Labor protection instruction for an excavator driver

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Labor protection instruction for excavator operator. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. Persons who have reached the age of 18, have a certificate for the right to operate an excavator and are recognized as fit for this work by a medical commission are allowed to drive an excavator.

1.2. An excavator driver who is hired must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first aid to victims, must be familiarized with the working conditions, rules and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, rules of conduct in case of accidents.

Before starting work directly at the workplace, the excavator operator must undergo an initial briefing on safe work methods.

On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Journal of introductory briefing on labor protection issues and the Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues. At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required.

1.3. The excavator driver after the initial briefing at the workplace must undergo an internship for 2-15 shifts (depending on length of service, experience and nature of work) under the guidance of an experienced qualified excavator driver, who is appointed by order (order) for the enterprise.

1.4. Repeated briefing on the rules and methods of safe work and labor protection, the excavator operator must undergo:

periodically, at least once a quarter;
with unsatisfactory knowledge of labor protection no later than a month;
in connection with an admitted case of injury or violation of labor protection requirements that did not lead to injury.

1.5. The excavator driver must work in overalls provided for by the Model Industry Standards: cotton semi-overalls, combined mittens. On external robots in winter - a jacket and cotton trousers with insulated lining, felt boots. Overalls must be serviceable and appropriate for height and size.

1.6. The excavator driver can start work only on the machine assigned to him.

It is forbidden to work on loose machines or machines assigned to other drivers, without a special order (written order).

1.7. The excavator must be equipped with a first aid kit and a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.

1.8. Cab working platform, controls and devices must be dry, clean and free from foreign objects.

1.9. An excavator driver can start working in a protected area (electric cable, gas pipeline, etc.) only if there is a work permit that determines safe working conditions.

1.10. The work and movement of excavators near a live power line must be carried out under the direct supervision of an engineering and technical worker.

1.11. It is forbidden to operate an excavator directly under the wires of operating overhead power lines of any voltage without a work permit.

1.12. It is allowed to cross the railway tracks only on solid flooring and in places specially designed for crossing, while strictly adhering to warning signs.

1.13. Before driving on bridges, you must first check the load capacity of the bridge (according to road signs) and make sure that its condition guarantees safe passage.

The speed of the excavator on the roads when moving under its own power should not exceed the specified technical specification.

1.14. The lowering or lifting of the excavator at an angle of inclination of the terrain greater than that established by the passport data must be carried out using a tractor or a winch in the presence of a mechanic.

1.15. If it is necessary to stop the excavator on the carriageway during the day, it should be fenced with an emergency stop sign, and at night or in case of poor visibility - with a barrier fence with a red flashing light installed at a distance of at least 20 m to the excavator in populated areas and 40 m - outside the populated area.

1.16. During the transportation of the excavator on a heavy-duty trailer, the excavator driver is prohibited from being in the excavator cab, as well as on the platform of this trailer.

1.17. When transporting the excavator, in order to avoid its arbitrary movement on the platform of the heavy trailer, the excavator must be securely fastened.

The turntable must be installed along the axis of movement of the excavator with the boom forward and locked.

1.18. The excavator operator must perform the following fire safety measures:

do not smoke or use open flames near the excavator;
do not scatter over the territory and do not leave oiled tow and rags in the cab, on the engine and other parts of the excavator;
do not work in clothes doused with fuels and lubricants;
do not transport flammable substances in the cab or on any other parts of the excavator;
cleaning materials should be stored in special metal boxes with tight-fitting lids;
spilled fuel or lubricating oil must be cleaned up immediately;
close the necks of the fuel tanks with metal plugs.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, it is necessary to put on overalls, check the serviceability of the alarm and electric lighting systems, the availability and serviceability of the necessary tools.

2.2. Before starting work, the excavator operator must check:

serviceability of the cable-block or hydraulic system;
the presence of oil in the engine crankcase, as well as fuel in the fuel tank;
serviceability of power supply cables;
the presence of fluid in the hydraulic system;
serviceability of units and mechanisms;
engine operation;
serviceability of protective equipment and warning devices.

The excavator driver must eliminate all noticed shortcomings on his own, and if this cannot be done, report to the mechanic.

2.3. Before starting work or when moving the excavator, the driver must give a sound signal.

2.4. Work on an excavator in the cold season is allowed after cleaning the working bodies and running gear from ice and frozen soil.

2.5. To facilitate starting the engine in winter, fluids with a low freezing point (antifreeze) should be used in the cooling system.

2.6. Refueling the cooling system of the excavator engine should be carried out only with the help of dishes specially designed for this purpose (buckets with a spout, tanks, funnels). Refueling utensils must be cleaned of solid deposits, plaque and rust, washed with an alkaline solution and steamed. Refueling utensils must be labeled: "For antifreeze only".

When filling with antifreeze, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the ingress of petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, etc.) into it, since they lead to foaming of the antifreeze during engine operation.

2.7. Pour antifreeze into the cooling system without an expansion tank should not be up to the radiator neck, but 10% less than the volume of the cooling system, since during engine operation (when heated), antifreeze expands more than water, which can lead to its outflow.

Transfusion of antifreeze with a hose by sucking it in your mouth is prohibited.

Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling antifreeze.

2.8. The distance between the face and the nearest part of the excavator (with the exception of the working body) in any of its positions must be at least 1 m.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The excavator driver does not have the right to allow unauthorized persons within the range of the excavator plus 5 m.

3.2. The excavator driver and assistant driver must not leave the excavator even for a short time without warning each other.

The assistant driver does not have the right to independently operate the excavator.

3.3. The movement of the excavator must be carried out at the signal of the assistant driver, while constant visibility must be ensured between the driver of the excavator and his assistant.

3.4. During the operation of the excavator, the driver must carefully monitor the working bodies of the machine.

Do not leave the car with the engine running unattended.

3.5. Prior to the start of excavation, the excavator operator must check the condition of the pit (face), paying particular attention to the height and angle of the slope, the absence of a "visor", the condition of the bottom of the ledge, the flooding of the soil and its tendency to slip or collapse, the location of the excavator relative to the ledge and the location of the vehicles.

3.6. Loading of soil, crushed stone into vehicles must be carried out only from the side of the rear or side boards after a signal that the vehicle is ready for loading.

3.7. To supply vehicles for loading and for the departure of loaded vehicles, the excavator driver must give a sound signal.

3.8. When running a dragline:

prevent significant deviations of the bucket from the direction of the projection of the longitudinal axis of the boom (which can occur when throwing the bucket on a turn);
bypass the obstacles that arose in the way of the bucket when it was filled, or take measures to eliminate them;
have a safety device that prevents the bucket from overlifting.

3.9. In the event of a threat of collapse or sliding of the ledge during the operation of the excavator, immediately stop work and take the excavator to a safe place.

There must always be a free passage for the excavator to exit.

Work can only be started again after obtaining permission from the engineer responsible for the work.

3.10. It is forbidden for people to stay in the zone of spreading of the breast when loosening the frozen soil with percussion baking powder (wedge-hammer). The window of the control cabin must be protected by a metal mesh.

3.11. During the movement of the excavator, the boom must be installed in the direction of movement of the excavator, and the bucket is raised above the ground by 0,5-0,7 m. The turntable must be suspended. It is forbidden to move the excavator with a loaded bucket.

3.12. During operation, the excavator must be installed on a planned site and, in order to avoid arbitrary movement, be fixed with inventory stops. If the machine has a track stop, it should be on.

3.13. During operation, the excavator operator must:

in order to avoid overturning of the excavator, do not allow excessive cutting of the bucket into the ground;
start turning the boom for unloading only after the bucket leaves the ground;
brake at the end of the turn with a full bucket smoothly, without sharp shocks;
when developing difficult soils, do not extend the handle to failure;
when lifting the bucket, do not allow the bucket block to rest against the boom block;
lowering the bucket, do not give the handle a pressure movement;
monitor the correct winding of the ropes on the winch drums, preventing them from crossing. It is forbidden to guide the ropes by hand.

3.14. When the excavator is in operation, it is prohibited:

get off the excavator on the go and climb it;
lubricate, repair, adjust, inspect the mechanisms of the excavator if the engine is running;
change the reach of the boom with a raised filled bucket;
pull loads with an arrow;
work at night with faulty electric lighting.

3.15. In order not to damage the excavator, it is necessary to avoid over-tensioning of the units and mechanisms of the machine, impacts (by the bucket on the tracks, the bottom of the bucket against the side of the vehicle), as well as the free fall of the bucket to the ground.

3.16. The boom must not be allowed to be lifted by the bucket block or excessive pressure force, as this weakens the boom suspension cables, and when the bucket reverses, a strong jerk occurs, which can cause the suspension to break or break the boom.

3.17. Avoid loosening the hoist rope when lowering the bucket to the ground, as the next pull on the hoist rope may hit or snag on any part of the excavator.

3.18. Do not operate the slewing mechanism until the bucket is out of the face or lowered to the ground in front of the excavator, as this may break the boom handle.

3.19. When operating an excavator with an electric power plant, the following requirements must be observed:

there must be a dielectric mat on the cabin floor near the knife switch;
all conductive parts of electric motors must be protected from precipitation, foreign metal objects that can cause a short circuit;
the electric motor and the body of the excavator must be grounded;
in case of excessive heating of the electric motors, poor supply of lubricating oil and sparks on slip rings, stop the operation of the excavator and call an electrician to eliminate the malfunction;
The electrical cable must be properly insulated.

Part of the cable (no more than 15 m), which is directly adjacent to the excavator, is laid on the ground, the rest of the cable is hung on wooden goats.

3.20. It is forbidden to touch electrical equipment or penetrate the fence without turning off the corresponding section of the circuit.

3.21. It is allowed to remove, install and rearrange the fuses in goggles and dielectric gloves, standing on a rubber mat, and only after turning off the current.

3.22. It is forbidden to carry the excavator bucket over people and over the driver's cab.

3.24. Vehicles should be loaded, evenly distributing the load over the entire area of the body.

4. Safety requirements for maintenance and repair of the excavator

4.1. Maintenance of the excavator may only be carried out after it has stopped, while the engine must be turned off, and all moving and running parts of the excavator must be locked.

4.2. Maintenance and repair of the excavator should be carried out on flat areas cleared of foreign objects, where the stability of the excavator is ensured, good lighting of all units and parts of the machine. Illumination must be at least 50 lux.

It is necessary to take measures against arbitrary movement of the excavator, for which it is necessary to put stops (shoes) under the tracks or wheels.

4.3. Lifting equipment and devices (hoists, chain hoists, jacks, etc.) must be inspected before use to make sure that they are in good condition. Any device must be marked with its load capacity.

4.4. Tali, jacks, which are used for repairs, must be securely installed (suspended) and secured.

4.5. Cages made of wooden sleepers or beams to accommodate heavy parts (swivel frames, arrows, etc.) must be carefully made, and the sleepers and beams are fastened together with metal brackets.

4.6. Do not leave heavy parts (assemblies) in an unstable position.

4.7. During maintenance of hydraulic systems, it is necessary to ensure that the pressure in the system does not exceed the pressure specified in the passport. It is not allowed to adjust the safety valves of hydraulic systems, as well as other sealed valves, devices and assemblies until the end of their warranty period. Regulation is carried out under the supervision of a mechanic.

4.8. In order to avoid burns when the diesel engine is overheated, the radiator filler cap is removed in gloves, and the face is kept as far away from the neck as possible.

4.9. When testing hydraulic systems, it is forbidden to be near high-pressure hoses.

4.10. When servicing lead-acid batteries, the vents in the plugs must be cleaned periodically. Avoid getting acid and electrolyte on the body or clothing. Wash hands and face thoroughly with soap and warm water after handling batteries.

5. Safety requirements after finishing work

5.1. After finishing work, the excavator operator must:

turn the excavator so that the bucket is moved away from the face wall;
turn the boom along the axis of the excavator, put the excavator in the allotted place, lower the bucket to the ground, brake the machine;
clean the car, lubricate, refuel with fuel and lubricants, while not smoking and not starting a fire nearby;
take off overalls, clean them of dust and other dirt and hang them in the place provided for storage and change clothes. Wash face and hands with soap and water.

5.2. At the end of the work, the electric excavator must be completely disconnected from the power supply, and all circuit breakers and cabinets with electrical equipment must be securely locked.

6. Safety requirements in emergency situations

6.1. The excavator operator must immediately stop work and take corrective action if suspicious noises, crackling, screeching or other unusual sounds appear in the engine, hydraulic system, cable and pulley control or the undercarriage of the excavator.

6.2. If during operation the excavator bucket is stuck in the raised position for some reason, measures must be taken to remove it from this position, and then lower it to the ground and eliminate the cause of the stopper. If the bucket cannot be released from the locked position, stop work and call a mechanic.

6.3. If cracks are found in welds and on the whole metal of steel structures (handles, booms, turntable, lower frame), it is necessary to stop work until the identified defects are eliminated.

6.4. If the cable breaks, the winch drum must be immediately turned off. If the hose breaks, turn off the pump and stop the engine.

6.5. Separate parts of the excavator and electrical equipment may overheat above the norm. If you smell burning or smoke, you must stop work, turn off the engine or electrical equipment and inform the mechanic.

6.6. It is impossible to extinguish the wiring or electric cable that has ignited without turning off the voltage.

6.7. It is forbidden to be in the cab of the excavator or near it during a thunderstorm.

6.8. In the event of the appearance of exhaust gases from the engine in the closed cab of the excavator, you must immediately open the cab, turn off the engine and check the tightness of all exhaust pipe connections.

6.9. In case of poisoning with poisonous gases, immediately remove the victim to fresh air. With a noticeable weakening of breathing, artificial respiration is necessary.

6.10. If a leak is detected in tanks, fuel lines, it should be eliminated immediately. Wipe spills dry.

6.11. If fuel flared up, it is necessary to shut off the fuel supply to the engine, and then take measures to extinguish it.

It is forbidden to extinguish burning fuels and lubricants with water. To do this, use powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, sand or earth, tarpaulin.

6.12. In case of accidents, the excavator driver must be able to provide the victim with first aid, and in case of emergency, call an ambulance and inform the administration.

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