Occupational safety instructions for planting dangerous trees

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Occupational safety instructions for planting dangerous trees

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. Landing dangerous trees, as a rule, should be carried out by a team or link consisting of at least two people (a feller and a lumberjack), of which one is a senior.

1.2. Employees must be trained in safe work practices and undergo safety briefing in the scope of this manual.

1.3. A feller with a lumberjack should be equipped with two chainsaws, an ax, a portable winch or a rope (rope) 35 m long, a felling fork with a pole 4,5 - 5,5 m long. (link) should be a skidding factor.

1.4. For felling dangerous trees, the use of a hydraulic wedge, wedges and felling blades is not allowed.

Work on landing dangerous trees of one feller without a lumberjack is prohibited.

1.5. Landing dangerous trees is carried out before the development of cutting areas in a snowless period or with a snow depth of no more than 30 cm.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Get an order from the foreman or other manager on which site or cutting area to work. Unauthorized transition to another cutting area or site is not allowed.

2.2. Check the condition of aids and tools. If problems are found, take corrective action. It is not allowed to work with faulty aids and tools.

2.3. Get acquainted with the foreman with the volume and nature of the work performed by walking around the cutting area or its section, using the sights prepared during the removal of the cutting area and looking at the trees on the right and left. Special sights for these purposes are not laid.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. The employee must perform only the work that is entrusted to him by his immediate supervisor.

3.2. Cleaning trees consists in their felling (landing). The landing of dangerous trees should be started in areas with good approaches or adjacent to roads, clearings, sights, developing successively tape by tape. The width of the tapes is taken by the feller independently, depending on the specific conditions, but not more than the distance at which the presence of dangerous trees is visually visible.

3.3. When preparing cutting sites, all dangerous trees are removed: dead, hung, wind-fallen, windbreak, "broken", rotten trees, in which rot comes to the surface of the trunk and occupies at least half of its circumference.

Dead trees are dangerous when their small branches have fallen off and the bark has peeled off.

Hanging trees, regardless of the reasons for hanging, are considered dangerous in all cases.

Wind trees are considered dangerous when the tree is upside down but the top is not on the ground.

Windbreak trees are considered dangerous if the broken off upper part is not completely separated from the standing butt part.

"Scramblers", both dry and healthy, in all cases are dangerous and must be landed.

3.4. Landing dangerous trees should be carried out in the gaps between neighboring trees, if possible in the direction of the future skid trails. The distance between the crowns of neighboring trees growing in front of the cut tree is taken as the clearance. The clearance must be at least the width of that part of the crown (if any) that, when the sawn tree lands, will fall into this clearance.

3.5. Each tree must be carefully inspected before felling, paying attention to the location of rot, dry branches, the slope of the tree, and check for stability with a felling fork. Before testing for stability, it is not allowed to go under the crown of the tree.

3.6. Hanging branches and tops must be removed with a felling fork or pole, being on the side of the tree where there are no hanging branches. If it is impossible to remove the branches and tops, it is necessary to fell the tree in compliance with the precautionary measures; when felling, the feller with the lumberjack should be on the opposite side with respect to the hanging branches or the top. At the slightest sign of falling hanging branches or peaks, you must immediately stop sawing and move away along a previously prepared path.

3.7. Of two or more dangerous trees in the neighborhood, those that pose the greatest danger are to be felled first.

3.8. Felling "broken" is carried out in the same way as free-standing growing trees.

3.9. Hanging trees that do not require much effort are removed using a gate. One end of the rope or rope is attached to the butt of the tree being removed, the other to the end of the lever. The lever is brought in behind a healthy growing tree at a distance of 10 - 15 m from the one being removed and rotated around the trunk. The tree is pulled along the axis of its hanging or at an angle of 90 °.

3.10. To fasten a hand winch when removing a hung turf, it is necessary to use a growing tree with a diameter of 24 - 32 cm with a healthy trunk and a strong root system at a distance of 10 - 15 m from the butt of the tree being removed.

3.11. To create a significant effort to remove a hanging tree, the crown of which is intertwined with the crown of a growing one, and in other similar cases, a skidder with choker equipment should be used. The butt of the tree is hooked with a choker, the tractor drives off to the length of the traction rope and pulls the tree with a winch along the hovering axis or at an angle of 90 °.

If a hung tree has a broken tree at a low height that has not separated from the stump, it is also hooked with a choker, a cut and cut are made at the break point on the sides, leaving a gap of 4-6 cm, and then the tree is pulled off.

3.12. Trees that are broken at a significant (more than 1 m) height from the ground, the top part of which is hung on another tree, must be removed, first separating the hung part from the standing butt with a winch or tractor. If this fails, then a skidder choker is attached to the butt part, the tractor is placed at an angle of 90 ° to the longitudinal axis of the top part and the rope is pulled. Then, from the side of the stretched rope in the butt part, a notch is made with a depth of up to 1/2 of the diameter, and on the reverse side, a cut with a half-cut 4–6 cm wide is made, after which a tree is landed using a tractor.

In the same way, hung trees with a twisted root system are treated, the landing of which by the pulling force of the tractor winch without felling is impossible due to the root system remaining in the ground.

3.13. The removal of several trees that are hanging on none is carried out in the following sequence: the tree located at the top is removed first, then the one on which the first relied, and so on.

Of two or more nearby inclined and sour trees, the one that is easier to land is removed first.

3.14. Felling of windfall trees with a partially twisted root system and a top that does not lie on the ground is carried out in the direction of their inclination. It is allowed to cut down tilted, broken, split free-standing trees only after preliminary tying the trunk in its lower part with a chain, rope or rope (4-5 turns) and driving a wedge for tying. The sawing of such trees is carried out to a depth of up to 1/2 of the diameter at the place of cutting.

3.15. A skidder blade or bulldozer blade should be used to harvest heavily slanted, uprooted windthrow trees that do not have their tops on the ground.

Windfall trees lying on the ground are left in place.

3.16. It is forbidden to saw off blocks from the butt of a hung tree, to cut snagged branches on which the tree hung, to cut the roots, purse or stump of a hung tree.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. Landing dangerous trees should be stopped when a violation of the 50-meter danger zone is detected, as well as during heavy rain, thunderstorms, heavy snowfall, thick fog (visibility less than 50 m) and wind speeds over 8,5 m/s.

4.2. When clamping the saw unit in the groove, turn off the engine and only then release the saw unit.

4.3. If it is necessary to eliminate the malfunction that has arisen during operation and maintenance of the gasoline-powered saw, it is necessary to turn off the engine.

4.4. The victim or eyewitness must notify the foreman or the appropriate work manager of each accident.

4.5. Each worker must be able to provide first aid. Assistance must be provided immediately at the scene of the incident. The first step is to eliminate the source of injury (turn off the engine, stop the mechanism, remove the victim from under the whip, etc.). The provision of assistance should begin with the most significant that threatens the health or life of a person: in case of severe bleeding, apply a tourniquet, and then bandage the wound; if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint; with open fractures, you should first bandage the wound, and then apply a splint; for burns, apply a dry bandage; in case of frostbite, gently rub the affected area using soft or fluffy tissues.

If spinal injuries are suspected, the victim can only be transported in the supine position on a rigid base.

After providing first aid, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Upon completion of work, you should:

clean the motor tool from dirt, sawdust and debris;
remove the saw chain, rinse and put in an oil bath;
wash the air filter of the carburetor and clean the mesh of the air fan of the gasoline-powered saw;
put the petrol-powered saw in the place intended for storage.

5.2. The lumberjack must clean off the dirt and remove the auxiliary tool.

5.3. Any deficiencies in the field of labor protection must be reported to the foreman or the relevant work manager.

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