them and then fell the tree. Dumping of dead wood is prohibited. It is forbidden to fell trees with blade blows. 3.45. Uprooting a stump, first of all, it is necessary to loosen it, to break the connection of the root with the earth. Then the blade is deepened under the roots or it rests against the upper part of the stump (below the cut by 20-25 cm) so that the blade does not move up, and the first gear is switched on. 3.46. When machines (bulldozers, graders, rollers, scrapers, etc.) work together, which follow one another, it is necessary to keep a distance between them of at least 20 m. 3.47. When operating machines in winter, in addition to strict adherence to factory instructions, it is necessary:
3.48. In machines intended for operation in mountainous areas, the adjustment and operation of the clutches and brakes must be checked before starting work and before resuming it after various interruptions. Leaving the machine, the driver must brake it and turn off the engine. 3.49. In mountainous areas with steep slopes, the operation of a bulldozer at night is not allowed. 3.50. Transportation of cars is carried out on its own, in tow, on heavy trailers along the streets of cities, towns and roads and must meet the requirements of the Rules of the Road of Ukraine. 3.51. It is allowed to move bulldozers only if they are in full working order after a check inspection with the blade raised. Cars must be in transport position. 3.52. Before transporting machines on heavy trailers, it is necessary to put shoes under the tracks in front and behind the tracks. The working body should be lowered, and the machine should be attached to the platform using braces. 3.53. On steep descents or ascents, when transporting bulldozers on heavy trailers, it is necessary, in addition to the tractor, to use another vehicle that provides additional braking on descents and helps to tow on ascents. It is forbidden to transport cars on a heavy-duty trailer during ice and other adverse road conditions. 4. Safety requirements after finishing work 4.1. After finishing work, the bulldozer operator must put the bulldozer in a specially designated place, turn off the engine, turn off the clutch, put the gear lever in neutral, slow down the machine, and lower the working bodies to the ground. 4.2. In the cold season, it is necessary to drain the water from the bulldozer radiator and let the engine run without water for 2-3 minutes. 4.3. The machine must be cleaned of dust, dirt and inspected, eliminating minor defects. 4.4. Bulldozer mechanisms must be lubricated in accordance with the lubrication map, filled with fuel and lubricants. After that, lubricants and fuel should be stored in a warehouse, and tools and cleaning material should be placed in special boxes. 4.5. The driver must inform the mechanic or the shift worker about all the malfunctions identified during the inspection or operation of the bulldozer and make an entry in the shift acceptance log. 4.6. At the end of the work, the driver must remove the overalls, clean them of dust and other dirt and hang them in the place provided for storage. Then wash your face and hands with warm water and soap or take a shower. 5. Safety requirements in emergency situations 5.1. If suspicious noises, crackling, screeching or other unusual phenomena appear in the engine, hydraulic system, cable-block control or undercarriage of the bulldozer, stop work and take measures to eliminate the malfunction. 5.2. If a leak is detected in the tanks, fuel and oil lines, it should be eliminated immediately. Wipe spills dry. 5.3. Individual parts of the bulldozer and electrical equipment may overheat above normal. If you detect a smell of burning or smoke, you must stop working. 5.4. If the cable breaks, the winch drum must be immediately turned off. If a hose breaks, immediately turn off the pumps and stop the engine. 5.5. If a fire breaks out on or near the bulldozer, the operator must turn off the fuel line valves. Extinguish the flame with a powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, sand, earth, or cover it with a tarp to cut off air access to the fire source. 5.6. If it is not possible to extinguish the fire on your own, you must call the nearest fire brigade by telephone, radio or any other means of communication. 5.7. If the driver, when working on winter road maintenance, gets into meteorological conditions that are dangerous to life and health, he must immediately stop working and report this to the management on the radio. 5.8. In case of accidents, the bulldozer driver must be able to provide the victim with first aid and, in case of emergency, call an ambulance.
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