Instructions on labor protection for a tractor driver and a choker operator on skidding a forest

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Instructions on labor protection for a tractor driver and a choker operator on skidding a forest

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

General labor protection requirements are set out in the instructions "General requirements for labor protection for workers engaged in logging and forestry work".

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. The tractor driver and choker operator must receive an indication from the foreman or foreman on which cutting area to skid the forest. Unauthorized transition to other cutting areas is not allowed,

2.2. The tractor driver must make sure that the tractor units and technological equipment are in good condition, on the operation of which his own safety and the safety of others depend.

2.3. The following are subject to verification: a sound signal, lighting devices, glazing, fastening of technological equipment, serviceability of the rope and chokers. The presence of a fire extinguisher, first aid kit and a thermos with drinking water is also checked.

2.4. Before starting the engine, the tractor operator must make sure that the gearshift and winch drive levers are in the neutral position. When warming up the engine before starting at low air temperatures, care must be taken to avoid fire and burns. Open fire is not allowed. When starting the starting engine, it is forbidden to wind the cord around your hand.

2.5. After starting the engine, the tractor driver must idle all the mechanisms. Faults found, if they cannot be eliminated on their own, should be reported to the mechanic or foreman. It is not allowed to work on a damaged tractor.

2.6. Before driving the tractor, you must:

close the sides of the hood, securing them with locks;
make sure that there are no foreign objects on the tracks, wheels and under the tractor;
make sure that there are no people near the tractor and on the way of its movement;
give a warning signal.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. The employee must perform only the work that is entrusted to him by his immediate supervisor.

3.2. When the tractor is moving without a load, the tractor driver must:

make sure that the shield and the bulldozer blade (pusher) are in the transport position. During long journeys of the tractor, the bulldozer blade must be locked with locking pins in an elevated position;
turn the tractor in places where there are no stumps and other obstacles;
when overcoming obstacles, move only in first gear;
move over fallen trees and logs at a right angle, and through ditches and ditches - at an angle of 15 - 20 °;
when driving on bridges, be guided by road signs installed in front of the bridges;
do not leave the tractor on a slope. In the event of a forced temporary stop of the tractor on a slope, turn on the parking brake or tighten it to failure and lock the clutch control levers with latches, put stops under the tracks, lower the dozer blade to the ground. If the tractor breaks down on a slope, take measures to deliver it to a horizontal section;
when crossing rivers and lakes on ice, check its condition and thickness. Movement on ice of a tractor weighing up to 10 tons is allowed with an ice thickness of at least 400 mm, and with a weight of up to 15 tons - with an ice thickness of less than 500 mm. The ice must have a conchoidal structure; when an acicular structure is formed, movement on ice is prohibited. The distance between moving tractors weighing up to 15 tons must be at least 50 m.

3.3. It is not allowed to work with a bulldozer blade (pusher) for earthworks.

3.4. The work of a skidder is permitted on prepared skid trails. When preparing a skid trail, trees, large stones and deadwood are removed, bushes and undergrowth are cut down, stumps and bumps are cut flush with the ground, pits are filled in, swampy areas are covered, trails are arranged and planned on slopes.

The width of the prepared portage must be at least 5 m. The portage laid along the slope must be 7 m wide.

3.5. Tractor hauling on slopes is allowed within the slope limits specified in the tractor operation manual.

Portages laid across the mountain slope should be horizontal in cross section.

In mountainous conditions, the tractor must be outside the danger zone of independent movement of trees (whips).

3.6. Steep descents and ascents must be overcome only in working range gears; at the same time, it is impossible to turn off the engine, turn off the clutch, make sudden braking and turning.

When driving a tractor with a pack on slopes, gear shifting is prohibited.

3.7. Skidding by a tractor within a radius of 50 m from the place of felling is not allowed. In mountain cutting areas, this distance should be at least:

horizontally (across the slope) - 60 m;
along the slope (to the foot of the mountain):
on slopes up to 15° - 60 m;
on slopes over 15 ° - to the foot of the mountain.

An exception is the organization of hauling trees (whips), when the feller is also a choker. A reliable two-way alarm must be installed between the feller and the tractor driver.

With this method of organizing work, the tractor driver must stop the tractor at the border of the danger zone, give the set signal to the feller, and only upon receipt of the feller's permission to drive into the dangerous felling zone to the place where the bundle of trees (whips) is collected.

3.8. To pull up trees (whiplashes), the tractor must be installed on a portage so that its longitudinal axis coincides with the direction of movement of the pack, and the deviation is no more than 15 °.

To set a pack, the tractor driver must lower the shield, move the tractor back so that the shield crashes into the ground, and then brake the tractor.

When pulling trees (whips), the tractor driver must carefully monitor their movement and the signals of the choker. The recommended signaling is given in table. 1.

Table 1

Note: If the signal is not understood, the tractor driver does not take any action until the signal is repeated by the choker.

3.9. Chokering of trees (whips) must be carried out at a distance of 0,5 - 0,7 m from the butt cut or at a distance of 0,9 - 1,2 m from the end of the top.

3.10. Before starting the movement of a loaded tractor, the tractor driver must turn off the winch drive, tighten the drum brake and unbrake the tracks. Movement of a loaded tractor with the winch drive not turned off and the drum brake not applied is not allowed.

3.11. When driving with a pack, it is necessary to avoid sharp turns and obstacles (high stumps, boulders, pits, etc.).

3.12. The tractor driver is not allowed:

be distracted from their direct duties during work;
open the cab door and lean out the side window while the tractor is moving;
work on a tractor with a faulty signal, and at night - in the absence of sufficient lighting;
work on a tractor in oiled and combustible clothing;
carry out repairs, lubrication, cleaning of tractor units and mechanisms, as well as stand on the caterpillar with the engine running;
move the tractor from a place without giving a sound signal;
turn on the winch and start moving without the choker's signal, without making sure that the choker is in a safe place;
transfer control of the tractor during operation to someone;
switch speeds when the tractor is moving downhill;
to hook the tractor to dead, damp-growing trees and stumps for self-hanging when the caterpillar falls.
3.13. When hauling timber with tractors, a choker operator or an employee performing his functions is not allowed to:
be in a 10-meter danger zone around the formed pack of trees (whips) and the tractor moving with it;
release trees (whips) caught between stumps during movement and with the tractor winch traction rope stretched;
to cross a moving rope, to correct the coupling of trees (whips), to unhook or attach trees (whips) while the rope or tractor is moving;
ride a tractor outside the cab and on skidding trees (whips);
get on the tractor, get off it and lean out of the cab while driving;
unhook trees (whips) until the pack is dropped to the ground and the load rope of the tractor winch is loosened;
during the choker to be on the piedmont side;
choker trees (whips) lying under other trees (whips) or sandwiched between stumps to the traction rope;
be on the side of a pack of trees (whips) during its uncoupling.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. When readings of instruments indicate insufficient oil pressure in the engine or an increased temperature of the coolant, it is necessary to immediately stop the tractor and turn off the engine. Next, you need to identify the malfunction and take measures to eliminate it.

Open the radiator cap to check the coolant level with extreme caution, avoiding burns. First, loosen it by releasing steam, and then remove the cap on the neck. In this case, you need to work only in mittens.

4.2. If it is necessary to eliminate the malfunction that has arisen during operation and maintenance, it is necessary to turn off the tractor engine.

4.3. In the event of a fire, the fire extinguisher in the cab must be used to extinguish the flame.

4.4. If the front door is jammed, it is necessary to squeeze out or knock out the windshield and leave the cab.

4.5. Dragging trees (whips) must be stopped if they rested against the tractor shield, tree, stump. After turning off the winch, loosen the rope and release the hooked trees (whips).

4.6. Work should be stopped during heavy rain, during thunderstorms, heavy snowfall and thick fog (visibility in flat terrain is less than 50 m, in mountainous areas - less than 60 m), in mountain cutting areas - with wind speeds of more than 8,5 m / s.

4.7. The victim or eyewitness must notify the foreman or the appropriate work manager of each accident.

4.8. Each worker must be able to provide first aid. Assistance must be provided immediately at the scene of the incident. The first step is to eliminate the source of injury (turn off the engine, stop the mechanism, remove the victim from under the whip, etc.).

The provision of assistance should begin with the most significant that threatens the health or life of a person: in case of severe bleeding, apply a tourniquet, and then bandage the wound; if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint; with open fractures, you should first bandage the wound, and then apply a splint; for burns, apply a dry bandage; in case of frostbite, gently rub the affected area using soft or fluffy tissues.

If spinal injuries are suspected, the victim can only be transported in the supine position on a rigid base.

After providing first aid, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Upon completion of work, you should:

wind the traction rope on the winch drum;
clean the tractor from dirt;
put the tractor in the place designated for parking;
lower the shield, arch and dozer blade;
slow down the tractor;
disengage the clutch of the tractor winch;
stop the engine;
when parking in cold weather, drain water from the radiator and engine cooling system;
lock the tractor cab.

5.2. The choker must inspect the set of chokers and hand over the defective ones to the master or foreman-mechanic for repair.

5.3. Any deficiencies in the field of labor protection must be reported to the foreman or the relevant work manager.

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