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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Occupational safety instructions for motor grader operators. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection 1. General provisions 1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have a certificate for the right to drive a machine and are recognized as suitable for this work by a medical commission are allowed to operate a motor grader. 1.2. A driver hired must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first-aid to victims, must be familiarized with the working conditions, rights and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, against signature. rules of conduct in case of accidents. Before starting work directly at the workplace, the driver must undergo an initial briefing on safe methods of work. On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Logbook for the registration of introductory briefings on labor protection issues and the Logbook for the registration of briefings on labor protection issues. At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required. 1.3. After initial instruction at the workplace, a motor grader operator must undergo an internship for 2-15 shifts (depending on length of service, experience and the nature of the work) under the guidance of an experienced qualified motor grader operator, who is appointed by order (instruction) of the road organization. 1.4. The motor grader driver must undergo repeated training on the rules and techniques of safe work and labor protection:
1.5. The motor grader operator must work in special clothing and safety shoes provided for by the Standard Industry Standards: cotton overalls, combined two-fingered mittens. In addition, on external robots in winter, wear a cotton jacket and trousers with insulated padding. When performing maintenance and routine repairs of highways, additionally wear a signal vest. The work clothes and safety shoes that the worker receives must be in good working order and appropriate for his height and size. 1.6. It is prohibited to operate a faulty motor grader, as well as one not equipped with a sound or light alarm. 1.7. The motor grader must have a set of tools and a fire extinguisher. The first aid kit should be located in the motor grader cabin. 1.8. The driver must not store fuel, lubricants or other flammable materials on the motor grader. There should be no foreign objects in the motor grader cabin. Control levers must be clean and dry. 1.9. The operator must not leave the motor grader unattended with the engine running. If it is necessary to temporarily leave the motor grader, the driver must turn off the engine, engage the lowest gear and brake the motor grader. When stopping on a slope, special stops must be installed under the wheels. 1.10. The motor grader operator must begin work in the security zone (electrical cable, gas pipeline, etc.) only if he has a permit that determines safe working conditions. If other communications are identified that are not specified in the work permit, work in this area should be stopped until permission to carry out work is obtained. Work directly near live cables must be carried out only under the supervision of engineers and technical workers. 1.11. When working in the dark and in poor visibility, regardless of the lighting of the workplace, the working parts of the motor grader must be illuminated. 1.12. Before transporting a motor grader under its own power, the operator must carefully inspect the motor grader, perform the necessary repair work and bring the working parts of the machine into the transport position. 1.13. When transporting a motor grader on a trailer, the operator is prohibited from being in the motor grader cabin, as well as on the trailer platform. 1.14. It is recommended to refuel the motor grader during the day. Refueling in the evening or at night should be carried out with sufficient electric lighting. It is prohibited to use an open flame source for this purpose. 1.15. To make it easier to start the motor grader engine in winter, liquids with a low freezing point (antifreeze) should be used in the cooling system. Filling the system with antifreeze should only be done using containers specifically designed for this purpose (buckets with a spout, tanks, funnels). Refueling utensils must be labeled "For Antifreeze Only". When filling with antifreeze, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the ingress of petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, etc.) into it, since they lead to foaming of the antifreeze during engine operation. Antifreeze should be poured into the cooling system of the expansion tank not up to the radiator neck, but 10% less than the volume of the cooling system, since during engine operation (when heated) the antifreeze expands, which can lead to its expiration. It is prohibited to transfer antifreeze using a hose by sucking it into your mouth. Wash hands thoroughly with water after handling antifreeze. 1.16. Ethyl gasoline is poisonous and can cause severe poisoning. It is prohibited to use ethyl gasoline as a solution for washing parts, cleaning clothes, lighting and other household needs. When working with ethyl gasoline, wearing special clothing is not allowed to enter the dining room or dining room. 1.17. The motor grader driver must perform the following fire safety measures:
1.18. In the event of a fuel outbreak, it is necessary to shut off the fuel supply to the engine and then take measures to extinguish it. Flared fuel should be extinguished using carbon dioxide or foam fire extinguishers, sand, and earth. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Before starting work, the motor grader operator must put on overalls, check the condition of the machine and eliminate any deficiencies noted, including checking the operation of the engine in different modes, the serviceability of the hinge and hydraulic units, and testing the mechanism for raising and lowering the blade. If you cannot fix the problem yourself, you must report it to a mechanic. 2.2. The motor grader operator must:
2.3. It is forbidden to work on a motor grader if there is a fuel leak in the power system, to start an overheated engine to avoid kickback, and to wrap your thumb around the starting handle when starting the engine. 2.4. The work area must be cleared of trees, stumps, large stones, etc. 2.5. It is prohibited to operate a motor grader with faulty tires or insufficient air pressure. 2.6. Before starting to move the motor grader, you must make sure that it is safe to move, lower the brake handle and warn the surrounding people with an audible signal. It is also necessary to check the operation of each brake and only move the car further if they are working normally. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. During operation, the driver must:
3.2. When two or more graders are working together in one area, following each other, the distance between them must be at least 20 m. 3.3. When carrying out work, the grader operator is prohibited from:
3.4. When operating a motor grader, it is necessary to avoid wheel slipping, as this leads to skidding of the machine and premature wear of the tread. 3.5. When turning the motor grader at the end of a profiled section, as well as on sharp turns, it should move at a minimum speed depending on the technical characteristics of the motor grader (2,7-4,1 km/h). 3.6. The motor grader should be braked smoothly, as strong and sudden braking can cause the machine to skid. 3.7. Leveling the soil on freshly poured embankments with a height of more than 1,5 m must be done under the supervision of a responsible person. The distance between the edge of the roadbed and the outer (along) wheel of the motor grader must be at least 1,0 m, depending on the specific conditions of the work. 3.8. When going downhill, you should drive in first gear. It is prohibited to disengage the clutch and change gears when descending or ascending. 3.9. When opening the radiator cap of an uncooled engine, wear gloves, standing on the windward side as far as possible from the radiator neck. 4. Safety requirements for the maintenance and repair of a motor grader 4.1. A driver who knows the rules for safe maintenance and repair work is allowed to carry out maintenance and repair of motor graders. 4.2. Maintenance and repairs should be performed only in specially designated areas, on a level area, where the stability of the motor grader and good lighting of all components and parts of the machine are ensured. It is necessary to use devices and devices that make it possible to conveniently and safely approach the components and parts being serviced (overpass, ditch, lift), and use a set of special tools and devices. There should be no foreign objects at the repair site. Working with a faulty tool is not allowed. 4.3. Before performing maintenance or work related to repairing the motor grader, it is necessary to stop the engine, pull the hand brake lever and install wheel chocks; the engine must be stopped, except for cases of adjusting it and checking the operation of the control mechanisms of the working bodies. The working bodies must be lowered to the lowest position and installed on supports. 4.4. When maintaining hydraulic systems, it is necessary to ensure that the pressure in the system does not exceed the value established in the passport. It is not allowed to adjust hydraulic system warning valves, sealed valves, devices and components before the end of their warranty period. Adjustments must be made under the supervision of a mechanic. 4.5. When installing and dismantling robots, it is necessary to take measures against falling parts, assemblies, and tools. During operation, it is prohibited to leave the tool on the working parts, steps and other parts of the machine. 4.6. The driver must check the motor grader that has been repaired at idle and under load, and only then begin work. 4.7. If during repairs you need to remove the wheels, then you need to stop the engine, brake the car, put inventory stands - stops (shoes) under the front and rear wheels. It is forbidden to carry out any work on the machine with the wheels removed, hung out only on jacks. It is prohibited to place wheel disks, boards, bricks or other objects under a suspended motor grader. 4.8. It is prohibited to carry out welding and soldering work directly on the motor grader, except in cases where it is not possible to remove the part that requires repair. 4.9. The motor grader operator must be able to correctly use fire-fighting equipment. 4.10. In the parking and maintenance areas of the motor grader, the driver is prohibited from smoking, using open fire, leaving fuel tanks open, charging batteries, storing fuel and empty fuel containers. Spilled fuel, lubricating oil and used cleaning material must be cleaned up immediately. 5. Safety requirements after finishing work 5.1. After finishing work, the driver must:
5.2. It is prohibited to leave the motor grader in public passages, in fire passages, against entrance roads, near bridge entrances, or at railway crossings. 5.3. After finishing work, you should take off your overalls, hang them in a specially designated place, wash your hands and face with soap or take a shower. 5.4. Do not wash your hands in lubricating oil, gasoline, kerosene or wipe them with rags. 6. Safety requirements in emergency situations 6.1. If a malfunction occurs in a motor grader that threatens traffic safety and the preservation of the machine, the driver must take measures to eliminate the malfunction. 6.2. In the event of a fuel fire, first of all, you need to turn off the fuel valve, stop the engine, open the hood and direct a stream of foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher at the source of combustion. If you don’t have a fire extinguisher, you should throw on a tarpaulin, felt or other thick fabric (in extreme cases, a wadded jacket) or throw sand at the burning area, but do not extinguish the ignited fuel with water. 6.3. If the hoses break, turn off the pump and stop the motor grader. 6.4. If a driver, while working on winter road maintenance, encounters meteorological conditions that are dangerous to life and health, he must immediately stop work and report this to the administration by radio. 6.5. In case of accidents, the motor grader driver must be able to provide first aid to the victim and inform the administration.
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