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Occupational safety instructions for refractory workers. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General safety requirements

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have been trained in safe methods and techniques of this work, certified and have received the appropriate certificate and have passed a medical examination for professional suitability are allowed to work in the fireproofing profession.

1.2. Firefighters seconded from other departments or sections must present at the place of new work a certificate confirming their profession and training in safe work methods and techniques. If such a certificate is not available or its validity period has expired, the worker must undergo a labor safety knowledge test at the place of business trip.

1.3 Firefighters are required to arrive at their workplace at the appointed time so as not to interfere with the previous shift to finish their work. It is prohibited for workers to gather at work places - scaffolds, suspended platforms, etc.

1.4. When located on the territory of an operating enterprise, a firefighter must know safe routes of movement to the place of work and areas that are dangerous for access by unauthorized people.

1.5. It is forbidden:

• cross paths in front of closely moving vehicles, both general purpose and technological;
• crawl under standing wagons;
• walk in unspecified places.

1.6. Work in gas-hazardous places can only be started with the permission of the foreman or the work manufacturer.

The foreman or work performer must familiarize fire workers and other workers with these and similar production hazards emanating from an operating enterprise (shop) when conducting targeted instruction, which is recorded in the issued work permit for these works.

1.7. When several organizations work together at one site, fire workers must receive additional instructions from the foreman about the safety measures that must be observed when performing work.

1.8. To cross conveyors, you must use transition bridges.

1.9. When performing work in hard-to-reach places (hogs, gas and air pipelines, slag pits, etc.), as well as when inspecting the condition of masonry during reconstruction or major repairs, reliable and quick ways to evacuate workers in the event of an accident must be provided.

Work in the specified places must be carried out with at least two workers; the inspection is carried out under the guidance of a specialist.

In this case, two workers, being outside hard-to-reach places, must insure the direct performers of the work using steel ropes with a diameter of 5-6 mm attached to their safety belts.

1.10. Only refractory workers who have undergone special safety training are allowed to carry out hot repair work on furnaces, hogs and flues. Work in the internal chambers of furnaces, hogs and flues is permitted when the air temperature in them is no more than 50°C and there are no harmful gases. When the air temperature is more than 40°C, workplaces must be equipped with blowing fans; fire fighters must work in heat-protective clothing and take a 10-minute rest break every half hour in a specially designated place with normal temperature and places to lie down.

Hot repairs may only be carried out under the direct supervision of a technician.

1.11. To avoid colds, refractory workers working inside chimneys, cupola shafts, etc. must be protected from drafts; When carrying out work in winter conditions, heating greenhouses with open flames is not allowed.

1.12. It is not allowed to work without overalls and without a protective helmet.

1.13. A fire extinguisher must wear a respirator when working in dusty areas.

1.14. Refractory workers who do not have diseases of the skin, eyes and nasopharynx and open wounds of the skin on the hands, face and neck are allowed to work with carbon mass. Before starting work, the face, neck and hands are lubricated with protective ointment, which is washed off with warm water after completion of work.

1.15. Only those fire workers who, according to the conclusion of the medical commission and the administration, are allowed to carry out independent steeplejack work are allowed to work at height. When working at a height of 1,3 m or more and a distance of less than 2 m from the boundary of the height difference, fencing must be provided in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89. If it is impossible to install a fence, fire fighters must use safety belts.

1.16. When carrying out masonry in cramped conditions, in places where it is necessary to use portable lamps, the voltage in the network should not exceed 42 V. In furnaces with a metal casing, as well as in cramped damp places, the electric voltage for portable lamps should not exceed 12 V.

1.17. Firefighters may be allowed to operate lifting machines and sling loads only after appropriate training and testing of knowledge of safe methods and techniques for this work. Work in these cases is carried out in accordance with the instructions set out in the relevant instructions.

1.18. In the event of an accident, the firefighter must immediately go to the first aid station and at the same time, personally or through a workmate, inform the foreman about what happened, and in the event of an accident with a friend, provide him with first aid. In the event of a serious accident, the victim must be taken to a medical center and the administration informed.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the fire extinguisher must tidy up the workplace, remove all unnecessary things from under the feet and from the passages, make sure that the passages are not blocked, and that the scaffolding and scaffolding are not overloaded with materials.

2.2. Receive instructions from the foreman on the safe methods and sequence of performing a production task. Without the permission of the foreman and appropriate safety instructions, the fireman is prohibited from performing work that is not within the scope of his duties.

2.3. If there is insufficient illumination of the workplace, the refractory worker is obliged to notify the foreman about this without starting work. The fire extinguisher is prohibited from repairing electrical wiring, replacing burnt-out lamps, or connecting power tools to the network. This work should only be carried out by an electrician.

2.4. It is prohibited to use random supports (barrels, boxes, bricks, etc.) to construct scaffolding. Scaffolding and scaffolding must be made only from inventory elements. Scaffold decks must be durable, for which the deck panels should be laid tightly one to the other. The working deck must be completed in accordance with the design.

2.5. It is forbidden:

• work on a deck whose width is less than the design one (the width of the deck and the loads on the scaffolding means are indicated in the work plan), in the absence of fences, as well as on scaffolds whose ends are left hanging;
• overload the protective floorings with an excessive amount of fireproof materials to avoid their collapse;
• climb and descend masonry ledges, metal structures and other building elements, as well as use lifting mechanisms for these purposes. It is allowed to pass only along the ladders, passages and stairs indicated by the master;
• work in torn, unfastened work clothes, as well as without protective equipment (helmets, goggles, etc.).

3. Safety requirements when performing work

3.1. You can begin laying the furnace roof only with the permission of the work manufacturer or a craftsman who has checked the reliability of the installed formwork.

3.2. When dismantling and lining a furnace simultaneously on several tiers, each of them must be separated from the one above it by a continuous protective flooring.

When laying shaft furnaces, the holes in the furnace dome must be tightly closed with shields.

The openings of the gas and air channels when laying the heads of open-hearth furnaces must be covered with flooring laid on the beams.

3.3. It is prohibited to lay or repair stoves when the scaffolding is located above the laid rows of brickwork.

3.4. The level of the masonry after each movement of scaffolding must be at least 0,7 meters above the level of the working floor or ceiling.

If it is necessary to carry out masonry below this level, the masonry should be carried out using safety belts or special mesh safety fences.

The gap left between the masonry and the flooring should not be more than 5 cm. Care must be taken to ensure that no objects fall through the gap. The gap should be covered with a board or folding panels.

3.5. It is not allowed to lay external walls up to 0,75 m thick while standing on the wall. If the wall thickness is more than 0,75 m, it is allowed to carry out masonry from the wall using a safety belt attached to a special safety device.

3.6. When working on the edge of a wall (laying a bead or opening external seams), it is necessary to install external scaffolding with fences.

3.7. In the work area, all temporary openings in the floor, scaffolding and other places must be blocked or reliably protected.

3.8. Storing and carrying tools at height is permitted only in boxes and bags. When working on a scaffold, the tool is placed in a portable box, and when working without scaffolding or scaffolding - in a bag worn over the shoulder.

The tool should be raised or lowered in a closed container using a strong rope or winch.

3.9. It is prohibited to throw rubbish and bricks from the upper tiers; they should be placed in special boxes and lowered using a lift. Dumping garbage from a height is permitted only in exceptional cases, in the presence of a foreman, if the area below is fenced or guarded by a special signalman.

3.10. Loading containers with bricks or broken bricks above the level of the sides is not permitted.

3.11. It is necessary to dismantle the old masonry from the top, starting from the main vault, gradually moving from the upper rows of walls to the lower ones. It is not allowed to break the masonry from below.

The collapse of large parts of masonry (more than 10 bricks) should only be carried out in the presence of a foreman.

When dismantling masonry using wedges and sledgehammers, workers must use a wedge holder; holding the wedge with your hand is not allowed. The worker supporting the wedge should be at the side of the person using the sledgehammer.

It is not allowed to disassemble masonry when there is a mass of masonry or individual bricks overhanging the workers.

3.12. When dismantling the lining using the impact method, care must be taken not to disturb the old masonry. Shaking the masonry can cause deep cracks to form and the entire lining to collapse.

3.13. When dismantling old or slagged masonry, you should use safety glasses with a mesh and gloves; to reduce dust emissions, when disassembling the masonry, you should water the masonry with water from a hose. When removing garbage and cleaning hogs, you must use vacuum cleaners or wet cleaning methods, as well as use dust goggles and respirators.

3.14. Dismantling of the regenerator nozzle is carried out from panels or steel sheets under the direct supervision of a foreman. When disassembling the nozzle, do not leave pieces or lumps of the nozzle that have melted to them on the walls. Breaking the nozzle is allowed with the help of houses and only in the direction from top to bottom with ledges no more than 1 meter high. Walking on the nozzle is not allowed to avoid its collapse.

3.15. Dismantling the main vault of the furnace is permitted only after the installation of auxiliary scaffolding or scaffolding laid on reliable supports. It is forbidden to disassemble the furnace roof while standing on masonry or metal ties.

3.16. The overhanging parts of the masonry being dismantled must be brought down before the work is completed: leaving them hanging is prohibited.

3.17. In all cases, disassembling old masonry is allowed only after a preliminary examination of its condition, if this does not pose a danger, and appropriate instruction for fire retardants.

3.18. Removing racks from under the frames, as well as removing bolts, nuts and wedges when dismantling the formwork is allowed only under the guidance of a foreman. On stoves with roof fastenings, it is not allowed to tighten the ties.

3.19. Refractory workers engaged in the preparation and filling of refractory masses with an admixture of coal tar and solutions on liquid glass, when working with the carbonaceous mass (crushing, heating, feeding and laying it), as well as when installing carbon and graphite blocks, in addition to special clothing, must use closed protective glasses type to protect eyes from caustic vapors and gases, rubber gloves, special preventive ointments to protect the face and hands, and respirators.

The handles of tools used for shoveling the fill and compacting the carbon mass must be kept clean.

3.20. When cutting bricks by hand, the refractory worker must use safety glasses with safety glasses, be careful and ensure that the fragments do not fly towards people working nearby. In order for the brick to split along the notch, you need to turn it on its edge in your left hand and hit it hard along the cutting line with the tip of the pick. It is prohibited to split bricks on your knees.

3.21. When mechanizing brick processing, brick cutting machines must be equipped with dust collection devices. A shield must be installed behind a brick cutting machine located in an open area to protect people passing behind the machine from being hit by shrapnel if the cutting wheel accidentally breaks.

Cutting bricks must be carried out outside the working area (workplace of the refractory worker) and is allowed there in exceptional cases.

3.22. It is prohibited to work on machines whose cutting wheels are not enclosed in a casing. Before starting up the machine, you should carefully inspect the condition of the cutting wheel. It is prohibited to operate the machine with an incorrectly installed (unbalanced) cutting wheel, as well as with a wheel that has cracks or other defects.

3.23. While working on the machine, you must:

• move the brick carefully, without jerking, without overloading the disk;
• feed a brick under the circle only with a pusher (support), and not with a hand;
• do not allow the cutting wheel to touch the brick when triggered - with clamping washers;
• inspect each brick before processing it, since it is prohibited to process bricks with cracks on the machine.

3.24. It is forbidden to leave a running machine unattended.

3.25. Before supplying bricks, you should prepare the required quantity by placing bricks in a stack in the form of cells at a distance of at least 1 m from the edge of the working platform, hatches, channels, etc. Laying bricks directly to the railings is prohibited.

3.26. When feeding bricks to a height using a belt conveyor, the upper end of the conveyor must extend at least 1 m to the receiving platform. The receiving area must be fenced with strong railings 1,1 m high, a side board no less than 15 cm high and have an intermediate horizontal element in accordance with GOST 12.4.059.-78 SSBT. Inventory protective fences.

3.27. When feeding materials through an opening in the working platform, the refractory worker receiving the material must ensure that the load does not swing, and if it swings, the receiver must signal the driver to temporarily stop lifting.

3.28. After lowering a container or tub through the hole in the working platform, the hatch must be immediately closed with the door.

3.29. Materials must be supplied into the working space of the furnace through working windows with installed frames and dampers only after they have been secured.

3.30. It is prohibited to enter the mine lifts, as well as stick out from under the protective ceilings and canopies.

3.31. Bags of brick buckets or boxes of mortar should only be installed on the work site. It is prohibited to place bags or tubs on brickwork.

It is not allowed to unload a suspended container or tub. It is not allowed to transport containers and boxes with bricks or broken bricks loaded above the level of the sides.

3.22. Pallets with bricks on suspended platforms and floors must be distributed evenly over the entire area, in accordance with the instructions for the work project. The weight of materials should not exceed that specified in the project.

3.33. A refractory worker is allowed to work on a mortar mixer and mortar pump after training as a mechanic of construction machines according to an approved program, passing exams and receiving a certificate. The motor operator must have at least the second qualification group in electrical safety.

3.34. Operation of the concrete mixer with the protective mesh on the displacement drum open is prohibited. It is allowed to clean the drum after disconnecting the electric drive from the mains, removing the fuses and hanging a sign: “Do not turn it on! People are working!”

3.35. You can turn on the mortar pump after installing it and installing the mortar pipeline only with the permission of the foreman.

3.36. When working on a mortar pump, the worker must follow the following rules:

• before turning on, check the presence of protective covers on rotating units and parts;
• do not turn on the unit in the absence or malfunction of the pressure gauge;
• before starting the unit, give a warning signal;
• stop the unit when the pressure in the nodes of the mortar pipeline is higher than the permissible one;
• do not bend the hose through which the solution is transported;
• do not remove the hose through which the solution is transported;
• The connection of the solution pipe hoses must be made using fittings secured with special clamps.

4. Safety requirements at the end of work

4.1. tidy up your workplace, remove waste bricks and rubbish, and collect remaining materials.

4.2. Put in order and clean the tools and personal protective equipment from the solution and put them in a designated place (cabinet, drawer, etc.).

4.3. Refractory workers working with ground quicklime or carbonaceous mass should take a warm shower, carefully wipe their face and hands with a soft towel, and lubricate the skin of their hands with petroleum jelly or glycerin at night.

4.4. The refractory worker must report all noticed malfunctions to the foreman taking over the shift or to the foreman.

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