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Instructions on labor protection for the driver of a loading machine, a car loader. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General provisions

1.1. Only persons 18 years of age or older with a license to operate a forklift are allowed to operate a forklift.

1.2. The driver who is hired must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first aid to victims, must be familiarized with the working conditions, rights and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, against signature, with rules of conduct in the event of an accident.

Before starting work, directly at the workplace, the driver must undergo an initial briefing on safe methods of work.

Appropriate entries are made about the introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace in the Registration Log for introductory briefings on labor protection issues and the Register for registration of briefings on labor protection issues.

At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are mandatory.

1.3. When performing work with a truck loader near power lines, the driver must be issued a "work permit for the performance of work of increased danger", which indicates the time (period) of work, place, conditions for their performance.

1.4. The operation of a truck loader near power lines under voltage is allowed under the direct supervision of an engineering and technical worker and provided that the distance in the air between the extreme point and the nearest wire of the power line is not less than the distances given in Table. 1.

Table 1

If it is impossible to comply with the specified conditions, power lines can be de-energized for the entire period of work.

1.5. The driver of a truck loader must perform work in overalls.

Overalls must be wearable and correspond to the size and height of the driver. It is forbidden to work in clothes impregnated with fuels and lubricants.

1.6. The technical condition of the truck loader must guarantee the safety of its operation. The loader can be equipped with sound and light alarms, first aid kit, fire extinguishing equipment.

1.7. The driver's cab, controls and instruments must be clean, dry and free from foreign objects. Do not store oily or combustible wiping materials, gasoline, kerosene or other flammable substances on the loader.

1.8. It is allowed to refuel the loader only mechanically, during daylight hours or at other times with sufficient electric lighting.

1.9. To facilitate starting the engine in winter, the cooling system should use liquids with a low freezing point (antifreeze), which must be filled using a special pump.

When using antifreeze in the cooling system, the driver must adhere to the safety requirements in accordance with DNAOP 0.00-1.28-97. Rules on labor protection in motor transport.

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling antifreeze.

1.10. When servicing the forklift to prevent burns (frostbite) of hands with steam or hot water (antifreeze), which are ejected from the radiator when the engine overheats, the radiator cap should be removed with gloves on, standing on the windward side.

1.11. When hauling a forklift through the streets of settlements and highways, it is necessary to comply with the Rules of the Road of Ukraine.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, put on special clothing and footwear provided for by the Model Industry Standards: cotton overalls, rubber boots, combined gloves.

For outdoor work in winter: a jacket and cotton trousers with insulated lining, felt boots.

2.2. Familiarize yourself with the technology and scope of work, the terrain and features of the site on which you will have to work.

2.3. When preparing the lift truck for departure, check:

• the technical condition of the forklift, paying attention to the serviceability of the brake system, power steering, engine, gearboxes, hydraulic system (if there are any leaks in the cylinders and hoses), lighting and signaling devices, the correct installation of the rear-view mirror;
• tire pressure.

2.4. Verify that the lift carriage and tilt mechanisms are properly adjusted.

Troubleshoot found.

2.5. The territory of the site intended for loading and unloading operations with a forklift must be free from foreign objects, planned, lit and have a sufficiently hard surface designed to receive goods.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Before starting the movement, the driver must make sure that the passage in the working area is free from unauthorized people, give a warning sound signal.

3.2. In the area of ​​operation of the forklift, there should not be paths for manual transfer and transportation of goods, footpaths, underground technological pipelines, power lines.

3.3. At the intersection of access roads with ditches, trenches, railway tracks, bridges or decks are arranged.

3.4. When moving artificial bulky goods or technological equipment with a forklift, the engineering and technical worker who manages the robots is assigned a slinger, and, if necessary, a signalman.

3.5. Loads that obscure the path of the forklift must be accompanied by a signalman. The signalman must be at a safe distance from the load being moved and have visual or radio contact with the driver.

3.6. Materials that are loaded into the bucket must be loaded in such a way that the possibility of their falling is excluded.

3.7. It is not allowed to inflate the tires if there are people near the wheel on the side of the removable bead ring, as the bead ring can break off and cause an accident. It is necessary to inflate the tire in the field with a removable bead ring downwards, and in stationary conditions - by placing it in a special metal frame.

3.8. There must be no leaks from the fuel and oil lines, all parts of the forklift must be cleaned and wiped from fuel and fuel leaks.

3.9. Unloading of goods on the edge of the slope of the pit (trench) is carried out only with the permission of the foreman or superintendent after checking the stability of the soil. At the same time, in order to guarantee the safety of workers, the distance from the edge of the slope to the loads that are stacked must be at least 1 m.

3.10. When loading or unloading dusty goods, the driver must wear dust goggles and a respirator. The respirator filter is changed as it gets dirty, but at least once per shift.

3.11. When lifting and moving, the load can evenly rest on the "legs", its width can go beyond the "legs" by no more than 1/3 of their length. Loads that are in an unstable position on the grips should be tied with chains or ropes.

3.12. Loads close in weight to the maximum load capacity are lifted to the minimum height and in this position are transported at minimum speed.

3.13. On forklifts with rear steerable wheels, the operator's response to a change in direction of travel is slightly behind, which must be taken into account when driving a forklift.

3.14. Before starting the movement, the angle of rotation of the steered wheels should be within 30-40 °, since failure to comply with this requirement may cause damage to the rear suspension.

3.15. When moving, the forklift should be installed in the transport position, for this its frame is completely tilted back, and the load gripping device (fork, bucket, jaw gripper) or the transported goods rise to a height of 0,3-0,4 m.

3.16. If an obstacle is encountered on the way of movement, lifting long loads (boards, logs, rolled products) to the required height and short-term movement are allowed at a minimum speed, then the load is lowered to the initial transport position. Lifting and lowering the load while driving is prohibited.

3.17. When working with a bucket, the forklift truck should be stopped at a distance of 3-4 m from a pile of bulk materials, the forklift frame should be tilted forward, and the bucket bottom plane should be set parallel to the ground surface.

Acceleration is carried out in first gear, at the moment of contact, the clutch is disengaged and the plunge is carried out due to the inertia of the loader.

3.18. When loading vehicles, the bucket rises to a height of 0,5-0,7 m above the upper edge of the side and moves forward into the body.

3.19. When working on forklifts with a hydraulic drive of the working bodies, it must be borne in mind that when the working body is moved to the extreme positions (to the stop), the maximum pressure is created in the hydraulic system, to which the warning valve is adjusted, and therefore the distributor should be installed so as to exclude the approach working body to the extreme position.

3.20. The forklift operator must:

• lift the load carefully, without jerking, gradually increasing the engine speed;
• make sure that when lifting the load, the forklift frame is in a vertical position or slightly tilted back;
• be careful not to allow a sharp movement of the frame tilt cylinder control lever when changing the position of the forklift with a raised load;
• move large loads only at the signal of the signalman, and such loads must be firmly fixed on the forks or tied to the carriage;
• when passing through the gate, as well as when turning and in places of concentration of people, give an audible signal and reduce the speed to the minimum.

3.21. It is allowed to transport heavy and long loads with two paired forklifts only under the supervision of a foreman or foreman, subject to the following requirements:

• the road must be of appropriate width and not have bumps;
• the speed of the forklift must not exceed 5 km/h;
• the load must be evenly distributed on the forks of both forklifts;
• loading, unloading and movement of such goods is carried out in the daytime;
• in case of loss of stability by the forklift (separation of the rear wheels from the ground), the loads must be lowered immediately.

3.22. When working with a crane boom, the driver must:

• make sure that the slings do not have knots and are correctly applied to the load;
• lower the load on linings that provide free removal of chains or slings;
• check the reliability of the connection of the ends of the steel rope with the load hook;
• inspect the fastening of the boom on the forklift carriage;
• prevent the load from rolling out during lifting and transportation, especially long ones; the load should be restrained with rope braces or special hooks;
• make sure that there are no people under the goods being transported by the forklift;
• in case of lifting a load, the weight of which is approaching the maximum load capacity, it is necessary to first lift the load to a height of 0,2-0,25 m in order to check the stability of the forklift, and then, having raised it to the required height, move;
• make sure that between the load that is being lifted and the wall, stack, railway car, etc. there were no people (including those who carry out slinging).

3.23. During work it is forbidden:

• allow people not appointed by the head of work to sling or tie loads;
• lift loads in an unstable position, in a faulty container;
• lift a load whose weight is unknown or exceeds the capacity of the forklift;
• lift the carriage with the load while the forklift is moving;
• allow sharp turns of a forklift truck with a load;
• lift package loads without special devices that exclude the possibility of falling individual items;
• lower the load onto electric cables, gas or steam pipelines, as well as onto temporary ceilings;
• load and transport cylinders with compressed gases, acids in glass containers and other poisonous and scalding liquids;
• work on freshly poured soil or near slopes and unreinforced trenches and pits. Work with a forklift at a distance of less than 1 m from the edge of the slope (working near reinforced trenches and pits is allowed only with the permission of the superintendent or foreman after checking the stability of the soil for shear);
• stand on the load that is being lifted, transport people on the cargo platform and lift them on working devices (forks, buckets, etc.) to perform installation work at a height;
• use the working body of the loader to release loads covered with earth, snow, structures or equipment, bolted or filled with concrete;
• leave the forklift truck with the engine running and leave the cab with the load or working body raised;
• stack loads with a crane directly on the forks of a forklift;
• people to be under the load that holds the working equipment;
• use used, faulty load gripping devices that do not have a brand or tag, as well as those with expired test dates;
• leave the key in the ignition when the forklift is parked;
• fill tanks with fuel while the engine is running;
• work on a machine in which sparking or heating of electrical wires is detected;
• it is forbidden for the driver to stay in the danger zone - under the lifting mechanism (carriage with forks) - without prior fixing it by establishing a reliable stop, which excludes the possibility of arbitrary lowering of the mechanism.

3.24. The water level in the radiator and the fuel in the fuel tanks can be checked after about 0,5 hour has passed since the engine was stopped, since water and lubricating oil are under pressure and can burn the face and hands when opening the plugs.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. After finishing work, put the forklift in a specially designated place, brake the machine, lower the working body to the ground or special stands, turn off the fuel supply valves, shift the gear lever to neutral, turn off the engine and take measures to prevent unauthorized persons from starting the engine of the forklift.

4.2. The forklift must be cleaned of dirt and inspected, while eliminating minor defects. In the cold season, it is necessary to drain the water from the cooling system.

4.3. The driver, leaving the cab, must check whether the heating and ventilation of the cab are turned off.

4.4. At the end of the work, the forklift driver must take off the overalls, clean them of dust and other dirt and put them in the place provided for storage. Then wash your face and hands with warm water and soap or take a shower.

4.6. The driver must inform the mechanic or shift worker about all malfunctions revealed during the inspection or operation of the loader.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. If suspicious noises, crackling, grinding and other unusual phenomena appear in the engine, running gear, hydraulic system and other places of the loader, if smells of burning, smoke are detected, work should be stopped.

5.2. If a leak is detected in fuel tanks, fuel-oil lines, it must be eliminated immediately. Wipe up spills of fuel or fuel.

5.3. If during operation the lifting mechanism of the lift truck is stuck in the raised position, measures should be taken to lower it and only then carry out repairs.

5.4. In the event of a fire on or near the forklift, the operator must turn off the fuel line valves. Extinguish the flame with a fire extinguisher, sand, earth or cover it with a tarpaulin, felt in order to stop the access of air to the fire.

If it is not possible to extinguish the fire on your own, you must call the nearest fire brigade by telephone, radio or other means of communication.

5.5. If there is a danger of the lift truck overturning while the lifting mechanism is in operation, work must be stopped immediately.

5.6. When the lift truck is driving on an incline and there is a risk of overturning, care should be taken to stop the lift truck without sharp turns in the uphill direction.

5.7. The driver must be able to provide first aid to the victim of an accident.

6. Additional requirements

6.1. The speed of the forklift without load, depending on the brand, should not exceed 25-40 km/h.

6.2. When performing work on the maintenance and current repair of roads, the driver must be dressed in a signal vest.

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