Which river - the Volga or the Kama - should be considered a tributary from a scientific point of view? Detailed answer

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Which river - the Volga or the Kama - should be considered a tributary from a scientific point of view? Detailed answer

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Which river - the Volga or the Kama - should be considered a tributary from a scientific point of view?

The Volga is slightly larger than the Kama in terms of catchment area to the point of their confluence, but the Kama is longer and has a large water discharge. Studies of river silt deposits show that the Kama is much older than the Volga and itself flowed into the Caspian Sea. Even from the photographs of the area it is clear that the Volga after the confluence changes the direction of the flow by 90 °, but the Kama would not change. Therefore, according to the totality of hydrological features, it is the Volga that is a tributary of the Kama, however, the historical role of the Volga as a unifying factor of the Russian lands leaves primacy behind it.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Who invented scuba gear?

People have always been curious about what is happening under water, in the underwater world, and tried to get there. But how to get a supply of air to breathe underwater? It was quite difficult. Two problems had to be solved: the difficulty of moving in water and the problem of constant pressure changes in the underwater world. Diving with a supply of air could only be done by very trained people, dressed in complex bulky, deep-sea suits with helmets that were under air pressure.

In 1943, Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invented the scuba gear. He allowed to discover the secrets of the underwater world. With this equipment, the diver could stay underwater for a long time. The supply of air, compressed under pressure, is contained in cylinders that are mounted on the back of the swimmer.

Breathing in an underwater swimmer is as natural as on the surface. The regulator mounted on the cylinder supplies air at the same pressure as at the depth at which the scuba diver is. There is a valve for this. The only thing a diver has to do to get oxygen is to take a breath. Scuba will give him a portion of air under the necessary pressure, depending on how deep he is. After the invention of scuba diving, scuba diving has spread widely throughout the world.

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